Types and characteristics of flexible liner for water, peculiarities of operation and selection

Selecting the appropriate flexible liner for your water system is essential to guarantee longevity and effectiveness in the insulation and heating system of your house. Knowing their quirks is crucial because there are numerous varieties on the market, each with unique qualities and applicability for particular uses. Let’s take a closer look at flexible liners, their features, and how to choose the right one for your requirements.

Water liners that are flexible are available in various materials, each with unique benefits based on the needs of your insulation and heating system. Polyethylene, butyl rubber, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) are examples of common materials. The flexibility, toughness, temperature extreme resistance, and chemical resistance of these materials vary.

For example, butyl rubber liners are well-known for having exceptional resistance to ozone and UV radiation, which makes them perfect for outdoor applications where exposure to sunlight is inevitable. Because of their exceptional flexibility and resistance to temperature changes, EPDM liners are highly valued for use in both hot and cold water systems.

In contrast, PVC liners are a well-liked option for residential water systems due to their low cost and simplicity of installation. Additionally, they have a long lifespan in a variety of environments due to their resistance to corrosion and chemical damage. Similar advantages are provided by polyethylene liners, which are appropriate for installations in rough terrain due to their increased flexibility and resistance to punctures.

It’s important to take into account various factors, including the intended application, budget, environmental conditions, and required lifespan, when choosing a flexible liner for your water system. For instance, a UV-resistant liner like butyl rubber or EPDM would be ideal if you were installing a water feature in your garden that would be exposed to the sun.

Furthermore, evaluate how well the liner works with the other parts of your water system, including the pumps, filters, and pipes. By ensuring compatibility, you can extend the life of your entire system by avoiding problems like leaks, chemical reactions, and premature wear and tear.

Type of Liner Characteristics and Usage
PVC Liner Flexible and durable, suitable for moderate temperatures. Often used in residential water systems.
EPDM Liner Highly flexible and resistant to UV rays and extreme temperatures. Ideal for outdoor applications like ponds and reservoirs.
Contents
  1. How to replace the liner
  2. When replacement is necessary
  3. The process of replacing the flexible supply line
  4. Connection to the water supply
  5. How to choose the right hose
  6. Instructions for connecting the supply line
  7. How to choose
  8. Installation of the water supply to the sanitary appliance
  9. Bellows liner for water technical characteristics
  10. Types
  11. Reinforced
  12. Bellows
  13. Stainless steel
  14. Correct connection of the toilet bowl is the key to your peace of mind
  15. Choosing a toilet bowl and the nuances of its installation
  16. How to choose the diameter of the flexible hose according to its type
  17. Conditions and rules of installation of the flexible liner.
  18. How to connect correctly
  19. Flexible hoses in a reinforced braid
  20. Selecting the supply line
  21. The main types of flexible lines for connecting water in the home
  22. Rubber and PVC hoses
  23. Reinforced liners
  24. Bellows hoses – construction
  25. What is a bellows liner for water and its scope of application
  26. Connection to the sewer system
  27. Connection of toilet bowls with angled and horizontal flush
  28. Connection of a toilet bowl with a vertical flush
  29. Frequent problems and their elimination
  30. Features of flexible plumbing fittings
  31. The main advantages of products
  32. Negative sides of the device
  33. Design and application features
  34. Pressure and temperature
  35. Material of manufacture
  36. Connection type
  37. Video on the topic
  38. Flexible Faucet Fittings Types, How to Install and How to Select Faucet Fittings
  39. How to choose a flexible water supply line
  40. Flexible water lines | What"s wrong with them? | How to tell the difference? | Plumbing tips
  41. Which flexible hoses are good and which are not?
  42. Flexible liner, what to pay attention to when choosing
  43. Flexible PEX water supply line, reliable

How to replace the liner

When replacement is necessary

The hose needs to be changed if:

  • The flexible hose has burst. Violation of the braid or rupture of the inner hose will lead to the formation of a leak and, as a result, flooding of the room. The causes of leakage failure can be high pressure in the system or mechanical impact;

A rupture in the connecting hose’s tightness

  • A leak has been detected in the flexible supply line at the point of connection with a faucet or water pipe. Leaks can be caused by natural wear of the gasket or a crack in the connector (nut).

Seepage where the hose connection is located

The process of replacing the flexible supply line

You will need to install a flexible water supply line in order to connect the faucet.

  1. disconnect the water supply. This can be done using the faucet installed in the apartment;
  2. Open the mixer taps to drain the remaining liquid;
  3. unscrew the hose from the water pipe using a wrench or a wrench corresponding to the diameter of the union nut. If the connection point is rusty and the hose cannot be unscrewed, it is not worth the effort to remove the supply line. In this case, a solvent or liquid WD 40 is applied to the rust, which removes the plaque;

Removing the flexible hose’s connection to the water pipe

It is advised to place a container beneath the fittings’ connection points to prevent flooding in the event that there is still water in the hose.

  1. remove the mixer. To do this, it is necessary to loosen the nuts fixing the device; Places of fixing the mixer to the sanitary equipment
  1. disconnect the hoses from the faucet with an adjustable wrench;
  2. Connect the new connecting hoses to the mixer and install the device in its original place. If the attachment on the hose does not correspond to the connector on the faucets, adapters are additionally installed. When installing the adapter, it is important to take care of the tightness of the connection, which is arranged with the help of FUM-tape or linen thread;

Fitting the faucet’s flexible supply line

  1. Attach the supply hose to the outlet of the water pipe.

It is best to screw hoses to the mixer and outlet gently as excessive force can cause the union nut or fitting to crack. The supply line has gaskets built right in, so there’s no need to use any extra tools to seal the joint.

  1. When turning on the water for the first time, it is recommended to check the flexible hose and connection points for leaks. Average test time is 20 – 30 minutes.

The video walks viewers through the process of changing the connecting hoses.

Replacing the flexible underwater independently is not a problem. The most important thing is to choose a hose that accurately matches every parameter.

← Methods for fixing a water pipe leak under pressure

Connection to the water supply

One of the following methods connects the tap water used for flushing to the toilet cistern:

  • bottom supply. The bottom-flush WC is characterized by quiet operation. However, when installing such a cistern, it is required to pay special attention to the tightness of the connection;

Water supply and toilet located at the base of the cistern

  • by a lateral liner. The side-flush WC is characterized by easy installation. The only disadvantage of the design is the noise when drawing water into the cistern. Some manufacturers of cistern fittings, in order to get rid of this disadvantage, lengthen the fill hose, which prevents the formation of noise.

Water supply cister with side access

The cistern’s design features, or where the inlet hole is located, determine which connection method is best.

When it is possible to connect:

  • flexible supply. Flexible filling hose is mainly connected to the water pipes and the cistern, directly installed on the toilet bowl;

Hose for attaching to the outside cistern

  • a rigid supply line to connect the cistern hidden in the wall. In this situation flexible hoses are practically not used as they have a relatively short service life.

The cistern connection is made in the following manner, regardless of the kind of supply line that is being used:

  1. a separate faucet is installed on the cold water supply pipe that supplies water to the toilet bowl. The equipment is necessary to cut off the water supply to the sanitary product in case of emergencies. The tap must be inserted in accordance with all safety requirements;
  2. one end of the hose is connected to the faucet and tightened with the locking nut located on the hose;

Attaching a separate faucet to the supply line

  1. the second end of the supply line is connected to the cistern and also fixed with a nut;

Attaching the cistern to the underwater hose

  1. Check the operation of the faucet and the resulting water connection for leaks.

One of the following procedures can be performed in the event that a toilet bowl with a side or down flush leaks:

  • Install an additional rubber gasket at the leakage point;

Ring sealing the water inlet

  • treat the water leakage with silicone sealant;

A technique to keep the connections sealed

  • wrap FUM tape around the threads.

Sanitized tape for securing fastened parts

The underwater hose needs to be replaced entirely if the aforementioned measures fail to stop water leaks.

The video provides a detailed explanation of how to install and connect the toilet bowl to the water supply and sewerage system.

It is possible for an inexperienced plumber to replace or install a toilet bowl and connect the sanitary product to the water and sewer pipes on their own. The primary directive is that all work must be completed precisely in accordance with the article’s layout, and each element’s joints must be regularly checked for tightness.

← Toilet bowl fittings with side and bottom supplies: variations, choices, and installation

How to choose the right hose

It is wise to base your decision to purchase a toilet water supply line on a few crucial factors.

  • To begin with, it is necessary to determine what exactly is the purpose of the supply line, the water of what temperature will circulate in it.
  • There are also such varieties that can be used for hot water. In such liners, rubber is used as the main element, which can withstand high temperatures.
  • Also good resistant properties to temperature fluctuations has a bellows liner, which was mentioned above. It can be used even in heating systems.

  • Reinforced piping is good to use when a boiler is connected to the water supply, toilet bowl or washing machine, because the temperature maximum recommended for it is 90°С.
  • In the modern plumbing market there are universal pipes, which are suitable for both cold and hot water. On such hoses, blue and red colors are used. Accordingly, for the water pipe for cold water is used only blue color, and for hot water – red.
  • For the right choice it is necessary to determine the optimal diameter and length of the future supply line. Such an indicator as diameter should be selected based on the water flow rate that is needed for the connected appliance. For example, if you choose a pipe under the sink for washing, then here the optimal diameter will be about 10 mm, for a bath – 15 mm, but if you connect the pipe to the toilet bowl, then the diameter of 8 mm is the best fit.

  • It is necessary to determine the method of connection. In order to correctly select the type of installation of the submarine for water, it is necessary to make measurements of the installation unit in the trunk line or spigot of the device, which is connected.
  • Do not forget about the different types of threads, which can be external or internal. This should also be taken into account.
  • Availability of gaskets. They ensure the tightness of the system, so it is necessary to make sure of the quality of the material from which they are made. If the raw material is of low quality, then the gaskets will start to crack and delaminate.

  • Connector. A sign of good quality of the device is considered a brass nipple (socket). If it is made of plastic, it is unlikely to be able to serve for a long time. Brass, aluminum, stainless steel or nickel-plated brass are used for quality fittings. It should be taken into account that a too thin-walled fitting may deform during installation. When used, it will begin to oxidize, corrosion will begin to appear on it.
  • Braiding. It comes in several types. If you need to find a supply line with an extended service life, it is worth paying attention to products in stainless steel or nylon braid – they are designed for temperatures up to 110 degrees and working pressure up to 20 atm. Their operational life exceeds 15 years.

See below for more details regarding toilet hoses.

Instructions for connecting the supply line

Specialist assistance is not required when installing flexible supply pipes. In just a few minutes, you can complete this easy process on your own.

Not only should new faucets have their hoses installed, but so do faucets that are currently in use. There are two situations where replacing the device is absolutely necessary:

  1. The supply line is badly deformed or burst.
  2. There are leaks in the area of connection with the mixer and the pipeline due to wear or damage to the gasket and coupling nut.

Connecting bellows and reinforced hoses requires the same installation process. The first step is to make sure that the product’s and its fittings’ integrity has not been compromised during storage or transit.

Next, take preventative action by fully closing the water supply system’s hot and cold water valves. You must open the faucet in order to drain the leftover liquid.

It will be necessary to use an adjustable wrench or wrench that matches the coupling nut’s diameter in order to install or disassemble. The section of the old hose that was attached to the water supply system can be removed with a key. In anticipation of potential spillage, containers are positioned beneath the fixing points.

The connection area has most likely rusted if unscrewing presents challenges. Applying a technical lubricating spray or solvent to the surface will easily remove the formed plaque. WD-40

After removing the hose from the water pipe, the faucet needs to be taken out by undoing the fastening nuts. Next, unplug the supply line from the faucet using the same wrench.

The order of connection for the new device is reversed. First, the nut is tightened by hand, and then it is tightened with a wrench.

Extra adapters can be used if the hose and faucet connectors are not mated. Linen thread or FUM-tape ensures that these connections are tight.

When installing the product, it’s important to follow these guidelines:

  • straighten the hose before installation, avoiding kinks;
  • screw the flexible tube to the outlet and faucet without excessive force;
  • to perform mounting so that it is easy to get to the place of installation for the purpose of preventive inspection (the recommended frequency of inspection – once every 6-12 months);
  • Connect pairs of parts made of similar materials to prevent the development of electrochemical corrosion, brass + copper is also suitable.

Testing of the linked structure is required during the last installation step. After connecting the water supply, the device’s functionality is assessed for 30 minutes in order to verify the hose’s tightness and flow capacity.

The bellows hose should be installed with a slight tension due to its sufficient length. The bend radius may not be greater than five times the outer diameter.

You should use a wrench to tighten the nuts once more if you notice droplets gathering in the fasteners. Should everything be in working order, the hose can be used to its full potential.

There is constant strain on any pipe that is connected to the water supply. This means that if the flexible tube is unable to sustain the systemic stress, it could potentially burst.

It is preferable to turn off the water supply taps and leave the house for an extended period of time to avoid having to deal with the serious effects of flooding.

How to choose

Numerous factors need to be considered in order to select the best flexible hose for each unique application, including:

  • The braid should be selected Depending on the room in which the pipe will be installed and used. Nylon pipe must not be installed near fire, and metal pipe must not be installed in rooms with high humidity.
  • The size should be like this, so that the pipe is not stretched at the connection, but you should not buy too long products. If the length of the hose is incorrectly selected, it will either be insecurely attached or twisted with loose rings, which will quickly destroy the braiding at the bends.
  • The hose should not emit a pungent rubber or chemical odor. Such a liner is strictly forbidden to use for drinking water, it is suitable only for technical needs.

  • The product should not be too light – this is an indicator of poor material quality. The best quality is considered to be a product made of stainless steel or with brass fittings, and the most low-quality – from silumin and zinc. There are hoses with plastic fittings – these are virtually disposable products.
  • The purpose of the supply line must correspond to the working temperature and pressure, specified in the accompanying documentation. Do not connect the blue braided hose to the battery or gas stove – this can lead to both minor troubles and real emergencies.
  • The hose should bend well, on the body should not be visible any defects. Packaging should be selected in one piece and with appropriate labeling.

Italy has a long history as a building industry manufacturer. The eyeliners produced by Parigi are regarded as some of the best in Italy. The longevity and dependability of their pipes account for their high costs. Every fitting is composed of high-strength nickel and has a minimum 15-year lifespan.

Another well-known foreign manufacturer is Mateu, a Spanish company. Products in the medium-price range can be found in nearly every third apartment. Its unique feature is the use of polyethylene-sewn PEX hoses. These brand’s hoses are suitable for installing heating systems as well as for cold water supply.

Equation Bulgarian liners are also widely available in the market for sanitaryware. The opinions of actual customers differ significantly, even with the excellent quality and affordable price. This is most likely because counterfeit goods proliferate on the market in proportion to the product’s increasing popularity.

These days, local producers are represented by businesses like "Akvatechnika," "Monolit," and "Giant." Their products are less expensive than pipes from other countries, and the quality is frequently not worse. Although most reviews for these models are positive, customers frequently point out differences between the product’s technical specs and those listed in the passport. Despite this, most people have a favorable opinion of Russian sanitary ware.

Installation of the water supply to the sanitary appliance

This task is completed in phases:

  1. Initially, it is important to completely turn off the water in the water supply system.
  2. One end of the supply line, which can be flexible or rigid, is connected to the pipeline, namely to its riser, and for this you can use an ordinary socket.
  3. The other end is important to connect to the toilet tank itself, for which there is a corresponding hole in it.
  4. Check the quality, reliability and tightness of all connections, and in this case you can use special rubber pads and sealants to make sure that water will never leak through these areas.
  5. Next, it is necessary to check the performance of the entire toilet bowl several times, for which the water from the tank is drained several times, and it is important to make sure that in the process of this action there are no problems. In this case, we can say that the water supply has been carried out correctly, so there will be no leaks or other defects in the operation of the equipment.

The water supply to the toilet bowl can be made very easily with the help of this straightforward and intelligible instruction, which also doesn’t require any special equipment or materials and doesn’t require much work from the user.

This makes it feasible to quickly and simply complete various pipe types made of various materials, and the work can be completed flawlessly. They completed the task with their own hands, so there is no need for extra money to be spent on other people’s labor.

  • Clog in the dishwasher: causes, ways to fix, prevention
  • Principle of operation, features and device of the cistern with a button
  • Repair of a single-lever mixer with your own hands: stages of work
  • Calculating the capacity of the pipe – methods, determining the optimal diameter
  • Installation of a shower cabin with your own hands
  • Assembling a shower cabin with your own hands
  • Shower enclosures made of glass without a tray with their own hands
  • Dimensions of shower cabins

Aqua-Sovet.ru, 2014–2017 Use of the materials is only permitted if the page containing the materials has an index link. Get in touch:

Bellows liner for water technical characteristics

Bellows hoses have the following operational characteristics that set them apart from other kinds of connections:

  • The service life of products mainly depends on the material of manufacture of the inner tube and operating conditions, the stainless braid itself does not change its properties for 100 years.
  • The temperature regime for which bellows liners are designed depends on the manufacturers, their maximum operating temperature reaches 250 degrees Celsius.
  • Bellows have a high resistance to internal pressure, which, depending on the diameter of the hose, the thickness of its walls and the material of manufacture of the inner tube varies in the range from 15 to 35 bar.
  • Bellows hoses are fire-resistant, are environmentally friendly products that are not harmful to human health.

Figure 5: Design of a flexible stainless steel liner with braid

  • In addition to the construction, the stainless steel braid and the anti-corrosion materials of the other parts give additional advantages to the bellows model – it is not afraid of negative effects of moisture, has high wear resistance and durability, its average service life reaches 25 years.
  • The advantage of bellows is their resistance to water hammer and their ability to dampen vibrations in water lines.
  • When bending bellows hoses do not change their cross-section – this reduces hydraulic losses in the mains with this type of products.
  • The main disadvantage of bellows is insufficient flexibility in places where a small radius is required when changing direction. This to some extent limits their use as liners to kitchen faucets.
  • The main disadvantages of bellows include their high cost compared to rubber hoses and braided products.

Figure 6: Braided faucet fittings – manufacturing material

Types

Although the industry is still in its infancy, a large variety of flexible liners are currently available. They are categorized based on a number of features, including internal filling, fitting type, and braiding. The classification based on braid type is the most prevalent of these.

Reinforced

Reinforced liners are among the most widely used varieties of flexible liners. It is made up of an outer steel braid and an inner rubber hose. The steel used to wrap hoses of varying lengths is colored blue for cold water and red for hot water. Fittings or nuts with rubber seals are fastened to the ends of the hoses.

These supply lines have a maximum operating temperature of +90 degrees, so heating system installations are not done on them. However, connecting it to a boiler, washing machine, or mixer tap is very handy. Benefits consist of:

  • Convenience and speed of installation, of all the tools is enough one adjustable wrench;
  • greater flexibility than other types;
  • greater strength compared to polypropylene pipes, as the reinforced supply line is reinforced with metal.

The following can be linked to the reinforced product’s drawbacks:

  • rapid wear of thin rubber seals;
  • rapid wear of the braid with frequent bending.

Although the reinforced product is much less expensive than bellows, it also wears out a little bit sooner. It has a 2-4 year service life on average.

Bellows

The bellows is a two-meter-long piece of corrugated steel pipe that can be stretched and compressed to the necessary lengths. Brass nuts with rubber gaskets, which can tolerate fairly high temperatures, are located at its ends. A metal harmonica of this kind can tolerate temperature swings between -50 degrees Celsius and +250 degrees Celsius. Water is frequently supplied to heating and cooling systems, such as split or fan coil systems.

These corrugated liner’s benefits are:

  • high reliability and durability;
  • resistance to water hammer and temperature differences;
  • such a supply line is not flammable and can be installed even near an open fire;
  • it is hygienic and completely safe for humans.

From the drawbacks, only one can be identified:

  • high price;
  • strong noise created by the water flow through such a pipe.

Although coiled tubing has a 25–30 year lifespan, its cost is very high. It can be used for gas supply in addition to water supply.

Stainless steel

Stainless steel hoses are more durable than traditional reinforced hoses and less expensive than bellows hoses. They can be as long as one meter, with a starting length of 50 cm. There are standard nuts or fittings on the reinforced hose and at the ends of the stainless hose. They are useful for joining the supply line to angled and conventional adapters. Among its benefits are the following:

  • high resistance to corrosion (higher than other pipes);
  • democratic price;
  • ease of installation;
  • resistance to fire and sharp temperature changes.

These hoses have only one drawback: they leak at the joints and soon lose their usability if the rubber gaskets are of poor quality or the fixing nut is not tightened enough.

Correct connection of the toilet bowl is the key to your peace of mind

Most people who live in multi-story homes are probably familiar with what happened to him when neighbors from higher floors flooded his house. It is essential to keep a close eye on all water supply and sewage connection nodes to avoid being an unsightly neighbor to others, particularly if the connections are made separately.

Allowing a flexible supply line to supply water to the toilet bowl

Many people think incorrectly that the corrugated connection system is installed only once when installing a toilet bowl. Nevertheless, compared to plastic pipes, which are nearly always utilized for residential water supply and sewage systems nowadays, its service life is substantially shorter.

Furthermore, the lifespan of the corrugated pipe can be considerably shortened by foreign objects seeping into the toilet bowl. This is particularly valid for pointed items like nails or wire. Their sharp edges are not only capable of getting stuck in the sewer system but also easily piercing the thin walls of the corrugated pipe. Soldering them is extremely challenging—one could even say nearly impossible. It would be more appropriate in this instance to just replace it with a new one.

The selection of flexible toilet bowl liners available today is enormous. Not only are there many foreign manufacturers represented here, but there are also many representatives of domestic production. Many people erroneously think that corrugated pipe made in other countries is superior. It should be noted, though, that there is essentially no difference in quality between domestic and international choices. Foreign parts are far more expensive by an order of magnitude. In this instance, it makes sense to wonder why pay more when the quality advantage is essentially unnoticed at the same time.

It’s important to select the correct flexible liner for your water system when it comes to insulation and home heating. There are several varieties of these liners, each with unique features and advantages. Making the best decision requires knowing the characteristics of each type, from flexible PEX to robust PVC. When choosing the right liner for your needs, factors like flexibility, durability, and compatibility with various plumbing systems are important considerations. Understanding the specifics of flexible liners will enable you to choose the right solution for your home’s water system, regardless of your needs—whether you’re looking for something extremely corrosion-resistant or reasonably priced.

Choosing a toilet bowl and the nuances of its installation

A necessary component of every urban home or apartment is a bathroom. The majority of people are completely ineffective if they don’t give this device’s selection the consideration it merits. In the meantime, there are a plethora of models that vary not only in terms of size and color but also in terms of the bowl’s shape, the outlet’s location, the cistern’s design, and other details.

The installation technique is dependent upon the type of toilet bowl. After all, installation will be impossible if, for example, the sewer pipe is installed in the wall and you bought a model with a vertical outlet channel. In this case, you will need to either buy a new sanitary device or modify the engineering network.

You must also choose how the water supply to the toilet bowl will be handled before making a purchase.

To prevent disruptions and issues with restroom functionality, it is recommended that you adhere to these guidelines:

  1. Choose the right toilet. A huge range of these products in modern construction stores allows you to choose any model based on personal preferences. It is desirable that the device you buy was not only beautiful, but also easy to install with your own hands.
    A significant influence on the choice has a significant influence on the price. As a rule, foreign models of sanitary ware are quite expensive, but there are also domestic options, the cost of which is quite affordable, and the quality is at the appropriate level.

When furnishing the bathroom, select a toilet bowl with extreme caution.

  1. Buy quality fittings, additional equipment and tools. The specific set depends on how the toilet bowl will be fixed: on studs, cement mortar and so on.
    In any case, you need to stock up on hoses, sealing gaskets of different diameters, polymer tape for sealing threaded joints, silicone sealant and other small things.
  2. Pay special attention to the preparation of the base during installation. The floor must be perfectly level so that the installed toilet bowl does not rock from side to side. This not only creates discomfort during its use, but can also cause injury.
  3. Connect the unit securely and firmly with the water supply and waste disposal systems. This is where the pre-purchased gaskets come in handy. Make sure that the dimensions of the gaskets exactly match the diameter of the holes.

The toilet bowl model and the sewer pipe’s location determine the installation technique.

Advice: Take a moment after completing the task to let the gels polymerize. The cistern can only be used for a test run after three to four hours.

How to choose the diameter of the flexible hose according to its type

A bellows liner and a rubber hose braided in nylon or metal make up a flexible water liner. Two tips—one for each end of the hose—on a flexible water supply line enable socket-to-socket, nut-to-nut, and socket-to-nut connections to pipes with diameters of1,1/2, 3/4, and 3/8 inches. The flexible supply line’s internal diameter has an impact on the hose’s flow capacity.

Flexible hose with metal or nylon braid is composed of non-toxic rubber called ethylene propylene rubber and is externally braided with stainless steel or nylon thread. This braid strengthens the hose’s mechanical resistance and shields it from hydraulic shock.

Since the substance used to make flexible liners is non-toxic and safe for human health, drinking water supply systems frequently use it. The maximum temperature this supply line can withstand is +95 degrees Celsius. Its application in hot water supply and heating systems is made possible by these qualities.

The flexible liner can withstand hydraulic shocks (operating water pressure up to 20 atm) because of its high mechanical resistance. The diameter (cross-section) of the flexible liner can vary depending on the needed water flow rate. The most widely used supply line in water supply systems has an inner diameter of 8 mm. Red thread in the braid denotes heat, and blue thread suggests that it might be used in cold water supply systems.

The nickel-plated brass sleeve and the metal braided hose are connected with a sturdy stainless steel sleeve. There are two types of fittings that come with gaskets for a tight connection that are more convenient to install for this kind of submarine: union nuts (which connect to the pipe with an external thread) or threaded sockets (which provide a dependable connection to the internal thread on the connecting equipment). It is advisable to use hoses no longer than 2.5 meters when installing a flexible supply line in a metal coil. There is a maximum of five years of service.

It is essential to thoroughly inspect the products when purchasing a flexible supply line. No dents, bulges, or other flaws are permitted on the coil or nut. The braid’s threads need to be straight, smooth, and devoid of protrusions. The connector’s components have to line up with the hose. There should be no bending or detaching of the sealing gasket. It is also inappropriate to have decorative covering flaws. Request the product passport and indicate the duration of the warranty while making your selection. Try to only buy the liner from approved retailers.

A corrugated stainless steel hose is called a bellows liner. This kind of supply line is made by twisting a stainless steel strip into a tube, laser-welding it all the way through, and then compressing it into a corrugation. The sleeve is welded to the welded sleeves. This kind of hose has a longer service life—up to 25 years—than a hose that is wrapped in metal. The bellows liner’s corrugated structure allows it to absorb thermal expansion and withstand significant pressure drops and water shocks. It can also maintain its properties in a temperature range of -50 to + 250 degrees Celsius.

Microcracks are formed in the metal during operation due to alternating pressure, which exacerbates the destruction. A bellows liner with a metal braid is used as a protected version in extremely harsh environments. It doesn’t violate the passage cross-section (at least 11 bends per point), is very flexible, and is simple to install.

There are drawbacks to the bellows supply line in addition to its benefits. The corrugated hose vibrates and hums when the water head increases, and this sound can be heard when using the kitchen and bathroom plumbing simultaneously. It is advised to select a flexible supply line with a larger diameter because of this. It is advised to use a flexible supply line with a 3/4-inch hose diameter when there is a high water consumption. A bellows coated in plastic can also be used to prevent vibration and humming while shielding the corrugations from harm.

Study up on the topic:

Conditions and rules of installation of the flexible liner.

So, we have come to the summarization that we see everywhere today. It is universal, that is, it is used both on cold and hot water supply. It consists of a rubber hose inside, and a metal braid outside, is produced in various lengths – from 15 centimeters to 2 meters. Ended with cap nuts or male threaded fittings of various diameters.
But
1. Initially, this device was conceived as a connection of water pipes with plumbing fixtures, not more than that, but resourceful guys, in order to save money and do not overwork to master almost all the wiring, and what"s to say – all the! … seen.

Do not misunderstand! Manufacturers’ claims of serviceability for five or even ten years are marketing ploys, and the stated duration on the tag is purely fictitious. The fact that the hose is insured is another guarantee! Sincerity? I am not aware of any instances where damages have been compensated!

2. Although the materials used to make the liners are exactly the same, the service lives of the hot and cold water supplies differ significantly. 3. The main line’s characteristics—namely, the temperature and system pressure—are the only factors that affect service life. We do comprehend, correct? There is a system where the pressure is between 2.5 and 3 points, and there are systems where it is 7 or higher. 4. The hose’s wall thickness shouldn’t be more than one millimeter.

In addition to the aforementioned, it is crucial to follow the installation guidelines, which state that: a) tension mounting is unacceptable; b) twisting the hose after tightening the nut is prohibited; and c) if looping is required, the ring should have the largest possible diameter. A handbook detailing the guidelines for connecting the flexible supply line and including a schematic is included with the faucet.

The following image depicts an emergency: In our construction, this is the current trend. In the Hurrah, "Overseas" manufacturers outfit their sanitary devices with these liners, and they frequently use only these connections when installing:

How to connect correctly

You can install modern water supply lines yourself because they are incredibly simple to install. The most important thing is to follow a specific order of events.

  • To begin with, it is worth to visually inspect the future supply line. Under no circumstances should a hose with even small cracks or other defects be attached. Even the smallest breakage can lead to much more serious problems.
  • To ensure that corrosion does not begin to occur on the elements, it is necessary to competently observe the connection of all components. For example, steel should be connected to elements of the same steel, brass to brass or brass to copper.
  • The hose should not be stretched or twisted too tightly. It is better to buy a longer part.
  • It is highly recommended not to tighten the connection nuts or fittings that have threads, otherwise they can be damaged.

  • When installing the pipe, the radius of its bend should be about 5-6 times the outer diameter.
  • After completing the installation of the water supply line, you need to make sure that everything is connected correctly. It is worthwhile to observe its operation for some time. If suddenly there is a small leak, then it is necessary to screw the connection points more tightly.
  • It is also recommended by experts that at least once every six months at least an external inspection of the hose should be carried out, as well as checking that all connections are tightly sealed. Every 5 or 7 years it is desirable to carry out a complete replacement of the hose.
  • The pipe should be easily accessible for ease of installation.
  • It is recommended to purchase hoses only from trusted manufacturers.

Flexible hoses in a reinforced braid

A soft hose with high elastic properties that is reinforced with a unique braid is the first kind of water supply.

The tube’s ends are fitted with fittings that allow the design to be fastened to the mixer. One side of the tube has a fitting, and the other side has a coupling nut with an external thread diameter. Since they are so reasonably priced, consumers are most interested in purchasing reinforced devices.

The hose structure is quite intricate, despite the straightforward production technology. Rubber, rubber, or cross-linked, cross-reinforced polyethylene (PEX) make up the base.

Experts claim that rubber hoses should not be used in systems that supply drinking water. The product is braided with wire threads the entire length of it. Braiding is manufactured using a variety of materials.

Stainless steel is the material that is most frequently used to wrap reinforced hoses. Its ideal medium-level operating parameters are as follows: the device operates flawlessly at 10 atm of pressure and +95 degrees Celsius for the liquid that passes through it. Stainless steel devices have a ten-year working life.

Budget-friendly in terms of cost and technical attributes is galvanized wire. Although the bellows is flexible, it is not strong enough and breaks easily.

More robust indicators are made of nylon. The highest operating temperature and pressure that nylon-braided hoses can tolerate are +110 degrees Celsius and 20 atm, respectively. They typically have a service life of at least 15 years, which is far longer than that of their counterparts.

Aluminum braiding is only appropriate for systems with working pressures no higher than 5 atm and water temperatures no higher than +80 degrees.

Because this material is prone to corrosion, it is best to use it in dry environments. Aluminum braided flexible hoses don’t need to be changed for roughly five years.

Selecting the supply line

In the event that replacing the flexible supply line becomes imperative, the mixer’s hose selection must come first. When choosing, the following elements need to be considered:

  • function of the supply line. Hoses for cold and hot water connections as well as universal products can be found on sale. Cold water supply line wrapped in blue thread. For hot water – red thread. Universal eyeliner has flecks of both blue and red threads;

An opening that can accommodate connections to hot and cold water

Experts advise connecting the faucet with a universal liner to prevent misconceptions.

  • hose parameters. Selecting the parameters it is necessary to determine the type of connection of the liner to the faucet and the water pipe (nut, socket and so on), as well as the type and size of threads. Threads can be internal or external. Thread sizes range from ½" to 1 ½". At the next stage, the length of the hose is selected. In order for the connection to be as reliable as possible, it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of stress on the hose. This requires selecting a device whose length is slightly longer than the distance from the faucet to the pipe outlet;

Choosing the supply line based on the kind of connection

  • material of manufacture of sockets and nuts. Brass is more reliable and durable. Connecting elements can also be made of aluminum (over time, the material is covered with rust and becomes unusable) or plastic (highly susceptible to mechanical impact);
  • The hose must be sufficiently flexible. If the hose hangs down while holding the hose at one end, the elasticity of the product is normal. If the hose is in a horizontal position, the elasticity of the product is low;
  • there should be no visible damage on the winding, nuts and fittings, which will shorten the service life of the product.

Every user has the autonomy to choose the most appropriate and long-lasting product based on the factors that are presented.

The main types of flexible lines for connecting water in the home

Several kinds of flexible fittings with the following characteristics are used to connect to the water mains.

Rubber and PVC hoses

These products’ primary benefits are their affordability and their capacity to function under extreme pressure; to achieve this, they are equipped with rubber-coated metal spirals or frameworks made of sturdy threads. The maximum pressure for which reinforced rubber hoses are intended is 10 bar, with the supplied liquid’s temperature ranging from -50 to +120 C.

These hoses are primarily used to connect gas stoves to water in homes. This kind of product is made in the United States by domestic manufacturers.

Polyvinyl chloride hoses with high plasticity, which are strengthened by an internal spiral, are a less common kind of flexible hoses. The products have a smooth inner surface and ribbed outer surface, are lightweight, resistant to harsh chemicals, and do not fade in the sun.

The primary application for PVC hoses is in the industrial sector, and their main drawback is that their small operating temperature range (-20 to +60 ¡) dictates that they must operate at a pressure of approximately 15 bar.

Rice.3 Rubber hoses that are flexible for gas and water

Reinforced liners

It’s a braided soft metal hose that can be made of stainless steel, aluminum, or galvanized steel. Occasionally, a synthetic nylon material is wrapped around the rubber tube (this type is almost never used in the home).

The characteristics of flexible reinforced hoses are as follows:

  • Products with steel or aluminum braid are designed to operate for no more than 3 years, the service life of stainless steel hoses is up to 10 years, hoses with nylon coating can serve for 15 years.
  • The aluminum or steel braid can withstand pressures of up to 5 bar in operation., The stainless steel is designed for 10 bar., nylon hoses can withstand system pressure up to 20 bar.
  • The maximum temperature of the working fluid in hoses with aluminum, stainless steel and nylon braid is 80, 95, and 110 C. respectively.

When selecting braided hoses, look for products with a stainless steel coating as they offer superior non-ferrous metal connecting sleeves and high performance parameters. These stainless steel products are not the same as the inexpensive aluminum ones, where the coupling nuts and transition fittings may be composed of brittle silumin, an alloy consisting of silicon and aluminum.

Figure 4: Adaptable PVC pipe

Bellows hoses – construction

Stainless steel of AISI 304 grade, with a thickness of 0.3 mm, is the primary material used in the braiding of bellows hoses. It is crimped into a corrugated shape and spirally wound during production. The bellows can be made as a fixed-length welded connection or by crimping, and the supply line’s length can vary up to a certain point.

The ends of the braids of multiple links are folded into the nuts and fittings, which are typically made of stainless steel and non-ferrous metals (quality brass, bronze) with chrome plating. Rubber or fluoroplastic sealants are used in connecting fittings.

What is a bellows liner for water and its scope of application

A bellows is a corrugated shell composed of different materials that can have one or more layers. Despite mechanical deformations, changes in internal and external pressure, temperature variations, and their combinations, the bellows retains its physical and chemical properties.

Rubber hoses are manufactured by inserting them into the corrugated jacket of bellows-type hoses and rolling out their edges to fit into outlet fittings and nuts.

The bellows-type water supply line can be used in the following situations because of its simple installation, excellent performance qualities, and capacity to dampen vibrations:

  • Connection of household sanitary equipment (faucets, toilets) to the water mains.
  • Water supply to shower and kitchen watering cans.
  • Connection of water supply equipment – hydroaccumulators, electric pumps, boilers, various sanitary fittings.
  • Use in heating systems for connection of storage tanks and radiators.
  • For water drainage from washing machines and dishwashers.
  • For connection to gas mains of gas stoves, domestic and industrial gas boilers, boilers, etc.

Figure 2: Main types of bellows flexible liners

Connection to the sewer system

Contemporary toilets come with a drain:

  • Horizontal to the floor surface;
  • located perpendicular to the floor;
  • located at a certain angle (most often the angle is 30º).

Where the toilet bowl’s drain holes are located

The method of connecting the sanitary equipment to the sewer pipe is chosen based on where the drain hole is located.

Connection of toilet bowls with angled and horizontal flush

The following options are used for the connection, depending on where the toilet bowl is located in relation to the sewer inlet:

  • eccentric collars. The device is a section of rigid, most often plastic pipe, equipped with an offset central passage hole. The angle of displacement can be different. The collar is selected based on the required parameters of the connection;

Sturdy collar for connecting to the toilet bowl

  • corrugated cuff. Such devices can easily change their shape and are universal for different types of toilet bowls.

Connecting a corrugated cuff to the sewage system

The use of stiff sleeves or reinforced corrugations is advised by experts because plastic corrugations deteriorate with time and lose their reliability.

Regardless of the type of cuff, the connecting scheme consists of the following steps:

  1. one end of the device, pre-lubricated with silicone sealant, is inserted into the sewer pipe;
  2. the alignment between the second end of the cuff and the toilet outlet is checked. If there is a large discrepancy, then it is necessary to install a collar with a large angle or the toilet flush is assembled from several eccentric collars. When using a corrugated cuff, the angle required for connection is straightened;
  3. The second end of the cuff is also connected to the toilet bowl outlet using sealant and an additional sealing ring;
  4. The tightness of the obtained connections is checked. To do this, a bucket of cold water is gradually poured into the toilet, increasing the strength of the flow. If no leaks are detected, then the joints are reliable.

Using different sleeves, connect the toilet bowl outlet to the sewage system.

As it may be necessary to move the toilet bowl in any direction while doing the work, it is advised to connect the toilet bowl to the sewage system before installing the sanitary ware on the floor.

Connection of a toilet bowl with a vertical flush

The following plan is used to mount a toilet bowl with a vertical drain (also known as the "bottom supply" of the toilet bowl):

  1. In the sewer hole, pre-cleaned of dirt and deposits, if the replacement of the sanitary product, rubber screw flange is installed;

Installing an adapter to install a toilet bowl

  1. the distance between the flange and the inlet is treated with sealant;
  2. the toilet bowl is mounted on the flange. The connection is also treated with silicone sealant.

Installing a vertically oriented toilet bowl

Frequent problems and their elimination

  1. Over time or if installed incorrectly, leaks may occur from the outside of the drain connection, during flushing or from the cistern itself. Such a phenomenon indicates only one thing – the gasket is leaking. To correct the situation, slightly tighten the plastic nut connecting the tank and the spigot. If after that the leak has not stopped, then cut off the water, unscrew the nut and pull the spigot downwards. Pull, the gasket should appear soon. Remove it, and at the tip of the spigot, make about 10 wraps of FUM-tape. Put the element in its original position and tighten with the same nut.
  2. Water does not drain. Check the liquid level inside the tank. By rule, this should be the upper level. If it is small, sometimes it is enough to adjust the angle of the float lever. To adjust the valve screw made of plastic is twisted. A screwdriver is required. For brass products, the lever is manually bent or the nut on which the float is attached is loosened and shifted upwards.
  3. Drainage is jerky. Inspect the drain lever fasteners. It is probably loose, and then the lift rod will not rise vertically. To solve the problem, simply clamp the bolt and adjust the lever in the desired position.
  4. The release lever has failed. There are special universal elements for replacement, to buy which today is not a problem. In some cases, substitutes have to be shortened. The main thing is that there is no adhesion between it and the siphon block.
  5. Lime scale. You can get rid of it with the help of citric acid and water. Remove water from the drain trap, apply a paste of the specified ingredients. You will have to leave it overnight. Such a mixture perfectly copes with plaque.

New in the "Toilets" section.

Features of flexible plumbing fittings

Unlike fixed fixtures, the supply’s movable structure allows for easy installation in tight spaces and difficult-to-reach areas.

The main advantages of products

Steel pipes are bent and clamped together during the labor-intensive installation process to create a large metal structure. The flexible product is much simpler to install, and the system’s overall quality and dependability are still quite good.

A sturdy elastic hose with a length of 0.3 to 5 meters makes up the device. On both sides of the connector, fasteners with rubber sealing rings are inserted at the ends.

Interior design solutions frequently make use of flexible supply lines. It is concealed in a different unit inside the wall when connected to built-in faucets.

This type of connector is typically included by reputable faucet manufacturers to complete the equipment, which is justified by numerous benefits:

  • comfortable and safe operation;
  • airtight construction made of high quality materials;
  • easy for an inexperienced user installation/disassembly process that does not require specific knowledge, skills and professional equipment;
  • resistance to vibrations and the effects of hydraulic shocks that occasionally occur in the pipeline;
  • long period of proper service if the correct operating conditions are observed;
  • maintenance of normal operation in a wide range of temperatures.

Contrary to their analogues, bendable liners allow for free movement in relation to the faucet and other sanitary appliances when needed.

Should you execute these adjustments with caution, you won’t have to worry about inadvertently harming the design.

Specialty stores sell trustworthy products that are properly labeled and have the necessary certifications.

Each of the attributes is fully detailed in the passport that goes with it. There should be a minimum of five years in the declared service life.

Specialty stores sell trustworthy products that are properly labeled and have the necessary certifications. Each of the attributes is fully detailed in the passport that goes with it. There should be a minimum of five years in the declared service life.

It goes without saying that the benefits listed above only apply to goods that are manufactured with high quality.

It’s important to look for products from reputable brands if you want to buy a hose with good technical qualities.

Consider Tucai, Mateu, and Uni-Fitt. These producers have sanitary permits allowing the devices to come into contact with drinking water and offer warranties on their goods. The brands Akvatechnika, Flexiline, and Monolit are well-liked by domestic producers.

Negative sides of the device

While elastic hoses are the best option for carrying water, they do have certain drawbacks.

The following negative nuances are highlighted based on the analysis of customer reviews that were extracted from social networks and thematic forums:

  • products are afraid of excessive twisting, tension, kinks, which provoke irreversible deformation of the structure and greatly reduce the service life;
  • If there is an open source of fire near the proposed place of installation, the installation of a flexible hose is prohibited;
  • When water is supplied to several rooms at the same time, vibrations occur in the bellows tubes, causing a characteristic rumble.

The device’s metal components eventually oxidize, which triggers the start of corrosive processes.

It is vital to indicate for which connection the sanitary ware will be used when buying a product. This determines the connection method. The sales representative will demonstrate the various connector types compatible with the faucets.

Additionally, keep in mind that some flexible liner types are susceptible to critical temperatures. Water that is too hot, almost boiling, can harm the device and cause unintentional leaks and flooding.

Design and application features

It is much more flexible than pipes made of steel or propylene. Actually, it’s just an elastic hose with fittings with either male or female threads affixed at the ends to serve as connecting elements.

The flexible supply line’s design

The flexible liner has a complicated structure in spite of its seeming simplicity. Therefore, the pipe is made of rubber, or EPDM rubber, to ensure adequate elasticity.

To guarantee a long service life, a flexible hose should also include the following elements:

  • Protective braid. Made of stainless steel wire. Necessary to prevent mechanical damage to the structure.
  • Crimp sleeve. Universal mounting component, in which you can install a nut or fitting with external threads.

The most popular design for flexible hoses is this one. It can change based on the necessary technical requirements, which need to be explained in further detail.

Pressure and temperature

Every plumbing system has unique indicators of its own condition. These are temperature value (DHW and heating) and pressure (water supply).

Therefore, it is imperative that these qualities be taken into consideration when selecting a flexible supply line. If not, it will malfunction rapidly.

The most typical flaw

Even for consumers who almost always know the exact temperature of the water, measuring at home can be challenging. You can use this indicator’s standard values in a variety of systems to solve this problem.

  • Centralized water supply – 4 atm.
  • Autonomous heating system with forced circulation – from 1.5 to 3 atm.
  • Central heating supply – from 2 to 4 atm.

In the latter scenario, unexpected pressure spikes could occur. As a result, models with a flexible liner and a reserve of 20–25% are advised.

Material of manufacture

The materials used in the construction of each flexible water supply hose varies. Most of the time, a rubber base wrapped in a steel braid is used for this. Nonetheless, a corrugated pipe or bellows must be used when the operating parameters are higher than usual.

To make it, stainless steel was used. Its unique design is characterized by the presence of alternating rings with varying diameters. The billet is selectively crimped during the manufacturing process, which increases its flexibility.

The following applications make use of these flexible liner models:

  • All types of water supply, except heating.
  • Gas supply.
  • In industrial spheres – food and chemical industry.

Although corrugated stainless steel pipes are expensive, they are good indicators of both nominal and maximum pressure.

Connection type

Any system’s flexible hose connection is made possible by mounting components that are positioned at the ends of the structure. These could be union nuts or sockets.

The type of connection must be identified in order to select the appropriate flexible hose model. Measuring the size of the mounting node in the sanitary appliance’s main line or spigot is sufficient to accomplish this.

It’s crucial to consider whether the thread is internal or external. The size of fittings can range from ½" to 1 ½".

Furthermore, the hose’s length is a crucial factor. It is crucial that there be no surface tension following the connection. This may eventually cause the structure to tear in addition to deform. This is the main cause of connecting fitting failures, which occur when they are forced into the supply line. The hose’s length can range from 200 mm to 5 meters.

When choosing a hose, consider the overall quality of workmanship in addition to these features. There should be consistency in the braiding and excellent connector pressing. Not all of the default rubber gaskets that are provided are of excellent quality. As a result, it is advised to swap them out for silicone or paronite pipes.

Selecting the appropriate flexible liner for your water system is essential to preserving its functionality and averting future problems. Given the variety of varieties on the market, it’s critical to comprehend their traits and operational quirks.

The liner’s material is one important factor to take into account. PVC liners are appropriate for a variety of applications due to their strength and chemical resistance. Conversely, EPDM liners are well-known for their flexibility and resistance to high temperatures, which makes them perfect for outdoor use.

It’s also critical to consider the liner’s thickness and flexibility when choosing one. More flexible liners are simpler to install, particularly in spaces with irregular shapes, while thicker liners offer greater protection against tears and punctures.

Efficient installation and upkeep are essential for optimizing the longevity of your flexible liner. Leak prevention and extending the life of your water system can be achieved by making sure the fitting is tight and by routinely checking for any indications of wear or damage.

In conclusion, making an informed choice requires knowledge of the varieties and features of flexible liners for water systems. Through careful consideration of material, thickness, and flexibility, you can select a liner that best suits your requirements and guarantees the effective functioning of your water system for many years to come.

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