Ventilation in the cellar

One of the most important things about keeping a functional and healthy home environment is cellar ventilation. Often hidden from view, the cellar is an important part of your home’s overall structure. In order to keep the air circulating in the cellar fresh and stop the growth of mold, mildew, and other dangerous materials, proper ventilation is essential.

If cellars aren’t ventilated properly, moisture-related problems can grow there. Not only can dampness and stagnant air cause harm to your home’s structural integrity, but they also foster the growth of mold and mildew. These can result in health issues for you and your family in addition to offensive odors.

A variety of techniques adapted to your particular requirements are needed for effective cellar ventilation. Windows and vents that allow for natural ventilation can help with airflow and humidity reduction. To improve air circulation and regulate moisture, mechanical ventilation systems, like fans or air exchangers, can also be installed.

The size of the area, the local climate, and any moisture problems should all be taken into account when thinking about ventilation options for your cellar. Getting expert advice can help you choose the best ventilation system for your house.

To sum up, adequate ventilation in the cellar is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of your house as well as the safety and comfort of its occupants. You can make sure that your cellar stays a useful and healthy part of your living space for many years to come by putting effective ventilation strategies into place.

Importance	Proper ventilation prevents mold and moisture buildup in the cellar.
Benefits	Ensures air circulation, reduces musty smells, and maintains a healthy environment.

Installation of a channel -type fan

This kind of fan can run on the least amount of power because it might not have a high performance level. Investing in an amplitude device with a high degree of efficiency is advised.

An expertly installed cellar space hood appears flawlessly during the first operating phase.

As a result, the cellar’s air becomes somewhat moist, making food resistant to freezing and raising the temperature to four degrees.

As previously stated, this kind of hood installation can be completed without the assistance of experts and without the need for specialized technical equipment, a sophisticated tool, and both. To put it simply, everything can be done by hand, especially if you have some basic skills.

Pros and cons of different types of ventilation

Continuous air circulation will maintain a stable temperature and humidity level, but during the winter months, the room may freeze.

1. The channel is required to eliminate odors, moisture, and hazardous substances.

2. The supply pipe allows fresh air to enter the cellar’s interior space.

3. A single-pipe system is an easy method with advantages and disadvantages:

• The positive side is the cheapness of hoods and the relative simplicity of installation;
• The disadvantage is that full air exchange is problematic due to a weak tributary.

Installing this option is advised if the cellar is small in size. It is necessary to divide the duct into individual ventilation holes.

4. Installing a two-pipe type is better since it can guarantee excellent preservation of the subterranean supplies and items, but it comes with hefty financial costs.

The air in the room is completely changed when the correct design is associated twice an hour. The project’s natural circulation circuit is laid out at the very beginning of its creation.

In what situations is it possible to measure the diameter using just one pipe?

A single-pipe system is installed in a shed or garage, or in a small, separate cellar. Its upper part ought to be placed at least 80–100 mm away from the roof skate.

• In a building with a perimeter of 2×3 or 3×3 m, the construction of a structure, the cross section of which is at least 150×150 mm, with a windword at the end.
• The hood is necessarily divided in half along the entire length of the vertically located partition.
• On one compartment, the air enters the room, the second – comes out of it, so a separate damper is made for each part, which is closed.
• Before completing the installation, you need to check the circulation. To do this, you can smoke underground and follow the pace of cleaning.

You must precisely calculate the air duct diameter for ventilation if you want the system to operate as intended.

• The area of the underground should be proportional to the pipe transverse section and is 1m2/26 cm2.
• The diameter of the pipe of 1 cm is 13 cm2 of the section, hence: (Loose x 26 cm2) ÷ 13. If the cellar is 9 m2, then it turns out (9×26) ÷ 13 = 18, which means that the value of the transverse section should be at least 18 cm.
• Ventilation pipes are taken 1-2 cm more than the resulting value. For s = 9 m2, you need to take material with a section of 19-20 cm.

The channel, which is accessible from the side of the road, needs to be blown by strong wind streams in order to be active.

Which channel to close for the winter, the nuances of hoods with two pipes

Preliminary scheme creation is desirable because a two-pipe structure, when used to form a full-fledged supply and exhaust system, requires the most accurate calculation.

• For uniform air exchange, channels with an equal cross section are installed. If it is necessary to drain the cellar or get rid of the musty smell, then the excreting diameter should be large.
• The fewer bends and turns, the better the ventilation will be.
• The optimum temperature and circulation are achieved due to the maximum removal of hoods from each other. It is preferable to place them in different ends of the room.

View	Installation	Nuances
Exhaust	The lower end is 150 cm from the floor, as close to the ceiling as possible.

A net is used to close the outlet channel to strengthen the thrust, or a deflector is fastened to it.

2. The street’s subterranean supply channel is located beneath the exhaust.

3. When winter arrives, the condensed air masses transform into irrigation due to cooling. Insulation at the street end is required by law.

4. The drain crane is installed in order to remove condensate from the lower portion of the exhaust pipe.

The grill is attached to the channel in the event that it is arranged so that the basement overlaps and prevents rodent penetration.

To control the amount of airflow, the shutters that are fixed to the ends of the indoor extracts must be opened and closed.

DIY Ventilation in the cellar of key accents

What pipes are suitable

Two asbestos or galvanized iron pipes (supply and air removal). The exhaust pipe should be 1.5 meters long, beginning on the cellar floor, or about 20 centimeters below the ceiling level, and ending at least 0.5 meters above the ridge on the roof. This is the recommended length for the pipe. The degree of traction is influenced by correct height.

Calculations are used to determine the pipe’s diameter.

Up to 0.3 meters above the ground, the supply pipe is situated in the corner opposite the exhaust. The diameter of the pipes is determined using the values authorized by the standards; that is, 26 kV. cm of pipe cross-section for every square meter of the cellar.

Assuming that the cellar has a surface area of 10 square meters, we can calculate the required pipe cross-section by applying the area of the circle formula.

R is equal to -S/π = -(26×10)/3.14 = 9.1 cm. Thus, the desired pipe’s cross-section measures 18 cm.

When calculating, keep in mind that you will need to add an additional value of 14 if the calculated diameter is, for instance, 12.8 cm.

Crucial! To ensure proper ventilation of the cellar, the exhaust pipe’s cross-sectional area needs to be determined using a coefficient of 1.15. That is, in the case of a 10 kV cellar.

M – 20 cm (18 x 1.15), and m – 16 cm for 5 kV.

Mandatory thermal insulation

When the exhaust pipe is installed, it must be insulated where it goes through the attic. When a pipe performs warm air films, condensate forms on its inner surface during the cold. In the winter, it freezes, narrowing and occasionally completely blocking the exhaust air’s passage. Additionally, visors must be installed to protect the exhaust and supply pipes from sedimentation.

Take note! Dampers, which are integrated into the pipes, can be used to regulate air exchange. These devices allow you to adjust the incoming and outgoing air masses’ intensities.

Ventilation from boards

One pipe should be used for ventilation in the cellar due to the small size of the space. There are two channels in it. Construct a ventilation pipe for a separate cellar using 3–4 cm thick boards. With sides measuring 18 centimeters each, the structure is half-rectangular. Inside: a diagonal division. Every channel has a valve that allows the influx and air removal to be adjusted.

Additionally, wooden ventilation occurs.

Crucial! The locations of the supply and exhaust pipes shouldn’t be the same. One-pipe ventilation is exempt from this rule.

Materials for arranging ventilation pipes

The cellar’s appropriate hood is easily made on its own. Asbest cement and non-high pressure polyethylene are two common materials that are consistently used for pipes for the efficient exhaust system.

The device’s exterior features, which resemble slate, are what gave rise to the moniker "slate slate." Polyethylene and asbestos-cent are both dependable, useful, and extremely robust.

Installing polyethylene pipes on your own is not difficult.

But while the work is being done, it’s crucial that the cellar’s hood be set up properly, as shown in the picture. To achieve this, pipes must be cooked, which is something that takes some getting used to for newcomers.

However, the specifications for the cellar’s premises determine which material is best for the ventilation system arrangement in the basement. Seeking professional assistance is preferable if there are issues with a decision.

You don’t need to install a strong ventilation system if the repository is small enough because a single pipe can supply an appropriate humidity and temperature range.

Individual characteristics of the cellar extraction scheme depend on the type of space and its dimensions. It will be accurate to handle each case independently.

Calculation of air exchange in the basement

The requirements for air exchange must be ascertained prior to the search for ventilation equipment and the layout of the basement ventilations. Simplified, meaning that the air exchange in the basement is determined by the following formula, which does not account for any potentially dangerous materials present in the atmosphere:

• L is the estimated need for air exchange, m3/h;
• V_Supplies – the volume of the basement, m3;
• K_R – minimum frequency of air exchange, 1/h (cm. below).

The basement forced ventilation system’s power characteristics will be determined by the air exchange value that is obtained.

The conventional method of calculating the air volume needed for basement ventilation involves multiplying the space’s height, width, and length.

However, information about the room’s air volume and air exchange frequency is needed to calculate the formula. This is how the first parameter is computed:

• A is the length of the basement;
• B is the width of the basement;
• H – basement height.

The width, length, and height of the room are measured and converted to meters to find its volume in cubic meters. For instance, the volume of a basement with the following dimensions: 5 m wide, 20 m long, and 2.7 m high equals 270 m3.

The number of people occupying this space directly affects how much air exchange is required. Additionally, the level of physical activity of guests is considered (+)

The minimum frequency of air exchange in large basements is kR. based on one person’s hourly requirements for fresh (supply) air. The table displays the individual’s air exchange requirements based on how this room is used.

Additionally, air exchange can be computed based on the quantity of individuals required to be in the basement for example for work:

• L_people – air exchange rate for one person, m3/h • people;
• N_l – estimated number of people in the basement.

A person’s requirements for supply air are confirmed by their needs, which are 20–25 m3/h for low physical activity, 45 m3/h for basic physical labor, and 60 m3/h for high physical exertion.

Waterproofing treatment

The floor and walls of the cellar are waterproofed once it has fully dried. Special protective compositions are used for this purpose. It is best to use impregnations with structural penetration for concrete walls. They are used in three to four layers. Consistency will cause the base’s structural pores to close, resulting in a waterproof substance that has the ability to "breathe."

Roofing material is frequently used to cover the dried-out basement. It may be easily obtained, but this is among the greatest waterproofers.

It’s critical to lay the roofing material on a perfectly level surface. Before applying the protective layer, the floor surface is prepared with a layer of mastic.

Natural clay is a completely safe and environmentally beneficial material. She has shown herself to be an excellent waterproofer. The so-called material is what the process itself is all about. The base of the cellar is strengthened because a layer of stones has been poured on it beforehand. A thick mixture of sand and clay (10–12 cm layers) is mixed and spread out uniformly across the floor, compaction of the material in between the stones occurring at the same time. There is 4 to 6 cm of coarse sand covering the upper portion. The surface is compacted as a result. Paul’s clay waterproofing takes a minimum of 30 days to dry.

Apply clay to the floor.

An essential part of efficient air exchange is the cellar ventilation system. It is preferable to arrange it while the premises are still being designed. In this scenario, a great deal of issues can be avoided.

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Ventilation check for effectiveness

Following the installation of the cellar’s ventilation system and all associated work, you should assess the system’s functionality and look for signs of excessive humidity. An ordinary match can be used to measure work efficiency. All you have to do is light it for this. As you are aware from your physics classes in school, burning requires oxygen to occur; if the air is too carbon dioxide-rich, burning will either be very weak or not occur at all. This suggests that the match, which is lit and burning brightly, indicates that there is oxygen in the air and that the system is functioning properly, i.e., that the ventilation "does not pull."

Following "commissioning," it is imperative to inspect the ventilation system in the newly constructed cellar.

A well-known technique for determining cellar humidity is to use "a glass of water." The glass is filled with cold water to limit the space between its walls. The glass’s moisture will evaporate after standing in the cellar for a while; the ventilation system responds to this signal. In the event that condensation runs down the sides of a glass, the cellar’s microclimate isn’t suitable. Variations in the ventsistem’s function can be caused by dampness. Additionally, gashiy lime staining the walls will serve as prevention. Additionally, you can keep a bucket of perfectly absorbent humidity made of lime in the basement at all times.

It is imperative that you pay attention to the design stage in order for the house’s cellar ventilation to function properly and fulfill all regulations. After all, a malfunctioning system will eventually ruin the products rather than help to preserve them while also fostering the growth of mold.

Basement ventilation systems

The location of the cellar beneath a private home’s main rooms is implied by the most popular choice for the basement device. Two choices are employed in this instance for the exhaust device:

1. two -channel;
2. single -channel.

The most common usage is the first. In terms of servicing an area larger than the cellar, it has several benefits.

Two -channel ventilation device

Installing air ducts at the two influx and outflow points of the ventilation technology is not difficult.

Calculations regarding the basement’s ventilation should be made at the beginning of construction to ensure that the house’s construction process develops perfectly. Consequently, you will spend less on both labor and money.

The duct’s supply pipe.

Air masses from the surroundings are supplied by the tributary device through the air intake through the receiving opening (blow). The main building’s side wall is where the purge is typically found; it should be 20 to 30 cm above the house blind area’s level.

A ventilation grill closes off the pipe’s actual hole. An axial fan can be added to the grill if needed. The duct is installed into the basement and runs through the foundation of the house. The outlet ventilation retreated 15-20 cm and extended nearly to the floor of the cellar. The ventilation canal’s placement allows cool street air to enter the duct, travel through it, and enter the basement close to the gender. Subsequently, the warm, humid air from the basement is gradually drawn up through the exhaust pipeline and heated.

The polluted masses’ outflow system.

It is positioned diagonally with respect to the supply pipe in the other corner of the cellar’s premises. The necessity of capturing the heated air is the fundamental idea. This is accomplished by locating the pipe entrance 10–15 cm below the basement ceiling. Moreover, the hood channel travels through the main building’s ceiling, the attic, and the roof.

The circumstances under which the wind will be directed to the previously established will depend on the shape of the roof and the predominant wind rose. In any case, the deflector is required because it shields the pipe from the impact of atmospheric precipitation. Additionally, it generates negative pressure beneath the lid, which improves the flow of air through the pipe.

The blown air flow through an exhaust duct will increase with its length.

For the exhaust channel to provide the required insulation, multiple layers should be installed. In order to accomplish this, while designing your home’s infrastructure and arranging its spaces:

• mount a brick or wooden well for a pipe Ventilation of the cellar;
• choose a place for laying the insulation between the well and the pipe;
• They wrap the pipe itself with a special insulation that will not absorb moisture.

It is essential to warm an exhaust duct during the cold season to prevent air condensation from sudden drops in temperature.

In reference to the final two points, it is important to remember that only double thermal insulation can guarantee that the air duct will not freeze. It is also required to create an air lumen between the main insulation and the insulation on the pipe itself if the area where the house and the basement are located indicates unusually low temperatures. The channel’s overall heat conductivity will be greatly decreased by this method.

Single -channel ventilation

Rarely, if the cellar’s area is less than 5 kV.m., it is possible to combine the oxygen’s flow and outflow channels into a single pipe. This is the fundamental idea behind how this system works and how it differs from the two-channel location. Two circulation channels are obtained through the partition that divides the pipe: one on a tributary and the other on the hood.

7 Drying the basement using household appliances Fan or heater

Additionally, fans and heaters from the house can be used to remove extra moisture from a product storage area. "Windbound" and convector heater models are appropriate in the first scenario. Place the heater in the middle of the space to dry the walls and floor. As a result, all of the corners will receive heat distribution that is even throughout the device. Remember that this drying process takes a long time. You will also need to spend a lot on electricity payments.

The people who own the basements frequently use strong steam generators. A room used for storing products dries out quickly because of its radiation. Because drying will take less time, you will end up spending a little less. This technique works so well that it is frequently applied even in basements that were spared from the flood.

A fan needs to be placed in the middle of the room and turned on in order to remove moisture from it. This method of complete drying will require at least 4 days. Often, an average old bourgeoisie assists the cellar owners as well. In these situations, the stove’s diverted pipe is taken out and placed under the basement hood. Until the basement surfaces are totally dry, it will need to submerge the potbelly stove for a minimum of five days. This approach won’t function if the cellar exhaust hole isn’t present.

Moisture in the basement

Humidity and musty air are common issues in basements. Insufficient air exchange is the root cause of the first issue. The basement has walls with maximum moisture and air permeability and was buried 2.5–2.8 meters below the surface of the earth. Furthermore, many cellars and basements lack natural ventilation, which is symbolized by vertical house channels.

The cellar needs to be waterproofed before the ventilation problems are examined and resolved. Wall hygroscopicity will not be resolved by basement ventilation.

Weak waterproofing walls are the cause of the basement’s significant humidity. The old pipelines that ran through the basements are the second explanation. Furthermore, regardless of the tightness of the detachable compounds and the integrity of the pipes, condensate is deposited on them.

Before the project can be developed and the basement ventilation system built, the issue of excessive humidity must be resolved. Pipes must be sealed, insulation must be placed between them, and the cellar walls must be strengthened or restored to their original degree of tightness. The final step will remove condensate’s impact on the pipe material. The cellar’s ventilation requirements are then ascertained.

The ventilation system through channels

Installing a fan in the air duct’s center

Ventilation combined with varinate

Fan for forced ventilation

Ventilation of the cellar basic requirements

Basements and board ventilation devices are used for this purpose. Its purpose is to offer stable and moderate humidity and air temperature indicators. There are several other factors that affect these indicators in addition to ventilation.

1. Soil is the soil in which the basement works.
2. The territorial location of the cellar and thermal insulation – under the main building or separately.
3. The presence of groundwater and methods of countering it.

As a result, it is essential to comprehend and provide for every potential factor that could affect the basement’s climate during building operations as soon as construction begins.

A specific climate can only be achieved by taking into consideration every element that may have an impact on how well the cellar operates. If something is gone, don’t blame ventilation or hold out too much hope for it. She can certainly maintain the intended microclimate, but she is unable to stop the wall from getting wet.

You can move on to the design and ventilation device if the basement is in a good location and has good thermal and hydro-insulation.

The basement’s ventilation system includes a device for the outflow of wet, polluted carbon dioxide masses as well as a source of air flow from the surrounding environment, similar to that found in the majority of general purpose production facilities.

Installation of ventilation

After completing the necessary steps, you can start the system installation process right away. Regardless of whether forced or natural air exchange is being discussed, there are rules that must be followed.

Detailed instructions for carrying out cellar ventilation correctly:

The first step in installing ventilation in the cellar is choosing the material by hand; in this instance, asbestos and plastic pipes will be used for the installation. Two holes are made in asbestos, one in each pipe (made of plastic for plastic pipes). The diameter of the holes should match that of the plastic pipes.

We use a screwdriver or drill to make holes.

Completely completed holes

Then, insert two plastic pipes: one for the air intake and the other for the air outflow.

LISTEN UP! Purchasing oval plastic pipes is advised because their width is greater than that of round pipes, which reduces the asbestos pipe’s strength. After that, we install pipes.

There will be a tributary along the lower pipe and an outflow according to the upper pipe, respectively. The outflow pipe is installed at least 1.5 meters above the earth’s or roof’s surface. and the supply 20 to 50 centimeters away. beyond the surface.

We then install pipes. There will be a tributary along the lower pipe and an outflow according to the upper pipe, respectively. The outflow pipe is installed at least 1.5 meters above the earth’s or roof’s surface. and the supply 20 to 50 centimeters away. beyond the surface.

While we guide the supply pipe into the basement’s far corner, we place the plastic pipe inside the room. The same 20–50 cm is the distance we leave from the floor. Since the warmest air is found there, it will be easiest to remove the exhaust pipe if it is mounted as high as possible to the ceiling.

The left pipe isheating, and the right pipe is

We make cementing next.

We also use cement.

If an apartment building’s basement ventilation system is set up, it makes sense to add a powerful fan to the system, which can adequately supply air to a sizable room.

Given that the influx is low to the ground, covering it with bars is advised to prevent "unnecessary guests"—such as rodents or birds—from climbing there.

It is worthwhile to take into account a few suggestions:

• The bends of the pipes should have a minimum. It is desirable that they are not at all, which will improve air exchange.
• pipes need to choose straight, without extensions and narrowing.
• It is recommended to insulate an exhaust pipe located outside the cellar. This will help to avoid condensate in the cold.
• To protect against precipitation, it is worth applying a deflector.

Board depth with ventilation system of 3.5 meters

Nuances of support for optimal microclimate

In a space this small, the ideal microclimate must be supported by adhering to a specific order of actions.

• The humidity level in the room decreases due to regular ventilation. In the summer it makes sense to open the shutters, hatches, etc.P. Due to the temperature difference in the cellar, ventilation will be provided.
• To increase humidity, the practice of spraying water with a spray gun is used. You can install a box with moistened sand or wet sawdust in the room.

Maintaining the ideal microclimate in space is considerably simpler with automated installation. It can be easily changed at your own discretion if needed.

Features of hoods for the cellar

The only way to maintain the necessary humidity and steady temperature in the basement is to have a properly configured ventilation system.

In this instance, the extract is in charge of establishing the essential air circulation throughout the whole basement area.

The average temperature of six degrees Celsius is thought to be the most ideal for the house’s cellar.

In the picture below, a diagram is shown.

When the basement’s air circulation is done properly, there is a continuous air exchange that makes sure that stagnant air is released outside and that fresh air is flowing in when needed.

Avoid creating an excessively strong draft in the cellar as this may also have an adverse effect on the crop’s overall preservation.

In addition, inadequate air exchange in the basement will cause the air to stagnate, which will lead to the formation of condensation and the growth of mold and fungus on the walls, both of which will be detrimental to the products.

The air in the basement should be changed at least three times in a single hour to guarantee the best possible microclimatic conditions throughout.

Make sure all the calculations are accurate before using your hands to manually start the exhaust device in the basement. Additionally, an approximate exhaust system scheme needs to be drawn up.

The entire area of the basement must be determined in order to determine the ideal pipe diameter for delivering the required air mass speed.

You should consider installing at the entrance as well as the fan system’s output if the calculations indicate that it is impossible to create an effective microclimate in the basement due to natural circulation.

Automated system

Temperature and humidity are two constant indicators that you can have. Thus, you must use high-quality climate devices. And we need to get in touch with the experts for this. They’ll install a split system and locate quality equipment.

The use of forced ventilation

If you turn your basement into a place to unwind rather than keep stock, then it is necessary. There will be an air exchange barrier on those days if the device is there. After that, the exhaust discharge must be rearranged using the fan’s assistance.

The most important thing to remember is that you cannot use the fan to control the supply of taps. Because air will blow through a variety of gaps when there is severe air pumping up, especially if there is poor extract.

Basket arrangement requirements

The basement is typically found in private homes. Many people who work in the private sector will outfit utility rooms, set up gyms, saunas, and rest areas, all of which call for the installation of intricate forced ventilation systems.

But the majority of the time, the basement is used to store food reserves, which don’t need a forced extract but do require a specific microclimate. In this instance, creating natural supply and exhaust ventilation will be more than sufficient.

The primary cause of rising humidity and the growth of mold in the cellar is either inadequate or nonexistent ventilation.

In order to guarantee the security of the goods and the proper operation of the cellar, the following guidelines must be followed when organizing this space:

1. Exclude the entrance to the basement of natural light. There should be no windows in the basement, the periodic use of electric lighting is allowed.
2. Organize a favorable temperature regime. For this, the cellar is equipped so that one of its sides is contacted with the outer wall of the house.
3. Ensure the normal air exchange of the premises, which is provided by the presence of ventilation.
4. Maintain the necessary humidity of the room. The optimal indicator is about 90%. This parameter also depends on ventilation.
5. Equip good waterproofing, to exclude groundwater entering the cellar.

It is evident from the above list of prerequisites for the proper layout of the basement that ventilation meets two of the five requirements. But you must adhere to specific installation guidelines for it to work properly and generate the best mode for product storage.

Exhalations from opposite sides of the house are installed in the basement as the simplest form of ventilation. They work well in small cellar spaces with ceilings no higher than two meters. The holes are sealed with a grate to prevent rodents from crawling through and garbage from entering the cellar.

Inadequate ventilation raises the humidity in the space and encourages the growth of mold. Excessive ventilation can make the basement too dry, which is dangerous for the crop.

Thus, in this situation, you must follow the middle ground rule; however, to do so, accurate calculations that take into account the room’s dimensions and features must be made.

A system that is required for cellars and basements is ventilation.

The supply leak in the home’s basement

Hospitable cellar-based asbestos pipe

Devices for mechanical ventilation supply

Preventing the collapse of construction projects

Airflow in the functional basement

Ventilation of product-filled cellars

A single ventilation system with pipes

Useful recommendations

How do I properly build a garage cellar hood? Expert advice essentially boils down to this:

1. In the cold period, the hood has to be covered so as not to cool the basement. At the same time, a lot of moisture is formed in it, which negatively affects the safety of products. For ventilation, a steel or wooden grill is placed on the hole and closed with old blankets and other rags. Warm air and steam go through the pores, without forming ice. In this case, dampness in the cellar is reduced and vegetables are better preserved. Materials with low porosity for shelter are not suitable (synthetics, tarpaulin, film).
2. It is not recommended to overdry the cellar, since this negatively affects the safety of products. Sometimes it is required to increase humidity. For this, the floor is sprinkled with wet sawdust or sand.
3. does not cope with its duties if the air temperature in the cellar and outside is the same. Then an electric fan is installed in an exhaust pipe, when turned on, the musty air is forcibly expelled from the room. Great power is not required for this. An additional device should not interfere with the natural air exchange. For this, the diameter of the exhaust pipe is selected more than the calculated.

6 Processing the cellar to protect against moisture an important procedure for freshness of products

The cellar maintenance procedures don’t stop at drying out the area. Waterproofing compounds must be applied to the floor and wall surfaces in order to prolong the cellar’s dry storage period. If concrete was used to build the room’s walls, apply a deep penetration impregnation. It must be applied in multiple layers, as each one will seep into the plates to seal the gaps and crevices.

Ruberoid is regarded as an effective insulator.

Occasionally, roofing material is used to cover the dried-out cellar. However, because it should be used exactly evenly on the wall and the floor, it is thought to be a good insulator. This is accomplished by first applying a mastic to the surface, which must be heated, and then placing the insulator itself on top.

Clay is a waterproofing material that is environmentally friendly. Its usage won’t be beneficial unless it is extremely fat. The basement’s gender needs to be laid out with stones before the material is applied, and then sand-and clay mixture is poured on top. The layer should be between 10 and 12 cm thick. The clay has to be applied, the spaces between the stones must be compacted, and then a layer of large fractions sand needs to be poured on top. It will also require taming. This method’s only drawback is that the floor takes a long time to dry. This takes, on average, thirty to forty days.

Calculation of the section of the air ducts and the choice of fan power

The diameter of the air pipelines determines how much air mass they can pass through in order to effectively ventilate the underground storage. How can you, on your own, determine what cross-section of air ducts is required to outfit the cellar with a functional ventilation system? There are two methods by which you can determine the ideal air pipeline diameter:

1. Order a calculation in the relevant organization. This will give you a guarantee that all calculations will be made correctly. True, this procedure is not the cheapest and you will need to give the amount for the calculation, possibly exceeding the cost of the organization of the entire cellar.
2. Make calculations yourself, while you will have to remember arithmetic, but it will be absolutely free. What way to choose is to solve exclusively to you.

We will need to determine the size of the product storage area and the number of air exchanges in order to manually ventilate the cellar. The recommended air exchange, or the number of times the air in the cellar is changed, ranges from two to four, based on the goods kept within.

• To find out the volume of the room, you need to multiply its length by width and height. Consider the cellar in size 2 m. x 3 m. x 2.5 m. = 15 m.cube
• To find out the number of air passing per hour, you need to multiply the cellar volume by the recommended increase in air exchange. Consider the average value 3. As a result, we get that in 1 hour, 15 m should pass through the cellar through the cellar.cube x 3 = 45 m.cube

The following formula will be used to determine the area of the air duct section:

F is equal to l / (s x 3600).

• S – Recommended air movement
• L – air flow.

The airflow rate in this instance is 1 m/s, which is the standard for natural ventilation.

We determine the air duct section’s area:

0.0125 m.sq. = 45 / (1 m / s x 3600)

We compute the round pipe’s radius data as follows:

• R – air duct radius (mm)
• F – A duct section (mm.sq)
• π – constant = 3.14

Using the data, we obtain:

√ (0.0125 /3.14) = 0.063 m^ squared

We require a round duct with a minimum radius of 125 mm.

We are now going to calculate the exhaust fan’s productivity. You can employ a method that is simplified. You must multiply the room’s volume by 12 in order to accomplish this. It is 15 m.cube x 12 = 180 m.Cube/hour in our instance. The cellar’s hospitable fan performance is 180 m.Cube/hour, with a 6 m. sq. area and 2.5 m high ceilings.

We equip the cellar on our own

"How to do ventilation in the cellar?" is a question that many ask.We go ahead and buy air pipelines and equipment now that all the calculations have been completed and the money has been saved. We require the following in order to install the combined ventilation system:

• The right amount of PVC pipe, with a diameter of 125 mm.
• One end tee for draining condensate.
• One brass or plastic tap for inserting in the end tee.
• Fasteners for the pipe.
• Exhaust fan, with a capacity of 180 m.cube/h. Important! The fan is installed inside the exhaust pipe, so look for a model that will approach the diameter of your air ducts.
• The right amount of wire, with a cross section of at least 1.5 mm.sq, fork.
• Air intake round with a diameter of 125 mm – 2 pcs.
• Metal grid, from the penetration of rodents into a cellar 15 cm x 15 cm.
• Deflector. The purchase of a deflector is optional. It serves to increase traction in the exhaust duct, in the case of stopping the supply of electricity and stopping the fan.

Furthermore, no home master could find the assembly difficult. We have already explained how to install air ducts.

It is a little easier to ventilate an underground room for product storage than an above-ground room. Additionally, the calculations stay the same, but the air pipelines are simpler to fasten. Exhaust: It should exit the house from the outside and pass through the basement. The exhaust pipe’s height ought to be 0.5 meters above the roof skates.

The master’s advice is to put in a fan and secure it with standard mounts before attaching the exhaust pipe.

We hope that our advice will make it simple for you to install the appropriate ventilation system in your underground storage.

The pros and cons of natural ventilation of the cellar

One or more pipes installed in accordance with a specific plan can be used to easily provide the natural flow of air into the cellar’s premises. The diameter of the air channels and their precise placement will determine the basic ventilation design’s degree of success first.

The traction effect, or the rise of warmer air in the lower temperature air channel, is the foundation of the ventilation principle.

A few basic requirements should be included in the guidelines for creating ventilation in the cellar:

1. For the successful operation of natural ventilation, the temperature difference in the cellar and on the street is necessary at least 7-10 ° C or wind speed of at least 1.5 m/s. That is, the most effectively the cellar will be blown out during the period of windy weather or after a decrease in a “outcome” temperature of at least -7 ° C. This may be the period of October-November the month, until that moment, from September to mid-October, moisture and surgery of crops are intensively accumulated in the cellar, which are practically not excreted from the atmosphere of the cellar;
2. The cut of the “exhaust” pipe is raised by at least one and a half meters above the roof of the building or cellar. Ideally, the difference in height above the place of external air fence and the highest ejection point should be at least three meters. The colder the basement, the worse it is ventilated, the more condensate will fall on the walls and objects;
3. The outlet pipe should ideally be made without additional “pockets” and “knees”. It is on its ability to raise and disperse the air in an even and smooth channel that the ventilation performance in the cellar depends.

Counseling! Productivity rises by 10% per meter beyond the excretory duct’s height of three meters.

The window itself is situated in the highest point of the room, and the "hot" air fence in the cellar’s natural ventilation system is constructed like a single pipe. Frequently, air enters the channel through the side windows in the pipe walls rather than the end hole. You can manually place a collection for condensate, rain, and ice and snow products at the end of the duct.

Counseling! Make an effort to leave some space open around the ventilation pipe windows; this will come in handy later on when you have to manually clean the air channels of debris and dirt.

In order to improve traction and shield the channel from rain and snow, manufacturers occasionally position a variety of weather vanity pipes at the upper end to face the wind. Installing a device to frighten birds and mice—which, wise in the winter, climb into warm ventilation pipes and clog them—by hand would be far more beneficial. It’s not always as simple and easy to obtain a dead bird or animal with your hands as it might seem.

Which is the most crucial component in the design of the basement’s natural ventilation system:

1. Cold air supply in the volume of the cellar is always removed from the outlet channels to the maximum distance, the outlet window for cold air is lowered to the floor itself. This zone is most tolerant of low temperatures and water condensate of vegetables. In this part of the basement, carrots, cabbage, poor potatoes and beets are well stored;
2. It is very important to choose the right and make the location of the pipe with your own hands for outdoor air. The optimal point is at an altitude of 40-50 cm, the direction and orientation of the entry of values do not have. The so -called hiding devices designed to improve the process of air intake are often clogged with dirt and become excessive resistance to the air flow path. A compulsory attribute of the input opening is a large steel mesh.

Natural ventilation has two main advantages: it’s easy to use and dependable. It’s debatable whether her work is effective. Practice is well-known for one thing: because of the large storage room, high "exhaust" pipe, and good thermal insulation in the walls and ceiling, this type of device is appropriate for use in ventilation in the cellar beneath the house. An additional benefit is that doing it by hand is simple.

How to do ventilation in the cellar

Air movement in the subterranean storage can be controlled artificially or naturally. Air passes through specific holes in the first scenario and uses fans in the second (Figure 1).

The supply and exhaust system is the most basic, least expensive, and efficient form of ventilation. Two pipes are installed for the arrangement at two different levels, and their ends are taken to the street. One of the rooms loses warm air, while the other gains cool air. We will then go into greater detail about how to outfit the basements with different ventilation systems.

Why is the ventilation system you need in the cellar

A lot of personal plot owners think that installing any kind of hood in the basement is pointless. Another false belief is that a stable microclimate will be violated if the storage facility has holes in its walls or roof. Actually, everything occurs in reverse order.

Picture 1. The basement hood’s basic working principle

Fresh vegetables and blanks cannot be stored in residential buildings due to the high temperature, and it is too cold to store them outside in the winter. Under suitable ventilation, the subterranean storage facility maintains both a constant temperature and the ideal humidity level for the storage of vegetables. A high-quality hood effectively completes this function, allowing a moderate amount of fresh oxygen to enter and warm air to be expelled.

Calculation and device

For smaller cellars, it will be sufficient to use pipes to bring out one or more holes in the walls. On the other hand, it is preferable to outfit the supply and exhaust system, which can efficiently handle the microclimate’s support, if the storage is fairly large.

Note: Special fans are installed in large industrial storages to ensure a steady and even flow of fresh air. But these systems are too costly, and it is not profitable to use them in a personal economy.

To determine how many channels you need for your basement, you need to conduct some calculations. Firstly, they calculate the area of the room, multiplying the width by the length. Secondly, it should be borne in mind that for each square meter of area it is necessary for 26 square centimeters of the exhaust channel. For example, if the area of the cellar is 6 square meters, this indicator must be multiplied by 26. The resulting number (156 square centimeters) will mean the total area of ventilation holes. To determine which diameter will be optimal, you need to highlight the square root of this number, divided by the number of pi. In our example, this indicator will be 14 cm. However, for a better removal of warm air and a fresh influx of fresh, this figure can be independently increased by 10-15%.

Do -it -yourself installation

You can move on to the system’s direct installation after performing all required calculations and selecting an appropriate diameter.

The following is how the cellar’s hoods are installed:

1. If the hood is mounted in a finished storage, it is necessary to make several holes in the roof.
2. An exhaust pipe is inserted through one hole and fix it so that the lower edge is 10-15 cm below the ceiling, and the upper part protrudes above the soil surface by 70-80 cm.
3. A hole is also made in the opposite corner and an supply pipe is inserted into it. It must be fixed in such a way that the lower edge does not reach the floor by 15-20 cm, and the upper one only 20-25 cm protruded above the soil surface.

In order to prevent atmospheric precipitation from entering after installation, it is advised to cover the exterior sections with gratings and visors. Applying a sheet of paper to the supply channel is a very easy way to check the traction intensity. If there is significant fluctuation, there is good airflow in the space.

The structure of the exhaust system

Utilized to purify the interior air masses is the exhaust pipe. An ideal location for installation would be in one of the cellar’s corners.

It is crucial to remember that the lowest section of the duct needs to be installed at the very top of the space. The ventilation pass in the space should be vertical.

There should be a ledge at least 50 centimeters above the skate portion in excretion areas.

Insulating the duct is necessary to lower the condensate masses that will form inside the pipes. The insulation process is quick and doesn’t call for any specialized knowledge. One pipe with a slightly bigger diameter and mineral wool or another type of insulation are needed for the task. Insulation is inserted into the hollow space created by one pipe inside the other.

1. A simple cellar ventilation scheme with a through method: the pipe passes through the floor, rises along the corner of the wall and is excreted through the ceiling and roof;
2. More complex – through the wall, when the lower part of the exhaust pipe is located horizontally and rises already on the surface. This scheme is also suitable for the above -ground bulk.

The supply pipe brings in fresh air for the cellar room. The pipe is typically installed in the corner across from the exhaust duct. The pipe’s open end is 40–50 centimeters high from the ground. After that, it rises to a height of 25 to 30 centimeters from the floor and goes through the sections of the ceilings.

Scheme 3: Ventilation in the cellar

Installing the supply air duct should prevent its lower cut from coming within 45–50 cm of the floor. The upper cut and ground level should be separated by about the same amount of space.

Remembering that a protective grill needs to be placed over the upper cut is crucial. By doing this, you can keep rodents, mice, rats, and other trespassers away from your food supplies. A metal grid is one option.

Because warm and cold air masses have different specific masses, air flows through ventilation ducts. Drafts form inside the room if the temperature difference is too great.

Conversely, in another scenario, the air will become stagnant. Valves are used to control the movement of air masses. They are fitted to the supply and exhaust pipes.

Advantages of natural ventilation:

• Small cost – ventilation of the cellar with your own hands does not require significant financial costs;
• Electricity savings;
• the possibility of independent installation;
• There is no need for constant control, usually required only in winter during sharp cooling;
• compatibility with other ventilation systems, or air conditioning systems that can be installed in the house, if necessary, you can additionally install forced ventilation for the cellar.

It is crucial to evaluate the system’s performance after the installation. A standard paper sheet works well for checking the ventilation system’s accuracy; it should be placed over the ventilation hole.

It’s very easy to check: if the sheet moves under air streams, the manual ventilation system in the cellar is installed correctly. Similarly, the one-pipe air duct system in the cellar is tested for operability.

It is crucial to prioritize insulation and heating in the construction of a comfortable and energy-efficient house. During the colder months, adequate insulation makes sure that valuable heat stays inside, and economical heating systems offer warmth without breaking the bank. In the midst of all of these factors, cellar ventilation—an often-overlooked factor—is vital. In addition to maintaining clean air, proper cellar ventilation prevents moisture buildup, which over time can result in mold, mildew, and even structural damage. Homeowners can prolong the comfort and lifespan of their property by maintaining a dry and healthy cellar environment through appropriate ventilation.

Two equipment arrangement technology with two pipes

Using two pipes, known as the supply and exhaust, to ventilate a cellar is a worthy solution for creating the required microclimate. Two pipes must be installed in order to prepare its arrangement in the basement, even at the construction level. One is used for the fresh air inflow, and the other is for the hood.

Now familiarize yourself with the prerequisites that are essential to consider when installing pipes:

• The hood should fully remove stagnant air from the basement. It is necessary to equip it in one of the corners of the room, and the lower base must be placed under the very ceiling of the cellar. The pipe should pass strictly vertically through all the premises of the house and its external end should be higher by 0.5 m above the level of the skate of the roof. It is also necessary to worry about how to prevent the appearance of condensate in the warm time, or hoarfrost in the winter period. For this, experts recommend a duct to make a sandwich panel. It is necessary to invest two pipes of different diametral section and lay the insulation between them. The difference in pipes diameters should be about 5 cm.
• Functional purpose of the supply pipe – ensuring the influx of fresh air. Set in diagonally to the exhaust pipe. The inner end of the pipe is located above the floor level of about 0.6 m. This duct may not pass through the entire structure, but be displayed at a distance of 0.8 m above the basement level.
  In order for extraneous objects or insects, the external ends of the pipes is better to protect the mosquito grid in the cellar.
• The next stage in the arrangement of the ventilation system is pipe consolidation. You can attach them to the wall of the building by means of clamps selected in accordance with the diameter section.
• It should also be taken into account when, with a sharp temperature difference, the movement of the air flow through the air ducts may increase. This leads to drafts. In order to exclude this phenomenon, it will not be superfluous to install special valves. With their help, you can subsequently regulate air circulation.

Increasing the efficiency of the ventilation system and general conclusions

The following advice will assist in implementing the project with the lowest possible costs and minimizing operating expenses:

• In order not to make significant changes to the design, the installation of such systems should be combined with general state work.

Buying various materials from the same retailer will enable you to receive additional savings.

• Even a very productive ventilation system will not be able to perform its functions if there are damp sources in the room. Moisture should be prevented by installing good waterproofing.
• In order to increase efficiency, the creation of high -quality thermal insulation will be useful.

• The installation of a deflector will help increase the speed of air flow without additional energy costs. Some devices of this type are able to increase basic performance by 15-20%.
• The natural ventilation system will work well in the entire volume of the room, if the pipes are installed at the maximum distance from each other.
• The channels for moving air must be created with a minimum number of turns, or without them at all.

Grid closure is used on the channel output.

You now know the proper way to build a cellar hood, but there were still some questions. They are typically linked to the characteristics of a particular task. Think about it in the complex to rule out errors. For instance, it is obvious that a set with fans and control automation will be more expensive. However, it is precisely this kind of solution that will enable us to most precisely create and preserve the user-determined conditions. Such expenditures are required if the cellar contains valuable goods for storage.

Long-term preservation of various items doesn’t need extra protection when there is adequate ventilation.

Keeping your cellar well-ventilated is essential to keeping it both functional and healthy. Insufficient ventilation in your cellar can lead to the growth of mold, mildew, and musty odors, which can harm your stored goods and endanger your family’s health.

Moisture control is one of the main advantages of efficient cellar ventilation. A build-up of moisture in the cellar can result in rot, structural damage, and a variety of other issues. Proper ventilation keeps your cellar dry and free from moisture-related problems by allowing fresh air to circulate and preventing condensation and humidity buildup.

Appropriate ventilation not only helps control moisture but also helps maintain a consistent temperature in the cellar. The state of stored goods like wine, canned goods, or seasonal decorations may suffer from the cellar getting too hot or too cold due to inadequate ventilation. Ventilation encourages airflow, which helps to maintain a more constant temperature and keeps your stored goods in top condition.

Additionally, ventilation is essential for avoiding the accumulation of dangerous gases like radon. Colorless and odorless, radon can enter your home through foundational fissures and openings. Radon can build up to hazardous levels in enclosed areas like cellars, endangering your family’s health. By removing and diluting radon gas, proper ventilation lowers the chance of exposure.

All things considered, investing in adequate ventilation for your cellar is crucial to keeping a safe, livable, and healthy space. Ventilation protects your family’s health and the integrity of your stored goods by managing moisture, controlling temperature, and preventing the accumulation of dangerous gases.

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