Which type of boiler to choose for heating a private house

Selecting the ideal boiler for heating your home is an important choice that will have a big impact on both your comfort level and your energy costs. With so many options on the market, it’s critical to comprehend the various boiler types and whether they are appropriate for your particular requirements.

The kind of fuel a boiler uses is one of the most important factors to take into account when choosing one. Gas, oil, electricity, and even alternative fuels like biomass can all power boilers. Every fuel type has advantages and disadvantages, including effects on the environment, cost, and availability.

One of the most popular options for heating homes is a gas boiler. They provide many households with a practical and reasonably priced option, and they are usually linked to the natural gas grid. Additionally, gas boilers typically have high efficiency ratings, which contribute to lower energy costs and a decrease in carbon emissions.

Oil boilers provide an alternative heating option for places without natural gas access. Even though oil prices are subject to change, contemporary oil boilers are effective and can deliver reliable warmth all winter long. On the other hand, homeowners must think about the practicalities of filling and storing oil tanks.

An additional choice is an electric boiler, which is particularly appropriate for homes without access to gas or oil. Electric boilers are a practical option for smaller homes or as a backup heating system because they are simple to install and require little maintenance. But the cost of electricity varies, which affects the total cost of heating.

Types of heating boilers for a private house

All boilers work on the same basic principle: fuel is burned in the furnace chamber, heating the heat exchanger that houses the coolant (typically water), which then circulates throughout the system to provide heat through heating radiators. The kind of fuel that is used to classify water heating boilers comes first.

Gas

It makes sense to get a gas boiler right away if the house has a gas connection or if a gas line is installed nearby. This is still Russia’s best and most cost-effective option as of 2021. Natural gas itself is incredibly cheap in comparison to other fuels, the equipment is reasonably priced, and there is a wide range of options available. Additionally, you won’t have to worry about fuel delivery or storage, as gas boilers can operate without human assistance for days or weeks while precisely and steadily maintaining the desired temperature.

This option is particularly beneficial for those who plan to live in the home permanently. Double-circuit boilers can prepare sanitary hot water for 1-3 consumption points in addition to heating, at a cost that is only 10% to 15% more.

There are further subtleties with gas boilers. Equipment needs to be designed with technical conditions (permission), chimney and ventilation compliance, and premises requirements in mind. Calling masters for planned maintenance is required every few years (and recommended, annually); the cost of the issue is roughly 500–1,000 rubles. It will take one to three months to design, connect, and commission the gas boiler, but the cost and convenience of use make it worthwhile.

Lifespan: 10–40 years, depending on the materials and device.

Prices range from 13,000 rubles for the most affordable floor models to 33,000–38,000 rubles for an average good boiler.

Gas heating boilers: the most comprehensive selection Checklist of requirements, top models, costs, and owner testimonials

Electric

A single sentence can sum up electric boilers: maximum comfort during operation, but high electricity costs. Electricity is the most expensive source of home heating, even with its lower initial cost and lack of requirements for a chimney, ventilation, or even permission to install an electric boiler. During the heating season, approximately fifteen thousand rubles can be allocated towards the heating of a 100 square meter unwritten or demented house.

If money is tight, an electric boiler is a great choice—but only if it’s used temporarily or as a backup boiler. In extreme circumstances, very tiny private homes up to 60–70 m 2 may find this option suitable. In these situations, the equipment’s initial low cost and its connection will cover the high operating costs over an extended period of time.

To connect a boiler with a capacity of more than 6 kW, a three-phase (380 V) power grid is required, since the standard two-phase (220-230 V) will simply not be able to provide work at maximum power. Installation of an electric boiler with a capacity of over 10 kW requires coordination with energy supervision authorities. The rest of the electric boiler is a mini-boiler room, just bring to it the feeding and reverse lines. Safety group, expansion tank, circulation pump and other elements of the heating system are usually already installed. It is not necessary to service an electric boiler annually, it is enough to clean it from scale every 3-7 years and change the heater, the price of the issue is about 1,000-5,000 rubles.

Lifespan: 3–7 years if Ten is not replaced; 15–30 years if Ten is regularly replaced.

Cost: the least expensive models start at 4,000 rubles, while a decent boiler typically costs between 28,000 and 41,000 rubles.

How to pick a private residence’s electric boiler Electric shoe types, criteria for choosing, top models, and price

Solid fuel

In order to generate heat, solid fuel boilers burn coal, firewood, pellets, peat, braces, and other solid fuel materials. The lack of a gas line close to the house is the most frequent reason people choose solid fuel boilers; less frequently, solid fuel’s affordability or accessibility, particularly in coaling regions, is cited. Furthermore, the affordability, dependability, and energy dependence of solid fuel boilers continue to drive demand for them. In addition, modern models are far more efficient and comfortable to operate than older models—all the way up to fully automated fuel loading.

However, when it comes to pricey boilers, even the less expensive models have improved, but they still need daily soot cleaning and regular fuel darts lasting three to five hours. Setting up a fuel storage area is also essential; ideally, this should be a room. There is a vast array of solid fuel boilers to choose from. Recently, long-term burning boilers that can burn for one bookmark for as long as two or even seven days have become particularly popular. Installing the boiler TT does not require permission.

Lifespan: 15–40 years, depending on the heat exchanger’s material.

Cost: starting at 14,000 rubles. The average good boiler for the most affordable models costs between 25,000 and 35,000 rubles.

Solid fuel boilers: the most thorough guidance How to select, a list of the top models, their features, and their costs

Liquid -fuel

Kerosene, waste oil, fuel oil, and diesel fuel are all considered liquid fuels. Boilers using liquid fuel are in between those using solid fuel and those using gas; they still require a space to store fuel and tanks, and they are not completely self-sufficient due to the need for routine maintenance. In addition, liquid-fuel boilers are more dependable, autonomous, and require fewer paperwork than their gas counterparts. On average, their efficiency is higher.

Nonetheless, the primary reason they select liquid fuel boilers is the availability of a reliable source where fuel can be acquired at a reduced cost (fleets, 100, agricultural equipment service centers, etc.D.). Except for rare models, the equipment has a very high initial cost, which contributes to the unpopularity of liquid-fuel boilers. Furthermore, the boilers’ burners emit a distinct odor while operating, necessitating the use of excellent ventilation.

Lifespan: 20 to 40 years.

Cost: the most affordable models (of which there are few on the market) start at 35,000 rubles; a decent boiler should cost between 75,000 and 100,000 rubles on average.

Types and operational characteristics of liquid-fuel boilers Price, Owner reviews, BEST MEDERALS, and CHIMPENITY OF CHARATIONS

Combined

These are multipurpose boilers that can operate on multiple fuel types mentioned above. They are an excellent choice if you are unsure about the fuel or if you need a temporary fix, like before laying a gas line. There are five primary varieties of boilers for universal heating in total:

• gas-wood;
• on firewood and electricity;
• on gas and electricity;
• on gas and liquid fuel;
• multi -fuel, working on 3 or more types of fuel.

In combined boilers, changing from one fuel type to another is accomplished by simply swapping out or replacing a quick-free burner. For instance, you can use a model that uses both wood and electricity to burn logs during the day and turn on the boiler’s heating heat exchanger at night to keep the house at a comfortable temperature before dawn. Installing a multi-tariff electricity meter can result in additional savings.

These structures have limited options on the Russian market, a higher cost when compared to two single-fuel boilers, and a lower efficiency when burning any kind of fuel.

Lifespan: 10 to 25 years.

Cost: starting at 20,000 rubles. For most affordable models, a decent boiler typically costs between 50,000 and 75,000 rubles.

Combination boilers for residential heating Types, standards for selection, top models, and costs

Comparison of the cost of fuel and operating costs

A gas consumption parameter is among the top three most significant selection criteria for the majority of buyers, based on surveys and actual purchases. The maximum consumption in gas, some liquid fuel, and solid fuel boilers is listed in the characteristics. Apart from the fact that this is the highest possible indicator, it is challenging to determine the boiler’s level of economy from it because fuel consumption is dependent on a number of factors, including the house’s specifications, the power source that is chosen carefully, the boiler’s operating conditions, etc.

Generally speaking, no fuel type can determine the actual consumption in a generalized form. But roughly speaking, it’s quite real. The picture becomes clearer because the difference in heating costs is tangible.

Natural gas. Natural gas combustion normally produces 9.3–10 kW of heat per m^3 (the lowest allowable amount is 8.84 kW/m^3), meaning that 1 kW of thermal power from the gas boiler requires 0.1-0.108 m^3 of natural gas. In the Moscow region, the price of 1 m 3 of main gas for the first half of 2021 is 5.92 rubles/m3, or 0.59–0.64 rub. For every kW The boiler’s thermal power.

The accepted standard for a typical unwatted or demented home with 2.7-meter ceilings is one kW for every 10 square meters of heated space.

Any gas boiler’s technical specs will show you how much gas it can use at its maximum, from which you can determine how much heating you can get at your maximum. For instance, the maximum natural gas consumption of the Baxi Slim 1.150 I, which has a capacity of 14.9 kW, is 1.74 m 3 /h.

1. Per day – 24 (hours) * 1.74 (m 3 /h) = 41.76 m 3 . In value terms – 41.76 (m 3) * 5.92 (tariff for MO, rub.) = 247.2 rubles/day.
2. Per month – 30 (days) * 41.76 (daily consumption, m 3) = 1 252.8 m 3 . In value terms – 1,252.8 (cube. m) * 5.92 (tariff, rub.) = 7 416.6 rubles/month.
3. For the heating season (suppose from October 15 to March 31) – 136 (days) * 41.76 (m 3) = 5 679.4 cubic meters. In value terms – 5 679.4 * 5.92 = 33 621.8 rubles/season.

It is crucial to realize that the boiler does not actually run continuously at maximum efficiency; in this scenario, the elements’ accelerated aging occurs. With skillful power selection (considering the house’s area, heat loss, and a modest power of 10–20%), the gas boiler uses only 50–70% of the values computed above for the boiler’s maximum feasible mode of operation. Think about how many kW are really required for your house.

How to figure out how much gas a gas boiler uses Every computation technique and online calculator

Electricity. With electricity, the calculations are considerably simpler. A modern electric boiler with a capacity of 15 kW will use 15.15 kW of electricity at maximum heat production because all electric boilers have an efficiency of 99%. In the Moscow region, 1 kW of electricity will cost 4.01 rubles, or 4.05 rubles, for a private residence in the first half of 2021. for every kW of the boiler’s thermal power.

Using any contemporary electric boiler with a 15 kW capacity as an example, the highest heating score that can be achieved is:

1. Per day – 24 (hours) * 15.15 (kW) = 363.6 kW. In value terms – 363.6 (kW) * 4.01 (rub. for 1 kW.h) = 1,458 rubles/day.
2. An electric boiler consumes per month – 30 (days) * 363.6 (kW) = 10 908 kW. In value terms – 43,741 rubles/month.
3. For the heating season (suppose from October 15 to March 31) – 136 (days) * 363.6 (kW) = 49 449.6 kW. In value terms – 198,292.9 rubles/season.

Remember that this is the maximum amount that can be consumed, not the actual amount.

How to figure out how much electricity an electric boiler uses computation using the house’s specifications and instances of electricity accounts

Wood for fire. The heat of typical recently cut or freshly cut firewood, with an average humidity of W ≈ 60–50%, is 1,800–2,000 kW/m 3. This implies that 0.0005-0,00056 m 3 of firewood are needed to produce 1 kW of thermal energy. One cubic meter of freshly cut firewood (oak, birch, or alder) costs 1,600–1 800 rubles, or 0.8–1.01 rub. for every kW of the boiler’s thermal power.

Coal. The average heat content of common stone coal (W ≈ 7–15%) is 7.5-8 kW/kg. This indicates that 0.133-0.125 kg of coal are needed to produce 1 kW of thermal energy. One ton of coal costs 6,000 rubles, or between 0.75 and 0.8 rubles. For every kW The boiler’s thermal power.

Of course, it will be appropriate to change the solid fuel boilers’ average efficiency of 80%. Multiplying the obtained cost indicators of 1 kW by 1.2 (efficiency 80%) will provide a more realistic image.

Fuel oil and diesel fuel. Without getting too technical, 1 liter of diesel fuel, waste oil, or fuel oil burnt in a liquid-fuel boiler produces 10 kW of thermal energy. In other words, 0.1 liters of fuel equal 1 kW of thermal power. Diesel fuel costs 4-35-40 rubles per liter, or 3.5-4 rubles. every kW of thermal power. The Ministry of Defense pays 8–15 rubles/l, or 0.8–1.5 rubles per kW thermal power, on average for waste oil.

With a boiler capacity of 15 kW, the maximum consumption of the diesel boiler (L) is equal to the boiler’s power, expressed as kW / 10.

1. Per day – 24 (hours) * 1 (l) = 24 l. In value terms – 24 (l) * 35 (rub. per 1 l) = 840 rub/day.
2. Per month – 30 (days) * 24 (l) = 720 l. In value terms – 25,200 rubles/month.
3. For the heating season (suppose from October 15 to March 31) – 136 (days) * 24 (l) = 3 264 l. In value terms – 114 240 rubles/season.

It is crucial to realize that these indicators are provided under the assumption of constant, high-power operation, which is extremely uncommon. Boilers normally operate for no more than one-third of the day, so you can safely reduce these calculations by two to three times. Additionally, liquid-fuel boilers are typically purchased when a source of fuel is available at prices below the average of the market.

When it comes to heating your private house, choosing the right type of boiler is crucial. Whether you prioritize efficiency, cost-effectiveness, or environmental friendliness, there are several factors to consider. From traditional gas and oil boilers to newer options like electric and biomass boilers, each has its pros and cons. Gas boilers offer convenience and widespread availability, while oil boilers can be a reliable choice in areas without access to gas. Electric boilers are clean and easy to install but might be more expensive to run. Biomass boilers, fueled by organic materials like wood pellets, can be sustainable but require more maintenance. Ultimately, the best type of boiler for your house depends on your specific needs, budget, and environmental concerns.

What other selection criteria can be guided

Apart from the primary categorization of boilers intended for residential heating, there exist additional parameters that allocate them based on the device:

1. The number of contours Determines the purpose of the boiler. Single -circuit boilers are designed exclusively for heating the heating circuit, while double -circuit have an additional hot water supply circuit (DHW), in which sanitary hot water is prepared for household needs. DHW performance is usually enough for 1-3 consumption points.
2. Energy dependence of the boiler determines the need to connect it to the mains. Power -dependent models do not require connection to the mains, but have simpler functionality, manual piezorodzhig (button), require a classic vertical chimney. Energy dependent models are connected to a conventional outlet (220-230 V), have higher efficiency and economy, expanded functionality, are used paired with coaxial (lateral) chimney.
3. Combustion chamber device, in which fuel is burned, determines the effectiveness of the boiler, the requirements for the room and ventilation, as well as the type of chimney used. Boilers with an open chamber (atmospheric) are cheaper, take air out of the room, and combustion products are removed through a classic vertical chimney, the requirements for the room and ventilation in the case of an atmospheric boiler are increased. Boilers with a closed combustion chamber (turbocharged) are equipped with a turbocharger fan, which provides forced air circulation, taking it from the street through the coaxial chimney. Turned boilers are more economical, since the air of the air is clearly regulated by the turnover of the turbine, the installation of the coaxial chimney is easier, strict requirements for ventilation of the room are disappeared, but they are more expensive and more noisy.
4. Installation method defines the design, reliability and price of the boiler. In fact, this criterion applies only to gas models, electric ones are exclusively wall, the rest are exclusively floor. Gas wall models are more technological and effective, have in their case all the necessary elements of the heating system: expansion tank, circulation pump, security group, etc.D. However, in the floor models you can install a heavy durable cast -iron heat exchanger with a service life of more than 30 years, in extreme cases, the steel heat exchanger can also be made more and more durable. Budget atmospheric models of flooring are much cheaper than budget hinged.

The minimum necessary power of the boiler

The most crucial factor in selecting a boiler is determining its power, but it is best to do this after settling on a particular model. Nearly all of them are made in different power versions.

The most popular and straightforward method for figuring out how much power the boiler needs at the very least is to base it on the heated area of the house. It is well known that a typical private home in the Moscow Region’s climate zone, with two bricks for masonry and 2.7 m high ceilings, has 1 kW of thermal capacity for every 10 m 2 of heated space plus a 15–25% supply of heat. In the event that a double-circuit model is designed, the total amount of water used must be considered; an additional 20% should be added.

In total, 10 * 1.2 (20% of the reserve) = 12 kWh is the minimum power required for a single-circuit boiler in the 100 m 2 house mentioned above. We round the larger value when it has no valid meaning.

Because the house’s heat loss is linked to replenishment, the calculation method is appropriate for all types of boilers and is typically sufficient. However, more precise calculations are required, taking into account the corrective coefficients, if the house has high ceilings, a large glazing area, is located in the southern or northernmost point of the nation, is well-insulated, and has other "non-standard" features. You can accomplish this by calling the heating equipment or by using the information below and the calculator provided.

How to precisely determine the boiler’s required power? Each calculation, formula, and corrective coefficients

Selecting the ideal boiler for heating your home is an important choice that affects both your comfort level and your financial situation. With so many options on the market, it’s critical to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages.

First, think about the size of your home and your unique heating requirements. Due to its ability to combine heating and hot water functions into a single unit, combi boilers are a great option for smaller homes with limited space. They can also potentially save installation costs. Conversely, larger conventional boilers might be more appropriate for larger homes with higher hot water requirements.

One more important thing to think about is efficiency. By recycling heat from exhaust gases, modern condensing boilers maximize efficiency and ultimately reduce costs and their environmental impact. Even though they might cost more up front, over time the savings on energy bills might offset the initial outlay.

Additionally, consider the fuel type that best fits your requirements and availability. Due to their affordability and ease of use, gas boilers are widely utilized in many locations. If gas isn’t easily available, you could choose to use an oil or propane boiler instead. When making this choice, local fuel availability and prices must be taken into account.

Lastly, remember the requirements for servicing and maintenance. For all boilers to function effectively and safely, routine maintenance is necessary. When selecting a boiler type, take into account the availability and cost of servicing, as skipping maintenance can result in more expensive repairs and a shorter lifespan.

In conclusion, the best type of boiler for heating your private house depends on various factors such as your specific heating needs, the size of your home, fuel availability, efficiency, and maintenance requirements. Take the time to research and consult with professionals to make an informed decision that will keep your home warm and comfortable for years to come.