Horizontal wiring of the heating system in an apartment building

The heating system is essential to maintaining the coziness and comfort of our homes. The layout and implementation of heating systems are even more important in apartment buildings since many units share common utilities. Horizontal wiring is one technique that is becoming more and more popular due to its effectiveness and space-saving advantages.

The heating system is laid out in a flat, horizontal configuration using horizontal wiring, usually inside an apartment building’s floors or ceilings. In contrast, vertical installations use pipes that travel up and down the structure of the building. Builders can achieve more uniform heating throughout the building and maximize space utilization by positioning the heating elements horizontally.

Reducing heat loss is one of the main benefits of horizontal wiring in apartment buildings. As a result of the system’s shorter pipe lengths and fewer vertical connections, there is less chance that heat will escape before entering individual living spaces. The building owner and tenants can save money thanks to this efficiency, which also helps to reduce energy consumption.

Furthermore, horizontal wiring provides more installation and maintenance flexibility. Without upsetting occupants or endangering the structure, technicians can readily inspect and repair the system because the pipes are usually accessible within the floors or ceilings. This accessibility facilitates faster troubleshooting and repairs in the event of malfunctions in addition to streamlining routine maintenance tasks.

In addition, zoned heating is made possible by horizontal wiring, giving residents more control over how warm each apartment is. The building’s heating zones are separated so that residents can change the temperature to their liking without affecting other areas. This personalized heating reduces needless heating in empty spaces, which not only improves comfort but also encourages energy conservation.

In summary, horizontal wiring provides an effective and workable solution for apartment building heating systems. Through the optimization of space utilization, reduction of heat loss, and facilitation of easier maintenance, this approach guarantees cost-effectiveness and comfort for building owners and residents.

Vertical and horizontal wiring of the heating system

The kind of heating system in a home or apartment directly affects the amount of heat supply. The horizontal heating systems with one or two pipes are the most popular designs.

Types of wiring

The heating system’s device

Every apartment’s heating system is connected in accordance with a specific scheme. The wiring in the pipeline may be horizontal or vertical.

The primary sunbed passes through the basement in the first instance. Smaller diameter pisces, which are connected to the apartment’s pipes and radiators, leave it. The primary benefits of vertical wiring are its affordability and ease of use.

Vertical wiring

An upper or lower wiring can be used in a one-pipe vertical system. Each species has unique physical characteristics. The supply pipeline is installed in the attic or on the technical floor when a single-pipe vertical system with upper wiring of the pipes is being installed. The apartments are supplied with coolant via a series of risers that are connected sequentially from a sunbed.

A system like that is static. It won’t operate if you scale it by installing regulators and adjusting the number of radiators. Although installing a lot of heating devices is necessary, it can save pipes during installation. Single-pipe vertical systems work well for projects that allow the coolant to circulate naturally.

A feed pipeline and a return are features of a two-pipe system with lower wiring. They are placed either on the floor’s surface or within it, like in the screed. When using this kind of system, the coolant gets into each battery on its own. Not without subtleties and a plan like this. There needs to be a crane on each radiator so that air can be lowered.

Two-pipe systems are part of adjustable schemes, in contrast to single-pipe systems. This kind of communication design lets you turn off any heating device connected to the network. They do not have radiators, but the pipeline will be substantially longer overall than in a single-pipe scheme. There is another subtlety to the two-pipe system in apartment buildings. In this location, installing a single heat meter is nearly impossible. Additionally, first-floor residents benefit most from the use of common-house heat meters.

Horizontal wiring

The supply riser that runs through every floor is the foundation of horizontal wiring. Separate apartments receive heat from suns that are connected to the riser. Because there is a significant amount of heat loss at the riser when using horizontal wiring, care must be taken to insulate it. In mines with specialized equipment, risers are frequently installed to minimize heat loss as much as possible.

Single-pipe systems are only useful for heating a limited number of buildings. Therefore, they are hardly ever mounted in residential buildings. A two-pipe horizontal system is ideal for providing heat to apartment buildings.

In general, the process of installing a two-pipe heating system is as follows:

• The supply pipe and return are laid from the main feeding riser for each floor, and radiators are connected.
• On all radiators, without exception, shut -off valves is mounted.

The ability to phase in or out of heat is a significant benefit of the plan. You can place sunbeds in the screed flooring. Radiators with a lower connection can be used with this kind of arrangement. All of this has an impact on apartments’ aesthetic appeal in addition to their ability to supply heat. It is impossible to overlook another crucial detail: the ability to install individual heat meters.

Despite all of its clear benefits, the system is not flawless. The challenge is in having to install compensators along a sizable portion of the highway’s alignment. Because shut-off valves and air cranes must be installed on every radiator, without exception, the system’s overall operation is also difficult.

Collective wiring

Wiring diagram for heating in a private residence

It is noteworthy to mention another widely used wiring scheme, which is a two-pipe collector poetry system, separately. The installation of the feed and reverse collectors on every floor accounts for its uniqueness. Similar to the previously mentioned option, a standard feed riser serves as the system’s central component. It is acceptable to install multiple risers in a home with a large number of users. Each floor has two supply and reverse collectors installed, and pipelines already run from them to the radiators carrying coolant.

The collector poetry scheme has a substantial pipeline length in contrast to traditional options. The installation of a project of this nature is more costly than standard options because the circuit is installed using metal and plastic pipes.

Crucial! In spite of this limitation, collector schemes are easier to use and far more effective than other options in terms of operational features. Because of this, they are becoming more and more common in both single-family and multi-story construction.

A two-pipe collector system ensures that every room receives the same amount of heat. It is important to keep in mind the single-pipe scheme’s operating principle for comparison. They have a single pipe for both the supply and exhaust of heat, and their radiators are connected in parallel. The coolant cools down as the pipeline passes through it. Therefore, the water in the radiators will be colder and will be below the room’s air temperature the farther away the radiators are from the supply pipe. Regulators cannot be installed in these types of connection schemes. It is therefore impossible to obtain consistent heating, even within the same apartment.

By using two-pipe schemes, you can reduce this disadvantage. The return system releases the cooled coolant. Since water does not cool when it moves from one radiator to another, the temperature will be roughly the same in every room. The apartment’s most comfortable microclimate is created by these thermal indicators. It is important to remember that these systems allow temperature controllers to be installed. And this results in savings and frugal spending of money in addition to comfort. Installing a costly collector scheme typically pays for itself in two to three heating seasons.

Features of the collector scheme

The process of installing heating systems

The following are significant variations between two -pipe radiation (collector) systems:

• The flexibility and scalability of the scheme.
• The ability to install thermostat on each radiator.
• The need to ensure forced circulation of the coolant using circulation pumps.
• Each circuit is a separate system that has additional equipment and automation.
• The installation of air detergents on radiators is not required.
• High reliability of the system, reducing the number of accidents and leaks.
• High resistance to hydraulic boards.

1. Questions of aesthetics

We could spend a great deal of time discussing the operational and financial benefits of horizontal two-pipe collector systems, but there is one more benefit that should not be overlooked: aesthetics. Comfort is something that modern man values. If not with the designer’s help, then at least with the newest design trends, even low-cost repairs are completed. The apartment’s riser system is ill-suited to the contemporary style. The problem of risers in older homes is compounded by a serious issue: persistent leaks that can destroy even the most expensive and well-planned repair.

The process of installing heating systems

All pipelines are installed in the floor screed in two pipe collector schemes. Not only do they not detract from the apartment, but they are also completely invisible. Modern materials, such as plastic and metal, make it possible to lay pipes in a screed. They are impervious to corrosion, unafraid of freezing temperatures, and even coolant freezing.

Because heat regulators can be installed, horizontal radiation schemes also give you the opportunity to provide extremely high levels of comfort in every room. Depending on the outside weather, the house’s temperature is controlled. As a result, the system has a high energy efficiency.

Conclusion

The best option among all the heat cave installation schemes currently in use is a horizontal radial two-pipe system. It is growing in popularity in both multi-story and private home construction, despite the higher installation costs. One reason for collector schemes’s enduring appeal is their exceptional technical, operational, economic, and aesthetic metrics.

Heating systems with horizontal pipe wiring

The topic of a widespread switch from vertical to horizontal heating systems is currently being discussed. Such systems allow for the maintenance of accurate control and thermal consumption accounting. Reviewing the primary varieties of horizontal heating systems makes sense in this context.

The lower wiring of the supply pipeline is shown in the diagram of a two-pipe heating system with pumping water circulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of horizontal pipes wiring

Two-pipe horizontal heating systems offer many advantages over vertical pipe wiring heating systems, particularly when it comes to apartment owners’ operational convenience. These are the best designs for modern multi-story buildings.

Figure 1. A heating system with two pipes.

Apartments with horizontal wiring can limit residents’ ability to independently increase the power of heating devices and account for each apartment’s unique thermal consumption. Similar heating designs offer several noteworthy benefits, even with the higher cost of some system components:

1. The operating service can disable only one apartment, for example, in the event of an accident or if necessary, replacing heating devices,.
2. Can be equipped with water meters of heat, which makes it possible to establish the most economical parameters of microclimate. For example, with a long absence, you can reduce the temperature in the room and save energy.
3. The wiring is independent of other apartments, therefore it is possible to individually design the heating of the apartment, depending on the wishes of the owner of this room. In addition, the hidden gasket and the absence of risers in the apartment are able to significantly improve the appearance of the room.
4. The maintainability of the heating system. Hidden gasket in the corrugation will make it possible, if necessary, to replace the pipe section that was damaged without opening the floor or wall structure.
5. The service of the apartment system is approximately 2 times higher due to the materials that are used (the estimated period of the service of a similar system is approximately 50 years). The use of this system is more expedient to.

Figure 2: A horizontal heating system with two pipes.

A two-pipe heating system, in which radiators can be connected to pipes in a straight line (supplying water into the radiator) or in reverse (radiators returning water), eliminates all the drawbacks of the one-pipe system. Installing identical radiators and modifying the quantity of heat carrier that each one receives—which can be done manually or automatically using thermal regulators—are both possible with a system like this.

However, because they need to be configured and adjusted, two-pipe systems are highly difficult to operate. Furthermore, they have a relatively low replacement resistance. The heating structure is typically impacted by any unapproved resident intervention, such as when they want to replace radiators.

It will be more difficult to arrange heat consumption accounting for every user with standing systems. Radiators with heat distributors are the only feasible option. It will be impossible to influence the non-payer in this situation, though. Furthermore, it is unclear who is responsible for including the unpaid heating costs for unpaid apartments.

Zoning the system is required for high-rise construction (13–17 floors). How are radiators connected to one another using horizontal wiring in a running one-pipe system?

Image 3. Heating via a vertical one-pipe system.

A single-pipe feeding line continuously passes through a number of heating devices that are all at the same level in this design (image 1). Along the highway, coolant in each radiator cools at the same time, and eventually the last heating components in the chain will have cooled down considerably.

The scheme’s primary benefit, as illustrated above, is the comparatively low cost of pipelines and their installation. Simultaneously, the one-pipe horizontal system has two serious drawbacks. The first of them helps to limit the scheme’s application area because there aren’t many options for individually controlling heat in each heating device.

The second drawback is that different sized heating devices must be used in order to ensure that the heat transfer from each radiator is roughly the same. While the latter is significantly larger, the first heating device in the chain should be relatively small in size. It follows that the room’s design will not be optimally impacted by such a circumstance. How are batteries connected in a horizontal two-pipe dead end system?

Image 4. Water heating system.

This scheme (image 2) is devoid of disadvantages that were listed above. There are two pipelines, reverse and supplies, which join heating devices. The diameters of the feed and reverse pipelines in parallel areas are coincided with the sizes of shaped parts, which simplifies the installation and design. Wiring according to this method has approximately the same water temperature at the entrance to each of the heating devices. The system can find widespread use in apartment buildings, public buildings, cottages, schools, offices, hospitals and so on. However, with a large length of the branches, it is quite difficult (and in some cases it is impossible) to adhere to individual heating devices to comply with hydraulic conditions in operation.
How batteries are connected through a dead end two -pipe horizontal system with the central highway?

Heating system for two stories.

This system is an example of a horizontal two-pipe passing system. The scheme that follows (image 3) illustrates it. The sole distinction is the installation of a two-pipe distribution line within the closed heating circuit’s premises. Branches that lead to heating appliances leave her. Pipe consumption will drop as a result.

In order to maintain the room’s architectural style, the pipeline horizontal wiring should be installed covertly, either in the concrete screed or beneath the plaster. This was not feasible until recently because steel pipelines were not maintainable enough to meet the requirements for hidden laying.

The use of polymer pipelines—which are concreteable and found beneath plaster—as well as pipelines composed of steamed polyethylene with connecting equipment on a perch sleeve allowed for the solution of this issue.

However, in two-pipe horizontal systems, the implementation of heating devices will inevitably result in pipeline intersections. This makes it challenging to implement hidden laying because the pipelines in thermal insulation may protrude from the ties or because of plaster.

All-encompassing heating for the space.

Some manufacturers offer the cross as a symbol for undeniable interest as one of the solutions. There is no need to extend the floor beneath the highway’s reverse and pressure pipes when eyelining pipes to the heating device thanks to this crossman, which circumvents the main pipeline—with the exception of the exit from the mounting plane.

Because of the low hydraulic resistance of the crosses, the cooled heat carrier runs a flat canal of the required living section by the supplying line. The crosses can have a heat-insulating casing installed to lessen needless heat loss and make installation easier.

The horizontal two -pipe systems are able to connect the outline of the floor heating and use the feed water temperature limiter, which can be configured for a certain value (for example, 40 ° C). If this value is exceeded, it will block the circulation of the heat carrier in the circuit. The connection of the circuits for heating the floor to high -temperature wiring can be carried out using a mixing module with a circulation pump and a mixing valve with a temperature sensor. A similar module makes the heating contours independent from the point of view of hydraulics from the main system and does not affect the hydraulic regime of this system.
How batteries are connected by a system with a distribution collector?

Heating system consisting of two pipes and horizontal pipe wiring.

According to the wiring shown in this figure (image 4), each heating device connects directly to the distribution collector using a different reverse and supply.

The stairwell or another common area can be equipped with a distribution cabinet that has a heat metering unit and a built-in distribution collector.

For instance, up to 12 heating devices can be connected to a single distribution manifold.

In contrast to other horizontal two-pipe systems, the collector scheme makes it possible to install pipes with the same diameter and makes it simple to line each heating device in accordance with the pressure.

Two-pipe heating network that is vertical.

An additional benefit of this type of system is that it allows for the abandonment of numerous, highly expensive shaped elements during the heating circuit installation process.

Collector wiring is becoming increasingly popular in buildings serving entirely different purposes, despite being slightly more expensive than traditional systems overall due to the high pipe consumption, distribution cabinet, and collector costs. This can be attributed to the benefits that were previously mentioned.

From a hydraulic perspective, connecting a passing two-pipe horizontal system is relatively simple because, provided that the loads on each heating device are relatively similar, the losses through each device will be nearly equal.

However, because the diameters of the parallel areas and the shaped parts will vary, mounting this system will be far more challenging.

Horizontal water heating system with two or one pipes.

Some people believe that installing a single heat meter in an apartment, particularly if it’s located inside the unit, allows for some distortion of the readings to be made in order to lower the amount of money that is charged for utilities. The apartment’s hydraulic balancing components, such as counters, encourage residents to manipulate gadgets.

As of right now, the distribution cabinet is typically placed in the hallway between apartments, where all the required hardware is kept. Tenants do not have access to the cabinet, which is locked with a key all the time.

As opposed to devices that only measure the riser or heating device’s temperature, those that can measure the coolant’s flow rate are susceptible to different types of mechanical pollution. A filter is always installed on the floor input to ensure that the metering devices’ metrology cannot be violated by the trash in the heating system.

You should be aware that since every apartment has a different heat balance, you will need to configure the thermostats.

In an apartment building, horizontal wiring for the heating system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient and effective distribution of warmth throughout the entire structure. By strategically laying out pipes or cables along the building"s floors, this method facilitates even heat distribution, minimizing temperature variations between different rooms and floors. Horizontal wiring simplifies maintenance and repairs, as it allows easier access to individual sections of the system without disrupting the entire building. Additionally, this approach enhances energy efficiency by reducing heat loss during transmission, ultimately leading to cost savings for both residents and building owners. Proper installation and maintenance of horizontal heating system wiring can significantly contribute to the overall comfort and energy performance of apartment buildings, making it a vital consideration for anyone involved in heating and insulation projects.

What is the feature of the horizontal heating system: two -pipe, one -pipe and how to make the right wiring

The boiler, pipes of the appropriate diameter, radiators, shut-off valves, and other carefully chosen components all play a significant role in determining the heating efficiency. Nevertheless, you also need to consider where the highway is located. What distinguishes a single-pipe, two-pipe, wiring, and connecting heating devices in a horizontal heating system? You must first take into account the specifics of the scheme in order to determine whether or not design and installation in accordance with it are appropriate.

The peculiarity of the horizontal pipe laying scheme

Horizontal heating system in a home with two stories

One- or two-story private homes are the primary locations for the great majority of horizontal two-pipe heating systems with lower wiring. In addition, though, it can be used to link to central heating. The horizontal positioning of the main and reverse (for two-pipe) lines is a characteristic of such a system.

The subtleties of connecting to different types of heating must be considered when selecting this pipeline laying system.

Central horizontal heating

When putting together an engineering scheme, the NNUP standards 41–01–2003 should serve as your guide. It says that the heating system’s horizontal wiring should guarantee both the coolant’s accounting and correct circulation. In apartment buildings, two risers with hot water and a cool liquid capacity are installed to accomplish this. It is necessary to compute the horizontal two-pipe heating system, which involves installing a thermal counter. After the pipe is connected to the riser, it is installed on the input pipe right away.

In certain places of the highway, hydraulic resistance is also taken into consideration. This is crucial because the heating system’s horizontal wiring won’t function properly unless the coolant pressure is kept at the proper level.

For apartment buildings, a single-pipe horizontal heating system with lower wiring is typically installed. As a result, you must consider how far apart the radiator sections are from the central distribution riser when determining how many sections to use. The battery’s area should increase with its location.

Autonomous horizontal heating

Heating combined with organic movement

A horizontal heating system with lower wiring is most frequently chosen in private homes or apartments without a central heat supply connection. Nonetheless, the mode of operation—natural circulation or forced under pressure—must be considered. In the first scenario, the vertical riser that connects the horizontal sections to the boiler is connected right away.

The following are some benefits of this plan for preserving a comfortable temperature:

• Minimum costs for the acquisition of consumables. In particular, the horizontal one -pipe heating system with natural circulation does not include a circulation pump, a membrane expansion tank and protective reinforcement – air vents;
• Reliability of work. Since the pressure in the pipes is equal to the atmospheric – the temperature regime is exceeded using an expansion tank.

But it’s also important to consider the drawbacks. The system’s inertia is the primary one among them. Rapid heating is not possible with even a skillfully designed horizontal one-pipe heating system in a two-story home with natural circulation. This is because the heating system doesn’t start operating until it reaches a specific temperature. It is advised to use a horizontal heating system with lower wiring and forced liquid circulation in homes larger than 150 m³ and with two stories or more.

Forced circulation heating and horizontal pipe placement

You don’t have to build a riser, in contrast to the forced circulation plan mentioned above. A circulation pump is used to create the coolant pressure in a horizontal two-pipe heating system with lower wiring. Improving operational attributes show this:

• Rapid distribution of hot water throughout the highway;
• The ability to regulate the volume of the coolant for each radiator (only for a two -pipe system);
• The installation requires a smaller area, since there is no distribution riser.

Conversely, a collector can be integrated with the heating system’s horizontal wiring. This pertains to pipelines that are quite lengthy. As a result, you can distribute hot water evenly throughout your home’s rooms.

The rotary nodes must be considered when calculating the horizontal two-pipe heating system because the largest hydraulic pressure losses occur there.

One -pipe horizontal heating system

Methods for connecting radiators

What is one-pipe heating wiring in conjunction with it, and under what circumstances can it be installed? It is regarded by experts as the most cost-effective and simple to install. The radiators are connected to the pipeline in a sequential manner according to the design principle. The pipes can be connected in an upper or lower configuration, depending on the configuration that was chosen.

On the other hand, the horizontal one-pipe heating system of a two-story building has the following drawbacks:

• Uneven Distribution of heat on batteries. The further the radiator is from the boiler, the lower the water temperature in it will be;
• Difficulties with the implementation of repair and maintenance work. When a radiator is turned off from a common network in a horizontal one -pipe heating system with natural circulation, the coolant is stopped further through the pipeline;
• The impossibility of regulating temperature in various rooms of the house.

This system’s design calls for the installation of a bypas ahead of each radiator. It will enable replacement or repair of individual heating elements when paired with locking reinforcement.

A 2/3 windowsill should be closed by the batteries to ensure efficient heat transfer. This will help the room’s air circulation function at its best.

Only homes up to 150 m³ in size have single-pipe horizontal heating systems with lower wiring installed. The extra thermal insulation in the rooms that are farther away from the boiler needs to be attended to as well.

Two -pipe horizontal heating system

The two-pipe horizontal heating system’s arrangement

None of the aforementioned drawbacks apply to a horizontal heating system with lower wiring. Another radiator-to-pipeline connection diagram makes this possible. Every device has a parallel connection. The trigeminal node receives the hot coolant, which promptly cools and enters the return pipe.

As a result, you can modify the coolant’s volume and speed for every radiator. Additionally, the improved scheme has the following advantages over a single-pipe horizontal heating system with a lower wiring:

• The installation of additional heating devices will not affect the system. The main thing is that the power of the boiler allows you to heat the increased volume of the coolant;
• Repair and preventive work can be carried out without turning off heating. To do this, it is enough to block the coolant on the desired area of ​​the network using locking reinforcement;
• If, together with a horizontal two -pipe heating system with a wiring from below, install distribution manifolds, you can increase the efficiency, thereby minimizing energy costs.

One drawback of using horizontal wiring for two-pipe heating is the increased risk of air plugs. The Maevsky crane is mounted on every radiator to prevent this. A calculation is done for a horizontal two-pipe heating system with a large branched network. It should include any changes in water temperature as well as the extent of pressure drop in each area. Without the necessary skills, it is difficult to complete this work on your own. Therefore, it is best to use a professional online calculator or seek the assistance of specialists.

It is advised to install a pressure gauge and air vent after the furthest remote radiator. This set of controls will prevent abrupt pressure changes in the system and enable visual parameter control.

Aspect	Description
System Design	The layout and configuration of pipes for distributing heat throughout the building.
Material	The type of material used for the pipes, commonly copper, PEX, or steel.
Placement	The positioning of pipes within walls, floors, or ceilings to ensure efficient heat distribution.
Insulation	The addition of insulation around pipes to prevent heat loss and maintain energy efficiency.

Apartment building heating systems can be wired horizontally, which is a sensible solution with many advantages for occupants and building managers. This method ensures more uniform heating throughout the building, eliminating cold spots and maintaining constant comfort levels for occupants. Heat is distributed through pipes that run horizontally along each floor.

The efficiency of horizontal heating system wiring in terms of energy consumption is one of its main benefits. Horizontal wiring minimizes heat loss and lowers energy waste compared to vertical systems, where heat must travel a greater distance from the boiler to the upper floors. By reducing carbon emissions, this helps maintain environmental sustainability in addition to saving residents money.

Furthermore, when compared to their vertical counterparts, horizontal heating systems are simpler to install and maintain. Shorter pipe lengths and a more straightforward design shorten installation times, which lessens disturbance to residents. Furthermore, maintenance jobs like inspections and repairs are easier to access, which enables faster reaction times and reduces downtime.

The scalability and flexibility of horizontal wiring are additional advantages. The system is easily adjustable by building managers to meet changing needs for heating or changes in the building’s layout. Horizontal systems allow for more flexibility in the event that future modifications are needed, such as adding more units, growing the heating network, or switching to more efficient components.

To sum up, installing horizontal wiring for the heating system in an apartment building is a flexible, cost-effective, and practical solution that improves comfort, lowers energy usage, and makes maintenance easier. By using this technique, building owners can guarantee the best possible heating performance, give their tenants a comfortable living space, and help create a more sustainable future.