What is a passing heating system?

Do you want to improve the comfort and energy efficiency of your house? To do this, you must comprehend your heating system. The term "passive heating system" is one that you may encounter. But what does it really mean?

Using natural processes instead of mechanical ones to heat your house is known as a passive heating system. Passive heating uses the energy that is already there, such as sunlight and the heat produced by appliances and people, to warm an indoor space rather than creating heat on its own.

Solar heating is among the most popular types of passive heating. This entails planning your house to optimize solar energy absorption and storage. Large windows facing south, thermal mass materials like stone or concrete, and adequate insulation are examples of features that help your home retain heat from the sun during the day and release it gradually at night to keep it warm.

Together with insulation, passive heating systems help to lower the demand for traditional heating techniques while producing a cozy interior atmosphere. Insulation helps to retain the warmth produced by passive heating by reducing heat loss through walls, windows, and roofs, ultimately increasing the energy and financial efficiency of your home.

Characterization and features of the system

The heating system with the passing movement of the coolant was designed in 1901 by engineer Tichelman. In such a system, the liquid moves in the passing direction along both contours: feed and return. The length of the pipes along the contours is the same, the hydraulic conditions are similar. Therefore, the last heating device heats up as well as the first. Such a system allows you to evenly heat all rooms, save fuel. The passing heating system has an alternative name – “Tichelman loop”, in honor of its creator. Installation of such a system is recommended for heating large rooms with 10 or more radiators. In small houses, the use of such a system is aimed at.

Typically, a circulation pump is required in order to install a passing system. One-story wiring and a modest number of heating devices—no more than ten—make the gravity system feasible.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are more benefits than drawbacks to the passing system.

The water movement system’s benefits include:

1. The entire heating system warms up evenly, from the initial to the last radiator. Each room will be equally warm.
2. No need to use expensive equipment and complex balancing.
3. The ability to install heat regulators.
4. Installation of a passing heating system is possible with your own hands, special skills are not required.
5. The system has a long service life.
6. High reliability and rarity of breakdowns.
7. The system can be laid under the floor.
8. The scheme is applicable for two -story houses.
9. The system can work by gravity.

1. Increased pipes consumption. Their length is greater than in traditional systems. The pipes require a large number of units of locking reinforcement.
2. Pipes have a greater section compared to conventional schemes, which means they will cost more.
3. With a complex configuration of the premises, the application of the scheme becomes impossible due to restrictions on the contours (there are no straight angles, different pipe heights).
4. With a large area of the house and several floors, such a system will cost a significant amount.

Knowing what a passive heating system entails is essential when it comes to home insulation and heating. In essence, a passive heating system heats a house without heavily depending on mechanical or electrical systems by utilizing natural elements like sunlight, building materials, and layout. It all comes down to intelligent design that optimizes heat gain and retention, frequently with the help of elements like expansive windows facing south, thermal mass materials, and efficient insulation. Passive heating systems use less energy and have a smaller environmental impact than active heating systems, which need constant energy input. Instead, passive systems operate more efficiently. Passive heating systems provide economical and environmentally friendly ways to keep homes warm and comfortable all year round by utilizing the power of the natural environment.

Traditionally used schemes

Houses are traditionally heated by single- or two-pipe systems. One circuit with a coolant must be installed for a one-pipe circuit.

One major benefit of this kind of system is that the pipeline is relatively short overall. In comparison, there are lower accident rates, quicker installation, and less financial outlay for the system. The drawback of this kind of arrangement is that water temperature drops through pipes; the final radiator might not be hot enough.

In order to circulate water from the boiler to the heating batteries, two circuits must be installed in a two-pipe circuit, also known as a double circuit. In the first pipe, heat is transferred from the boiler to the radiators; in the second, the cooled water flows in the opposite direction. In both situations, the wiring schemes are fairly basic.

The batteries are connected in parallel to them in a double-circuit diagram, which allows you to selectively block them as needed.

Traditional two-pipe systems are also known as dead ends. The primary distinction from the "loop of the Tichelman" is the direction in which the coolant supply for the supply and reverse highways is directed. After providing heat and being assigned to the "return," hot water travels from the boiler to the battery and back to the boiler. The premises are heated unevenly and the radiators closest to the boiler are warming up more quickly as a result of approaching water movement.

There are benefits to a private home’s passing heating system over hydraulic deadlock. The system is kept in ideal balance because the coolant flows in one direction and the water travels the same distance. The size and power of radiators are used in the same way.

Installation algorithm

The process of installing a passing heating system follows a predetermined algorithm, whereby the diameter of the pipes is chosen first, and the installation of a circulatory pump comes last.

Calculation of the diameter of the pipeline

There is a reliable scientific method of calculation. The amount of coolant that flows through the pipe in a given amount of time determines the pipe’s cross section. The formula is used to start the calculation from the distant radiator.

Where: g is the amount of water used per hour to heat the house (kg/h);

Q is the amount of thermal power needed to heat (kW);

C is the water’s heat capacity (4.187 kJ/kg × ° C);

Δt: the difference in temperature between the hot and cold coolant is assumed to be 20 °C.

Next, use the following formula to determine the pipes’ cross section:

Where S is the pipe’s cross-sectional area (M2);

GV stands for volumetric water use (m3/h);

The water speed, or v, ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 m/s.

Choose the inner diameter of the pipeline based on the section that results from it.

Every radiator is subjected to this calculation up until the boiler.

You can also use the table showing how the internal diameter of the pipe depends on the thermal load when doing calculations.

The following recommendations can be considered:

1. With heat loss up to 15 kW (150 m kV.) the areas are suitable pipes of diameters of 20 mm.
2. With losses from 15 to to 27 kW (up to 250 m kV. area) will require pipes with a diameter of at least 25 mm.

Since it can be challenging for a homeowner to calculate using the provided formulas or hydraulic tables, you can instead base your calculations on the suggested pipe diameters.

To guarantee steady battery operation, the pipeline’s diameter should remain constant throughout. Minimum inner diameter for pipes should be 20 mm.

The following guidelines need to be followed:

• Put the pipes under the floor covering to avoid high -altitude contours. If this is not possible, then you need to take into account the configuration of the house and strive as much as possible for the same height of the pipe laying.
• Pipe material – metal -plastic or polypropylene with reinforcing aluminum foil. Such pipes are stronger and will last a long time.
• Radiators put bimetallic or steel with the lower connection system. Such batteries have higher hydraulic resistance, which balances the system. The capacity of radiators should be the same throughout the area of the house.
• A balancing crane on the return is put on each battery. The installation of thermostats is desirable.

Installation of the boiler

There should be at least 2.5 meters of height in the room where the boiler is located. It is advised that the room have a volume of eight cubic meters. It is necessary to choose the hot water boiler based on the heated house’s area. The boiler’s power to heat 10 kV/m is equivalent to 1 kW. Power is chosen for the entire system based on this.

The boiler’s strapping is made up of a series of locking reinforcements that are positioned in multiple locations:

1. On the nuclear pipe.
2. On both sides of the pump.
3. At the expansion tank.
4. On the pipes coming from the boiler.

Extending the highway

The following considerations must be made while building a highway or passing heating system:

• The lifting branch of the highway must be placed below the supply.
• Pipelines for the supply and removal of heat should be parallel to each other.
• The expansion tank must be installed above the heating boiler.
• On the closing radiators, you need to install valves for water descent. It is recommended to install a thermostatic head on each battery to ensure temperature comfort.
• When laying the highway, right angles are excluded to avoid the occurrence of air plugs in the system.
• The expansion tank should be installed in a heated room.
• All diameters of pipes, fittings and cranes must correspond to each other. You can not put pipes of different diameters due to an attempt to save. Water pressure in the system will be disturbed.

Installation of a circulation pump

Considering that the passing heating system contains ten or more batteries, relying solely on natural circulation is impractical. Without applied force, gravity cannot function. On the return branch close to the boiler is where the circulation pump is situated. Three valves plus a bypass are used to stop the pump. Installing a filter is advised.

Both one-story and two-story homes have the passing heating system installed. When installing, you need to consider a few details in two-story buildings:

• The circulation pump is installed on each floor. If there is a breakdown within the same floor, the other heating will work fully.
• For each floor, installation is recommended according to a separate scheme.

It is essential to comprehend what a passing heating system is in order to maintain a cozy and energy-efficient house. In essence, a passing heating system is a configuration that maximizes comfort and minimizes energy loss by distributing heat uniformly throughout the house. It combines well-thought-out distribution systems, effective heating sources, and insulation.

Adequate insulation is one of the most important parts of a passing heating system. Heat can quickly escape through walls, floors, and roofs in a home without enough insulation, resulting in discomfort and significant energy waste. Effective home insulation creates a barrier that holds heat inside, keeping your living areas toasty and your heating costs down.

The selection of heating sources is a crucial component of a passing heating system. Modern boilers, heat pumps, and radiant heating are examples of energy-efficient heating systems that can significantly cut energy use without sacrificing comfort. Because of the precise placement of the heat source in these systems, minimal heat loss and effective operation are guaranteed.

To achieve a passing heating system, the layout and design of the heating distribution system are also very important. Distributing heat evenly throughout the house is facilitated by zoning controls, strategically placed baseboard heaters or radiators, and appropriately sized ductwork. You can increase comfort and save energy by getting rid of cold spots and making sure that every room has a constant temperature.

To sum up, effective distribution systems, energy-efficient heating sources, and effective insulation define a passing heating system. Homeowners can minimize energy use and cut heating expenses while creating a comfortable living space by optimizing these factors. By lowering carbon emissions related to heating, purchasing a passing heating system not only improves comfort but also advances sustainability initiatives.

Video on the topic

Tichelman loop – a passing two -pipe heating system

Heating of a private house by the loop of Tichelman | Passing System, for gourmets! Diesel engine-OZ.RU

Two -pipe passing heating system – with your own hands!!!