What is needed for ventilation design: the procedure for drawing up a project of the air exchange system

Proper ventilation design is essential for designing a comfortable and energy-efficient home. It takes careful planning and thought to maintain the ideal temperature and humidity levels while simultaneously ensuring a healthy flow of fresh air. We’ll go over the crucial procedures for planning a ventilation system project for your house in this guide.

Priority one should be given to realizing how important ventilation is. In addition to removing stale air, a well-designed ventilation system also gets rid of pollutants, extra moisture, and smells from interior spaces. It is also essential in preventing the accumulation of dangerous gases like carbon monoxide, which, if left unchecked, can be extremely dangerous to one’s health.

Prior to getting too technical with ventilation design, you should evaluate the special features of your house. The best kind of ventilation system depends on a number of factors, including its size, layout, number of occupants, and local climate. You can identify possible ventilation problems and adjust your design by carrying out a thorough evaluation.

The next crucial step is figuring out the right ventilation rate. This entails figuring out how much air exchange is required to keep indoor air quality at its best. This computation is influenced by variables like the size of the room, the number of occupants, and the existence of pollutants. You can guarantee comfort and sustainability in your house by finding the ideal balance between energy usage and ventilation efficiency.

It’s time to select the ventilation system that best suits your needs after the ventilation rate has been determined. Simple window vents and exhaust fans to more complex mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery capabilities are available as options. It’s crucial to carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks of each type before choosing one.

Creating a thorough project plan is also necessary to make your ventilation design a reality. This entails deciding on the right equipment and materials, ductwork routing, and ventilation outlet locations. Working together with seasoned experts, like HVAC engineers or contractors, can help guarantee that your ventilation system complies with all applicable laws and standards.

Step	Description
Analyze Requirements	Understand the specific needs for air quality and circulation in the space.
Assess Space	Measure the size and layout of the area to determine the appropriate ventilation system.
Calculate Airflow	Determine the volume of air needed to maintain optimal conditions.
Choose Ventilation Type	Select the appropriate ventilation system such as natural, mechanical, or hybrid.
Design Ductwork	Create a layout for ducts to distribute air effectively throughout the building.
Consider Filters	Decide on filtration systems to remove contaminants from the air.
Plan Controls	Design control mechanisms for regulating airflow and managing the ventilation system.
Finalize Documentation	Compile all details into a comprehensive plan for the ventilation design project.

Classification of conventions

For the primary components, the working ventilation drawing uses graphic and letter contractions. Whether the ventilation system is intended for a large production room or a tiny apartment, the same sign system is used everywhere.

Letter

GOST 21.602-2003 spells out the element names’ letter contractions:

• P – supply vehicle with artificial motivation.
• B – exhaust with mechanical thrust.
• Y – air curtain.
• A – heating devices
• P – a trim with a natural motivation.
• Ve – exhaust ventsist with natural thrust.
• LP – hatches for measuring the main characteristics of the air mass.
• LV – technological holes for cleaning the inner surface of the duct.
• The letter and numerical designation of the air ducts is presented in GOST 21.205.
• Height marks on axonometric schemes of air exchange systems are indicated by numbers inscribed in a rectangle.
• The section size of the duct is indicated in millimeters.
• The slope of the ventilation shafts, if this is provided by the project, is indicated by the sign "ð". The angle indicates the direction of the slope, and the figure after the sign is its numerical value.

Graphic

The majority of the data is provided graphically, making it possible to swiftly, publicly, and precisely characterize the ventsistem.

Table 3 of GOST 21.205 indicates the primary components of the system, which include air ducts, grilles, air distributors, and the local system of the exhaust air fence.

• The fans located on the roof are indicated using a simplified barpunctic line. If complex ventilation or cooling units are installed on the roof, then a separate plan is drawn.
• If the ducts are laid multi -tier, then within the same plan their symbol of one is permitted by one under another.
• All additional information: calculated temperature, air exchange frequency, external microclimatic parameters are indicated in the table. It can be located on a common drawing or separate tab.

Air ducts in Tab. 1

The table includes symbols for round and rectangular duct plans, sections, and schemes.

Mine air ducts, Tab. 2,

The air duct names that go through the mines are listed in the table.

Tab. 3: Rectangular fixtures

Components connecting different ventilation systems. It is advised to use for installation projects in accordance with the specifications listed in the regulatory documentation.

Tab. 4: Round section fittings

Identical to that in table 3, but with some round section components.

Tab. 5: Supply and hospitable devices

Devices for air distribution and general exchange in the local vent system and lattice.

Table 6: Ventilation System Elements

There are indications for the emergency fire-holding valve, check and straight valve, valve throttle, doors for calorifier servicing, filter replacement, and several other components.

Every visual component has a unique code, which is written in the far left column. The first two digits represent the table number, and the next two represent the serial number as listed in the list.

Ensuring proper ventilation in your home is essential for maintaining a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. A well-designed ventilation system helps to regulate air quality, control humidity levels, and remove indoor pollutants. To create an effective ventilation design, several key steps are involved. Firstly, it"s crucial to assess the specific ventilation requirements of your home, taking into account factors such as the size of the space, occupancy levels, and any potential sources of indoor pollutants. Next, a detailed plan should be drawn up, outlining the layout and specifications of the ventilation system, including the placement of vents, ductwork, and air exchange units. Additionally, consideration should be given to energy efficiency measures to minimize heat loss or gain through the ventilation system. Finally, the implementation of the ventilation design should be carried out by qualified professionals to ensure proper installation and compliance with building codes and regulations. By following these steps, you can create a ventilation system that promotes a healthy and comfortable indoor environment for you and your family.

Drawing up a project

Project for supply and exhaust ventilation with a graphic design

You can either do design yourself or hire professionals to do it for you. Either way, you should familiarize yourself with the fundamentals of carrying out this kind of work.

Advice: It’s best to start working on a ventilation system project before starting on the house’s construction. This will enable you to increase efficiency and incorporate ventilation ducts into the building’s design, which will look nicer than hiding them inside a structure that has already been constructed.

Technical task

The first step in designing supply and exhaust ventilation is to prepare a technical task. This task requires consideration of the following:

• the number of all rooms;
• the area of each room;
• architecture of the entire building;
• functions performed by each room;
• The number and location of all additional objects that have a significant impact on the movement of the air masses: bathrooms, air conditioners, stoves, fireplaces and other similar engineering structures.

Conducting calculations

Let’s now examine the process of determining the supply and exhaust ventilation. To do this, we must determine an appropriate system for each room individually and the building as a whole, based on the amount of air that passes through it each hour in cubic meters.

The two parameters listed below determine this indicator:

The frequency of a single room’s air exchange. This dimensionless value establishes the level of air mass replacement intensity based on the room’s intended use. In residential areas, for instance, the limit is one, but not less than, thirty m3/h per person; in more polluted bathrooms and kitchens, the limit is one and not less than sixty m3/h. Thus, the following formula is used to calculate supply and exhaust ventilation:

The room volume is v, the normalized air exchange rate is n, and the required power indicator is L.

Consider a living room measuring 6 by 4 meters with 2.5 meters high ceilings. The area of the room is 1 × 60 = 60 m3/h.

A 24-square-meter living room

The greatest number of individuals present at once. The layout of the ventilation system is also influenced by the maximum capacity of the space, and the guidelines for where this constraint should be placed are as follows:

Depending on the room’s functionality, L is the required power indicator, n is the maximum number of people that can be in the space at once, and LN is the normalized air consumption by one person. The final parameter, according to SNiP, can have the following values:

View of the room	Normative air consumption in the ventilated area	Normative air consumption in the impenetrable zone
Production	thirty	60
Municipal	40	60
Own	thirty	60

That is, if we take a ventilated living room in a three-person home, we get: 90 m3/h (3 × 30). We use this value as the primary one for additional computations because it is greater than the fact that we inferred from the multiplicity of air exchange in the preceding example.

After making all the required calculations, it typically comes out that:

Multi-story building apartments must have ventilation with a 100–500 m3/h capacity.

The apartment’s exhaust hole

For individual homes: 1000–2500 m3/h.

Ventilation system supply and exhaust for a suburban cottage

For commercial buildings: 1000–15,000 m3/h. The most intricate and extensive calculation is that for exhaust ventilation in industrial spaces.

The relevance of an effective ventilation system

Multiple issues are resolved concurrently by the ventilation system.

1. Cleaning air of dust, smoke, steam and other contaminants.
2. Ensuring the flow of fresh air oxygen. Removal of excess carbon dioxide produced during human life.
3. Elimination of dangerous positively charged ions that concentrate in rooms during the operation of household appliances, heating radiators, electronic devices, equipment.
4. Constant air circulation, stable and optimal air exchange.

Only this kind of ventilation, whose design was left to the expertise of professionals, can handle every task. For this reason, we heartily advise against trying to design and install a complicated engineering system on your own; instead, you should put your trust in experts.

Designation of elements of ventilation and air conditioning systems

Every inexperienced designer had questions, such as how the drawing depicted check valves or flexible inserts, or something else entirely. In what way do the ventilation and air conditioning system components appear on the drawings? GOST 21 saves the day in this situation. GOST 21.602-2003, 205-93.

Fitting

Fittings comprise all couplings, crosses, tees, knees, and other joining components. They are round and rectangular, just like air ducts.

Pipelines

Heat and cold pipelines that connect supply units, precision air conditioners, and other ventilation system components are part of the ventilation systems. On ventilation and air conditioning system drawings, we have selected the pipeline symbols. Look for all of the heating pipelines in one gost if you need to identify them.

Drawings of heat pipelines

Elements of ventilation systems

Any kind of valve, hatches, or other object falls under this category.

Fans

Fans join a group of elements, but for easier viewing, we divided them up into separate groups.

Flooding equipment, air conditioners and supply units

The names of the split systems, fanlyxes, chillers, capacitors, evaporators, and other system components are shown here in graphic form.

Installation of ventilation

It is worthwhile to locate an installation company with extensive experience in this field. The installed system’s overall service life is contingent upon its appropriate functioning. Future issues are less likely to arise the better the installation and installation are made. Ventilation design and installation, or rather installation, can be broken down into multiple phases.

• preparatory stage. The holes are breaking through here, the preparation of the ventilation chamber and the grounds for the equipment itself;
• wiring of networks, installing fire -guided valves, laying air ducts;
• directly the installation of the system;
• placement of ventilation grilles and air distribution devices;
• Automation placement;
• System launch and work check.

Maintaining adequate ventilation in a house is essential for avoiding problems like mold growth and stale air. Several crucial steps must be taken when designing a ventilation system to guarantee ideal airflow and distribution throughout the home.

The specific requirements of the house must be determined before beginning the ventilation system design process. It is necessary to take into account variables like the room’s size, the number of people using it, and the existence of any allergens or pollutants. Through comprehension of these variables, designers can customize the ventilation system to fulfill the distinct needs of the area.

Selecting the right kind of ventilation system comes next after the needs of the house have been determined. Natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or a combination of the two are among the options. Selecting the type that best fits the needs and budget of the house is crucial because each has pros and cons.

The design of the layout and specifications comes next, after the type of ventilation system has been chosen. This entails figuring out where the intake and exhaust vents are located, estimating airflow rates, and choosing the right duct sizes and materials. At this point, careful planning is necessary to guarantee the ventilation system works effectively and efficiently.

After the design of the ventilation system is finished, it is crucial to guarantee correct installation and upkeep. In order to guarantee that the system operates as intended, proper installation is essential, and routine maintenance helps avoid problems like leaks or clogs that could impair airflow. Homeowners can make sure their ventilation system continues to supply clean, fresh air for many years by following these steps.

Video on the topic

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