Open heating system scheme

The key to keeping our homes warm and comfortable is being aware of the heating system. An open heating system is one often employed technique. Because of its ease of use and efficiency, this system is a favorite option for a lot of homeowners. We’ll go into the fundamentals of open heating systems in this post, including how they operate and why they’re a dependable choice for home heating.

The basic idea behind an open heating system is this: heat is produced in a central area, like a boiler or furnace, and then it is transferred throughout the house using pipes or ducts. Open systems use fresh water from a continuous source, like a tank or reservoir, as opposed to closed systems, which circulate water in a closed loop. This steady stream of water guarantees effective heating and offers a steady supply of hot water when required.

The boiler is a fundamental element of an open heating system, functioning as the central nervous system. The water is heated by the boiler to the appropriate temperature and then circulated via pipes to underfloor heating systems or radiators in various rooms of the house. The water creates a cyclical process that keeps the temperature in the house constant as it releases heat into the surrounding area, cools down, and then returns to the boiler to be heated again.

Open heating systems are unique in that they are straightforward and low-maintenance. When compared to closed systems, these systems are typically easier to install and maintain because they have fewer parts and don’t require complicated mechanisms. Furthermore, open systems are frequently more resilient in the face of small leaks or malfunctions and are less vulnerable to pressure-related problems because they do not rely on sealed loops.

Open heating systems also give homeowners flexibility when it comes to fuel sources, giving them a range of options to select from according to availability and personal preference. Whether it runs on electricity, natural gas, or oil, the boiler can be customized to fit a variety of requirements and price ranges. Because of their adaptability, open systems are a sensible option for a variety of homes, both in urban and rural settings.

Design of the open heating system: the basic requirements for the scheme, components and installation

One of the most challenging tasks is designing, choosing, and installing the heating system independently. Usually, their initial goal is to make these stages less complicated. They favor an open heating system for this. Large-scale tanks, plans, and pumps: how can the ideal parameters for these heat-supply elements be accurately determined?

Features of open heating arrangement

Traditional open-heating apparatus

A closed pressure indicator and a traditional open-type heating system for a private home are not the same. It is comparable to atmospheric. Because of this, setting up this kind of heat supply needs a lot fewer parts and precise calculations. However, this does not imply that an amateurish compilation of the open heating scheme is possible.

An open expansion tank for open heating is included in the system to automatically stabilize the coolant pressure in the pipes. What separates the closed heat supply scheme from the open one is the design of this component. There are two methods by which the coolant can move:

• Due to the thermal expansion of hot water. This requires an accelerated riser. According to this scheme, an open heating system with natural circulation is designed;
• Installation of pumping equipment. It allows you to increase the speed of the coolant. The pump in the open heating system is necessary if the total length of the highways exceeds 25 m.

Furthermore, as the water moves through the pipes, the water friction indicator needs to be lowered. The latter’s diameter must be at least 30 mm in order to accomplish this. If not, there will be a decrease in natural circulation due to an increase in hydraulic resistance.

A boiler for an open heating system is the diagram’s defining element. It’s crucial to follow all installation guidelines in addition to selecting the appropriate device design and operating principle.

Even though the cost of an open heating system with a pump is much less than that of a comparable closed system, the former is more difficult to install. This needs to be considered when creating a heat source.

Selection of open heat supply scheme

Boiler installation in an open heating system

Selecting the appropriate open heating system pump scheme is crucial during the initial design phase. It is dependent upon the house’s specifications, the necessary thermal mode of operation for the heat supply, and the individual’s financial capacity.

Think about the primary factors that will directly influence the decision and additional calculations regarding the open heating system:

• Total area of heated rooms. If this characteristic is less than 60 m² – you can install a gravitational system;
• The number of storey and ceiling height. For the gravitational system, a prerequisite is the presence of accelerated flow. Without it, air may appear in the open heating system and circulation will worsen;
• Calculated thermal operating mode. For low -temperature, an open heating system with a circulation pump is used. Otherwise, a slight expansion of water will not create the necessary circulation.

You cannot determine whether to install an open-type heating system with or without a pump until you have thoroughly examined these indicators and computed the amount of heat loss in the home.

The best method is to use specialized programs to calculate the building’s thermal losses. They provide free demo versions of their products.

Gravity heating system

The main difference between the gravitational and the rest is the complete absence of any mechanisms for forced movement of fluid through the pipes. T.e. This process is carried out only due to the temperature expansion of hot water.

It is essential to have an overclocking riser for the heat supply to function properly. It is positioned vertically and mounted right after the boiler. It ought to be at least 3.5 meters tall. The heated liquid for the open heating system that emerges from the boiler will not move quickly enough if this requirement is not met.

Apart from this element, the following details must be considered when setting up an open heating system with natural circulation:

• Mandatory bias of pipes. The supply of the highway from the riser should be tilted towards heating devices. Reverse – to the boiler. Tilt level – 1 cm per meter;
• The boiler is located at the lowest point of the circuit;
• For normal operation, open -type expansion tanks are needed for heating systems. They are also mounted for compulsory circulation schemes.

It is not advised to install an electric boiler for an open gravitational heating system. similar to an analog of gas. This is because air plugs have a high chance of forming and can cause the heat exchanger to overheat.

In order to optimize the open heating scheme with natural circulation, the accelerated riser pipe diameter should be one size smaller than the main line section.

Forced circulation in heating

Pump-equipped Open Scheme

Private home and cottage owners have been updating their heating systems lately, adding just one new part—the pump. Its purpose is to enhance the coolant’s circulation.

An open heating system with a circulation pump is typically configured similarly to what is described above. Selecting the ideal location for the pump’s installation is crucial. Prior to entering the heating boiler, it is installed on a return pipe. The ideal separation is one and a half meters.

Pump unit scheme

The following factors need to be considered for this open heating scheme:

• The pump is installed on the bypass. This is necessary to ensure water circulation in the event of a breakdown or turning off electricity;
• The check valve is necessarily mounted. It will prevent the appearance of the reverse circulation effect;
• During installation, the direction of movement of the coolant is taken into account.

One benefit of utilizing the pump and open-type heating circuit is that the system’s inertia is decreased. Radiators will heat up more quickly as a result of the increased circulation of batteries.

The pressure and performance of a circulation pump in an open heating circuit should be computed.

Open heating system equipment

Minimal amount of heating apparatus

Other parts of the open heating system should be chosen in addition to the pump. Making the right decision will affect the overall heat supply scheme’s efficacy and performance.

The rated power of the open heating system must first be determined for accurate computation. If the building has adequate thermal insulation, you can use the ratio that 10 m² of area is needed for every kW of thermal energy. By using specialized programs, calculations can be made with greater accuracy. With their assistance, you can determine the ideal properties of its constituent parts and create an accurate open heat supply scheme.

The following components are required for the heating system’s minimal configuration:

• Boiler;
• Expansion tank;
• Pipelines;
• Radiators and batteries.

Prerequisites for the previous two low. Polymer pipes are most frequently used to organize the heat supply. However, professionals advise against using an accelerated riser with steel pipe. This is because the open-type heating system for a private home has a high temperature in this area.

The majority of polymer pipe models are made to operate at temperatures no greater than +90 °C. This needs to be considered when setting up the system.

Choosing an open heating boiler

Boiler types for open heating

It is imperative to issue a warning before installing gas or electric boilers for an open heating system. The system frequently experiences air traffic jams, which have a detrimental impact on equipment performance and may even result in emergencies. Thus, the only options left are solid fuel models or boilers that run on diesel fuel.

Boiler installation needs to be done in compliance with all regulations. It’s in a different room that’s not big enough to store fuel. There needs to be forced air circulation in the boiler room. Installing sandwich dummies is recommended to maximize equipment performance.

In addition to these elements, the boiler of the open heat supply system must meet certain requirements in order to function normally:

• You can not install long -burning boilers. They are designed for a low -temperature mode of operation of the system. In this case, the expansion of the coolant will not be enough for circulation;
• If a pumping group is not installed in the system, a separate installation of a check valve is required;
• The boiler in the open -type heat supply system for a private house should be located at the lowest point of the scheme.

In the event that the equipment lacks a temperature sensor, one should install one on its own. It is mounted on the supply pipe directly after the boiler to ensure measurement accuracy.

Installing an air vent won’t help with the problem of removing air from an open heating system. It is only functional when the system pressure is higher than atmospheric.

Expressive tanks for an open system

The expansion tank’s design and installation plan

Installing an expansion tank is required for open heating in order to offset the coolant’s thermal expansion and provide timely level control. Perched at the pinnacle of the structure, it is capable of handling multiple tasks concurrently.

First, the ideal open-type expansion tank volume for heating systems is determined. It ought to represent at least 5% of the system’s total coolant volume. Three pipes in the standard design serve the following purposes:

• Incoming pipe. With its help, an expansion tank is connected to an open heating system. Usually its diameter is 1 size smaller than that of the acceleration riser to which installation is performed. Therefore, an adapter is necessary;
• Circulation pipe. Through it, hot water flows further along the highway;
• Signal pipe. It is necessary to notify a critical reduction in the level of the coolant. When opening a tap, there is no water from it – the system should be supplemented.

Techniques for adding a tank to expand

An open heat supply expansion tank can also be upgraded. It can occasionally carry out the duties of the recharge unit. An extra pipe that is connected to the water supply is needed for this. You can immediately replenish the system by opening shut-off valves when there is a significant drop in the amount of hot water.

The expansion tank can be installed in a number of ways. An open-type heat pump can be installed on an elongated riser. Due to the extremely low effectiveness of such a scheme, this option is rarely used. For prompt heating state control, the expansion tank is typically mounted atop a nearly riser.

Polymer materials cannot be used in the construction of expansion tanks. The best material for this is steel.

DIY open heating installation

Heating in a two-story building

You can start the installation after choosing all of the parts and correctly calculating the open heat supply system. It is advised to first create a diagram showing the locations of each element along with their technical specifications.

Establish the pipe wiring scheme first. It may be any of the following kinds:

• One -pipe. In it, devices are connected to the system sequentially. Advantages – simple installation, minimum consumables. Disadvantages – rapid cooler of the coolant;
• Two -pipe. The reverse highway is mounted for the removal of cooled water. Thus, it is possible to optimize thermal distribution throughout the system.

In any event, heat supply systems must have an open-type expansion tank installed. Tees are erected to allow pipelines to branch. There is no application of collector schemes for an open heating system with a pump.

It is ideal to complete tasks during the summer. Pipeline installation calls for extra care because the angle of inclination must be observed. The circulation of hot water may significantly deteriorate if this parameter has an insufficient value.

You can become acquainted with the details of forced and natural circulation heating in the video:

Open heating system: the principle of operation of such a scheme + review of the strengths/weaknesses

The pump does not need to be used in addition for the open-type heating system to function fully.

We are talking about cold and hot water, and the difference in density causes the coolant to circulate through the pipes.

The boiler, expansion tank, radiators, and pipes—the essential components of the open heating system—are all clearly visible in the diagram.

The system’s design is simple and comprises multiple primary components:

• solid fuel, gas, diesel heating boiler – you should choose the best option;
• cast iron or steel radiators;
• steel expansion tank;
• Pipes.

The well-known laws of physics form the foundation of the action principle. As the water in the boiler heats up, high pressure causes it to shoot through the pipes and into the lower pressure zone. She makes her way back to the boiler, cooing as she goes past each radiator. It is common knowledge that heated substances expand, and water is no exception. Due to this, an expansion tank that balances the excess coolant is a necessary component of the open-type system. It is not appropriate to seal him. Although it is not necessary, there are ways to use the pump. To remove air, an inher crane is required.

The entire scheme can be split into two sections conditionally. The coolant is first heated and then moved through pipes and radiators in a process known as "feed." It cools down and is then returned to the boiler in a process known as "return."

Characteristics of the open scheme:

• The expansion tank should be above the rest of the system;
• The larger the diameter of the pipes, the better the circulation;
• water is a more desirable coolant than antifreeze;
• water evaporates, so you should observe its level.

Will there be independent installation on the teeth?

It is not necessary to have extensive experience or specialized knowledge to install an open-type heating system. The first thing that is installed is a boiler, which can be floor or hinged. The type of boiler chosen will rely on how easily it can be placed and how strong it is in the heated room.

The total area of the house determines the heating system’s component sizes and power.

Then figure out and fit the radiators. They can be swapped out for an incredibly easy solution: an 8–10 cm diameter pipe that runs around the outside of the entire house and back to the boiler. The coolant will circulate more freely with a slight pipe tilt. Based on a basic schematic, the tank is situated adjacent to the boiler on the return, but it must be elevated above the remaining apparatus.

An additional choice is a vertical single-pipe circuit that necessitates the installation of an expansion tank in the attic. In order to prevent the tank from freezing during the winter, the attic should first be insulated.

Crucial! It’s important to make sure the expansion tank’s value is calculated accurately. A pipe with insufficient volume will simply burst because it cannot withstand high pressure.

Selection of components

Boiler. The perfect place for installing the boiler is a separate room, quite spacious (for convenience of maintenance) and having access to fresh air. The flooring should be made of fire material, for example, concrete. Having calculated the area of the house, you can determine the necessary power of the boiler. He can work on coal, gas, wood, diesel fuel.

The boiler needs to be kept in a different, roomy space.

• Radiators. Types of radiators: steel, bimetallic, cast -iron, aluminum. The most popular are steel. They should be mounted at a distance of 3-5 cm from the wall, no less. The traditional place of installation is under the window so that they serve as a barrier for cold air from the street. The most convenient height is 40-60 cm so that the gaps remain: from above-to the window, from below-to the floor. The length can be any, depending on the area of the room. For example, for a bedroom 15m² is enough radiator 100 cm long.
• Pipes. Copper pipes are relative to the road, steel since time are covered with rust, so almost everyone choose plastic. Diameter – 25 mm, 32 mm. The number of pipes depends on the type of system – one -pipe or two -pipe. As a rule, they are not built into the wall, but carried out in an open way – directly above the floor. Pipes are cut into segments convenient for installation and connected with a boiler, an expansion tank and radiators.
• Expansion tank. Its location is in the attic or near the boiler. It should be remembered how the volume of the tank with the size of the system as a whole is correlated: it should not be less than 5% of the volume of the entire system. For a one -story private house, a tank of at least 8 liters is needed, but it is better to purchase with a margin – 15 liters.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Start by focusing on the advantages: the continued use of this system is not insignificant.

1. Simplicity of the scheme. It has long been known: the simpler the device, the more trouble -free it acts and the faster you can cope with the breakdown.
2. Equipment functioning, despite the lack of power supply. The heat in the house depends only on the presence of gas.
3. Simplicity of installation. Prepared parts can be collected within one day.
4. Quick entry into the operating mode, no less fast stop. The beginning and end of the system depends on the turning/off of the boiler.
5. Low cost of component parts.

Of course, there are drawbacks to the open heating system scheme. There will always be a user who dislikes some features or aspects of the equipment.

For instance, a lot of people don’t arrange big components and the system as a whole. It can be challenging to arrange the equipment so that it doesn’t obstruct comfortable living in a small structure.

The total volume of the heating system determines the volume of the open expansion tank.

Radiators and pipes may occasionally suffer corrosion as a result of an open expansion tank.

Crucial! The liquid in the tank that is evaporating needs to be monitored closely. The overheating of pipes is caused by air falling into them. A 1-2 cm thick layer of oil on water is one solution to this issue.

Supporters of the closed system assert that the open type has significantly lower efficiency and is therefore less effective.

Open heating system: schematic schemes and developmental features

The open heating system’s affordability, ease of installation, and adequate efficiency have kept it popular. Once you’ve taken care of the installation guidelines, equipment, and operation principle, you should be able to manage the home’s heating system independently. The most important thing is to design a heating scheme that is efficient and to adhere to the technological standards and guidelines when selecting and wiring the system’s components.

It’s important to comprehend the basic idea behind the open heating system scheme in your home. In essence, an open heating system warms your house by heating water in a boiler and circulating it through radiators or underfloor pipes. Open systems, as opposed to closed ones, enable water to be added from an expansion and feed tank, keeping the water level steady. They are simpler to install and maintain because of this, but if improperly cared for, they are also more vulnerable to corrosion and scale buildup. To maintain a warm, comfortable home all year round and to keep your open heating system operating at peak performance, regular inspections and maintenance are necessary.

System"s equipment and principle of operation

A liquid acts as a bridge in the water heating system, transferring thermal energy from the boiler installation to the radiators. Long distances can be covered by the coolant circulation, which heats homes and other buildings in various locations. This explains why water heat supply has become so widely used.

Without the pump, the open-type heating system can function as intended. Thermodynamic principles underpin the coolant circulation process. The gradient of the pipe laid and the difference in density between hot and cold liquids cause the water to flow through the pipes.

Because warm water has a lower density than cold water, hydrostatic pressure builds up in the system. Hot water is forced toward radiators.

An open expansion tank, which allows excess heated coolant to enter, is a crucial component of the system. The tank is responsible for the automatic stabilization of fluid pressure. The capacity is positioned above every system component.

There are two conditional stages to the entire "open heat supply" operation process:

1. Innings. Warm coolant moves from the boiler to radiators.
2. Return. Excess warm water enters the expansion tank, cools and returns to the boiler.

In one-pipe systems, a single highway serves both the function and return function; in two-pipe schemes, the supply and reverse pipes are separate from one another.

For independent installation, the one-pipe scheme is thought to be the most straightforward and cost-effective. The system’s architecture is simple.

The following components make up a one-pipe heat supply:

• boiler;
• radiators;
• expansion tank;
• Pipes.

Some people opt not to install radiators and instead surround the outside of their homes with an 8–10 cm diameter pipe. Experts point out that there is a decrease in the system’s efficiency and operation with this solution.

Diagram of an energy-dependent open-type gravitational single-pipe system. Purchasing pipes, fittings, and equipment doesn’t have to be expensive. Working with various types of boilers is feasible.

The device and implementation costs are higher for the two-pipe heating option. Nevertheless, the elimination of common flaws in single-pipe systems fully offsets the structure’s costs and complexity. Nearly simultaneously, all of the devices receive the same temperature coolant; the cooled water is collected by the reverse line and does not flow into the next battery.

The supply and return lines are set up in a two-pipe heating circuit so that the system temperature supplies coolant at a constant temperature to every point, and the cooled water gathers and directs the return to the boiler—the line that is independent of the supply (+)—in order to maintain each device.

Democence and operation requirements

Several aspects of the open heating system should be taken into account when installing the heat supply at home:

1. To ensure normal circulation, the installation of the boiler is performed in the lowest place of the highway, and the expansion tank at the highest point.
2. The optimal place for placing an expansion tank is the attic. In the cold season, the container and the supply riser within the unheated attic must be insulated.
3. The laying of the highway is performed with a minimum number of turns, connecting and shaped parts.
4. In the gravitational heating system, water circulates slowly (0.1-0.3 m/s), therefore, heating should occur gradually. Boiling cannot be allowed – this accelerates the wear of radiators and pipes.
5. If the heating system is not used in winter, then the liquid must be drained – this measure will preserve the whole pipes, radiators and boiler.
6. The level of the coolant in the expansion tank must be controlled and periodically replenished. Otherwise, air traffic jams arise in the highway that reduce the efficiency of radiators.
7. Water – optimal coolant. Antifreeze is toxic, it is not recommended to be used in systems that have free contact with the atmosphere. Its use is advisable if it is not possible to drain the coolant in the unheated period.

The section calculation and pipeline slope are given special consideration. Design guidelines governed by SNiP 2.04.01-85.

The cross-sectional area of the pipe is larger in the coolant contours with gravitational movement than in pumping circuits, but the pipeline’s overall length is nearly half as long. The system’s horizontal sections have a slope of two to three millimeters per linear meter, which is only set up when the heat supply is installed and allows for the coolant’s natural movement.

Failure to adhere to the gradient When installing systems that allow the coolant to naturally flow, pipes may be imported and radiators that are far from the boiler may not receive enough heat. Heat efficiency consequently declines.

Types of open heat supply schemes

There are two ways in which the coolant moves in the open circuit of the heating system. A natural or gravitational circulation is the first option; an artificial or forced pump motivation is the second. The number of stories, the size of the building, and the purported thermal regime all influence the scheme selection.

Natural circulation in heating

The gravitational system lacks a mechanism to guarantee the coolant’s flow. The only method used to complete the process is expanding hot water. An accelerated riser with a minimum height of 3.5 meters is provided for the scheme’s operation.

You run the risk of the coolant coming from the boiler not developing enough speed if you don’t install a vertical transit riser.

For buildings up to 60 kV/m2, a natural circulation heat supply system is the best option. A highway with a maximum length of 30 meters is thought to be the maximum contour that can produce heat. The building’s height and the number of storeys inside are crucial factors that determine whether or not an accelerated riser can be installed. The low-temperature application mode is not appropriate for the natural circulation scheme. Inadequate coolant expansion will result in improper system pressure.

The potential outcomes of a gravity plan:

1. Connection to warm floors. On the water circuit leading to the floor, the circulation pump is mounted. The rest of the system operates in normal mode. When the electricity is turned off, the house will continue to heat up.
2. Working with a boiler. The heating device is mounted at the top of the system – slightly below the expansion tank.

You can install the pump to guarantee that the boiler runs continuously. At that point, the scheme for producing and supplying heat automatically falls into the category of forced options. A check valve that stops the coolant from circulating is also installed.

Forced system with pump

The pump is designed to speed up the coolant and shorten the time it takes to heat the space. The water flow velocity rises to 0.3–0.7 m/s. The highway’s branches warm up uniformly as the heat transfer intensity increases.

Pumping schemes come in both closed and open designs. The expansion tank is situated at the system’s highest point in open contours. Because the pump is there, you can extend and raise the pipeline from the heating boiler to the batteries (+)

Significant facets of the forced system’s structure include:

1. Scheme with an integrated energy -dependent pump. So that the heating of the room does not stop when the electricity is turned off, the pumping equipment is placed on the bypas.
2. The pump is installed before entering the boiler on the return pipe. Distance to the boiler – 1.5 m.
3. When installing the pump, the direction of water movement is taken into account.

On the return are mounted an obved knee with a circulation pump and two cutting-off taps. The network’s taps close when there is current flowing through them, allowing the pump to move the coolant. The system will be rebuilt to allow for natural circulation if the valves are opened in the event that there is no voltage.

The check valve needs to be installed on the supply pipeline. The element is positioned right after the boiler to stop coolant from circulating while the pump is running.

Pipe wiring options in the system

The placement of heating components and connecting pipes affects the heat supply system’s effectiveness, aesthetics, and efficiency. The layout of the house and its design elements influence the wiring selection.

Specificity of one -pipe and two -pipe schemes

There are various ways that heated water enters the boiler and exits the radiators. One high-diameter highway supplies the coolant in a single-circuit system. Every radiator has the pipeline passing through it.

The benefits of a self-cycling single-pipe system include:

• minimum consumption of materials;
• ease of installation;
• Limited number of pipes inside the dwelling.

The uneven heating of heating radiators is the primary disadvantage of the scheme wherein one pipe serves as both the submission and return functions. The further away batteries are from the boiler, the less intensely they heat and transfer heat.

The final battery may be totally useless if there are many radiators and a lengthy wiring chain. It is advised that hot heating appliances be placed in the bedrooms, children’s rooms, and rooms on the north side.

The two-pipe heating scheme waits its turn with assurance. Radiators join the supply and reverse pipelines. Between the batteries and the heat source, local rings form.

The principal benefits of the system are:

• All heating devices are evenly heated;
• the ability to adjust the heating of each radiator separately;
• Reliability of the operation of the scheme.

A double-circuit system necessitates high labor and investment costs. It will be more challenging to install two communication branches in building structures.

The two-pipe system is simple to balance, guaranteeing that all heating devices receive coolant at the same temperature. The room’s rooms heat up uniformly.

Upper and lower heat generator supply

Make a distinction between the upper and lower eyeliners based on where the highway supplying hot coolant is located.

Air diverting devices are not necessary in open heating systems with upper wiring. It dumps its excesses through the expansion tank’s surface (+)

Warm water is transferred into radiators through the dividing pipelines as it rises along the main riser during the upper wiring. Installing a heating system of this kind is recommended for private homes and one- and two-story cottages.

It is very practical to have the heat supply system with lower wiring. Positioned beneath, adjacent to the return, is the supply pipe. the coolant moving up from the bottom in this direction. Water is sent to the heating boiler through the opposite pipeline after passing through the radiators. Maevsky cranes are installed in batteries in order to extract air from the roadway.

It is necessary to use air devices in heating systems with lower wiring; the most basic of these is the Maevsky crane.

Vertical and horizontal risers

The pipeline can be wired vertically or horizontally, depending on the type of riser and its location. All floor radiators in the first version are wired to risers that are positioned vertically.

When designing a home with two, three, or more stories and an attic where the pipeline can be installed and insulated, vertical wiring is utilized (+)

What makes "vertical" systems unique:

• lack of air traffic jams;
• Suitable for heat supply of high -rise buildings;
• poetry connection to the riser;
• the difficulties of installing apartment heat meters in multi -storey buildings.

Radiators on one floor can be connected to a single riser using horizontal wiring. The circuit’s benefit is that the device uses fewer pipes, which lowers installation costs.

Most often, one- and two-story rooms use horizontal risers. The system’s configuration matters in panel-frame homes and wall-free residential structures.

Arrangement of the gravitational heating line

It is preferable to give the gravity system project’s development to experts—vehicles. The type of heating, how to connect radiators and circulate coolant, suggested equipment specifications, the quantity of radiators, and the pipeline meter must all be specified in the document.

Calculation of the heat supply system

The system’s hydraulic properties must be ascertained since they will be crucial in determining the ideal pipeline diameter down the road.

It is advised to install the boiler in the basement or lower level for natural heating systems. This enables you to extend the transit riser’s length.

In order to determine the value of circulation pressure (RC), the following information is required:

1. Distance from the center of the heating boiler to the center of the radiator (h). The greater the distance between these devices, the more stable the circulation.
2. The pressure of cooled (RO) and heated (PR) water.

The only factor affecting circulation pressure is the coolant’s temperature differential. Tabular data can be used to find accurate indicators.

The pressure in the highway increases with the coolant’s temperature differential. As a result, monitoring the "incoming" fluid temperature is crucial.

There is an impact on the kind of material. The steel pipe needs to have a minimum diameter of 50 mm. The highway’s cross section narrows by one size after branching. In contrast, the return is combined with the ensuing expansion.

The expansion tank’s volume is given special consideration. The tank’s dimensions must not be less than five percent of the system’s total coolant volume. If the requirement is not followed, water will drain from the system or pipes may gust.

Selection of the main components

It is preferable to select a solid fuel or fuel oil boiler for an open system. Gas equipment and electric boats cannot be installed. On occasion, air traffic jams occur on the highway; these can result in an emergency.

The heater’s power is calculated using the following formula: 1 kW of heat energy per 10 kV.m. at home. A value addition of 10–30% is made to the result, contingent on the room’s insulation quality.

The boiler is situated in a different room with forced air circulation. Equipment is placed on a concrete floor or a material that resists fire.

Steel should be used for the gravitational type heating system’s expansion tank. Using polymeric materials is strongly discouraged. An 8–15 liter reservoir is adequate for heating a modest one-story home.

An incoming and outgoing pipe, a circulation pipe, a signal float, a case, an extract for air flow, a drain, and a standard expansion tank design are all included.

Pipes made of the following materials are used to outfit the pipeline:

1. Steel. Are characterized by high thermal conductivity and resistance to high pressure. Disadvantage – the complexity of installation and the need to engage in welding equipment.
2. Polypropylene. Main advantages: resistance to temperature fluctuations, strength, tightness and ease of installation. Service life – 25 years.
3. Metal -plastic. The material is not amenable to corrosion, prevents the clogging of the contour. Disadvantages of the highway: limited life (up to 15 years) and high cost.
4. Copper. Pipes with maximum heat transfer and resistance to high temperatures – up to +500 ° C. The main minus is the high cost of material.

Metals with exceptional strength should be used to make radiators in open heat supply circuits. the most widely used steel models. Their appearance, price, and thermal power are all in the ideal proportions.

Convectors and steel radiators are comparable because of their thin walls, light weight, and high heat transfer efficiency. The equipment’s increased air movement causes the rooms to warm up quickly.

Stages of installation of an open system

There are multiple steps involved in setting up a gravitational heating system:

1. Installation of the boiler. The equipment is fixed on the floor surface or suspended on the wall. The choice of the method depends on the dimensions of the boiler.
2. Stiring the pipeline according to the selected scheme and the developed project. It is important to observe the recommended angle of the pipe circuit slope.
3. Installation of heating radiators and connecting them to the system.
4. Installation of the expansion tank and its insulation.
5. Connection of all elements, checking the tightness of the joints and the starting launch of the system.

Installing a temperature sensor is advised to regulate the heat supply system’s efficiency after the boiler on the supply pipe.

It is best to install the heating system during the warm season. The commissioning and highway arrangement will take roughly a week.

Features of the assembly of the forced scheme

The right pump must be chosen and "cut" into the heating highway in order for the forced system to justify itself and operate as intended.

The choice of circulation pump

The device’s power and pressure are the two primary determining factors when selecting pumping equipment. The area of the heated room is what determines these features.

• for houses at 250 kV.m Suitable the pump power of which is 3.5 cubic meters.m/h, and the pressure – 0.4 atm.;
• in rooms in size 250-350 kV.m installed a device for 4.5 cubic meters.m/h with pressure 0.6 atm.;
• If the area of the house is 350-800 kV.m, it is advisable to purchase a pump with a capacity of 11 cubic meters.m/h, the pressure of which is at least 0.8 atm.

Experts choose their boilers more carefully, considering factors like boiler type, pipe diameter, manufacturing material, number and kind of radiators, and heating system length.

Installation of the pump in the highway

To ensure that coolant that isn’t too hot passes through the device, the pump is mounted on the return. On the submitting highway, contemporary models made of stable, heat-resistant materials can be installed.

There should be no disruption to water circulation once the pump is "inserted." It is crucial that the hydrostatic pressure stays excessive throughout the entire highway when the pumping unit is in operation.

There are four valid heating system circuits with an open-type expansion tank and pumping circulation. The proper level of hydrostatic pressure is maintained.

Putting the expansion reservoir up. a straightforward method for forcing a natural circulation system to change. You will need a high attic room to carry out the project.

Option 2: Shifting the tank to a riser that is far away. There is no justification for the arduous process of rebuilding the previous system and building a new one. There are easier and more effective ways to do this.

3. The expressive tank pipe that is next to the pump pipe. The reservoir must be disconnected from the feeding line and connected to the return, which is behind the circulation pump, in order to alter the type of circulation.

Option 4: The supply line includes the pump. The simplest method for reassembling the system. The pump’s unfavorable operating conditions are the method’s drawback. Not every gadget can tolerate extreme heat.

Component	Description
Boiler	Heats water which flows through the system
Radiators	Distribute heat throughout the house
Pipes	Connect the boiler to the radiators
Pump	Circulates hot water through the system

It is crucial for comfort, economy, and environmental sustainability that your home has effective insulation and heating. Investigating the open heating system scheme offers insightful information about how to maximize your heating configuration. With a basic understanding of this system, homeowners are able to make well-informed decisions regarding their heating infrastructure.

The basic idea behind the open heating system is that the living areas are heated by circulating heated water through radiators or underfloor heating pipes, which are heated in a central boiler. Open systems, as opposed to closed ones, enable constant water flow, resulting in even heat distribution throughout the house. Because of their simplicity, homeowners will have less trouble and overall expenses when installing and maintaining them.

The adaptability of the open heating system scheme is one of its main benefits. Regardless of whether you’re building a new home or remodeling an old one, this system can be customized to fit different heating needs and architectural styles. Its ability to work with renewable energy sources, like solar thermal panels, also supports contemporary eco-friendly initiatives by lowering carbon emissions and dependency on fossil fuels.

The open scheme does, however, have some limitations and considerations, just like any other heating system. An effective insulation system is essential to reduce heat loss and maximize efficiency. To guarantee peak performance and longevity, routine upkeep and observation are also required. Additionally, homeowners need to be aware of possible safety risks like system leaks or corrosion.

To sum up, the open heating system scheme provides a workable and adaptable way to heat and insulate residential buildings. It is an appealing alternative for homeowners looking for efficient and environmentally friendly heating solutions because of its simplicity, versatility, and compatibility with renewable energy sources. Homeowners can establish a cozy and energy-efficient living space for many years to come by comprehending it and attending to its needs.

Video on the topic

one -traffic heating, open type, electric boiler.