Two -pipe heating system

Our choice of heating system is very important when it comes to keeping our homes warm and comfortable. A well-liked choice that has gained popularity recently is the two-pipe heating system. This system makes sure that every room in your house is comfortable during the cold months by providing a more even and effective distribution of heat.

The efficiency and simplicity of a two-pipe heating system’s design are what make it so beautiful. A two-pipe system uses separate pipes for supply and return, in contrast to single-pipe systems, which rely on a single pipe to supply hot water to radiators and return cooler water to the boiler. Better temperature control is made possible by this separation because it keeps hot and cold water separate and maintains a constant temperature in your house.

A two-pipe system offers more flexibility in terms of zoning in addition to more consistent heating. This implies that you can create distinct heating zones within your house and set the temperature in each one to suit your tastes. Zoning gives you the flexibility to create the ideal setting for any situation, whether you want your living room warm on movie nights or your bedroom a little colder for better sleep.

Topic	Two-pipe heating system
Description	A two-pipe heating system has separate pipes for hot water going out from the boiler and cold water returning to it. This design ensures more consistent heating across all radiators.

Two -pipe wiring of the heating system: classification, types and types

One or two pipes may be used in the water heating system. The term "two-pipe" refers to the fact that two pipes are required for operation: one hot coolant that is fed into the radiators directly from the boiler, and another cooled coolant that is taken out of the heating elements and fed back into the boiler. Such a system can operate on any kind of boiler using any fuel. It is possible to use forced or natural circulation. Buildings that have one story, two stories, or more floors are equipped with two-pipe systems.

Advantages and disadvantages

The primary drawback of this heating system organization approach stems from the coolant circulation method: two times as many pipes are required as in the primary competitor’s single-pipe system. In spite of this, the cost of purchasing materials is only marginally higher because the 2-pipe system makes use of smaller diameter pipes and fittings, which are also significantly less expensive. The cost of materials is therefore somewhat higher as a result. In actuality, there is more work involved, which means twice as much time is needed.

Two-pipe radial and standard heating system

This drawback is compensated by the fact that on each radiator you can put a thermoregulating head, with which the system is easily balanced in automatic mode, which cannot be made in a single -pipe system. On such a device, set the desired temperature of the coolant and it is constantly maintained with a small error (the exact value of the error depends on the brand). In a single -pipe system, it is possible to implement the ability to adjust the temperature of each radiator separately, but this requires a bypass with a needle or three -way tap, which complicates and increases the cost of nullifying, nullifying the winnings in money for the purchase of materials and time for installing.

One other disadvantage of two-pipe is that radiator repairs cannot be done without the system being stopped. Although this is inconvenient, you can get around it by placing ball valves close to each heating element on the feed and return. If they’re blocked, you can take out and fix a heated towel rail or radiator. You can use the system for as long as you’d like.

To compensate for the regulatory reinforcement on each radiator, the system can be designed to

However, there is a significant benefit to this type of heating arrangement: in contrast to a single pipe, which exists in a system with two highways for every heating element, water at the same temperature is delivered straight from the boiler. Installing thermostatic heads or taps to control the flow’s intensity fixes the issue, even though the system tries to take the path of least resistance and won’t spread past the first radiator.

One more benefit is that gravity heating or forced circulation systems with smaller pumps can be implemented with less pressure loss and ease.

Classification 2 pipe systems

Heating systems of any type are divided into open and closed. In closed, an expansion tank of a membrane type is installed, which makes it possible to operate on the system with increased pressure. Such a system makes it possible to use not only water as a coolant, but also compositions based on ethylene glycol, which have a reduced freezing temperature (up to -40 O C) and are also called antifreeze. For the normal operation of equipment in heating systems, special compositions designed for these purposes, and not general purposes, should be used, and even more so, not automobile. The same applies to the additives used and additives: only specialized. It is especially hard to adhere to this rule when using expensive modern boilers with automatic control – repairs during problems will not be warranty, even if the breakdown is not directly related to the coolant.

Depending on its type, the expansion tank’s installation location

An open-type expansion tank is constructed at the highest point in an open system. Typically, it has a pipe attached to it to remove air from the system and to set up a pipeline to drain the system’s excess water. There are occasions when they can obtain warm water for domestic use from the expansion tank; however, in these situations, an automatic system must be set up and additives should not be used.

Closed systems offer greater security, which is why the majority of contemporary boilers are designed for them. Go here to learn more about closed heating systems.

Vertical and horizontal two -pipe system

A two-pipe system can be organized in one of two ways: vertically or horizontally. The majority of the time, multi-story buildings use vertical. The ability to connect radiators on every floor is easily achieved, though it does require additional pipes. The primary benefit of this type of system is the air’s automatic output, which exits through a descent valve or an expansion tank depending on its tendency to rise.

Vertical wiring with two pipes for a multi-story building’s heating system

One-story or, at most, two-story homes are more likely to use the horizontal two-pipe system. The "Maevsky" crane is installed to draw air from the system for the radiators.

A two-story private home’s two-pipe horizontal heating system (click on the image to enlarge it)

Upper and lower wiring

By the method of serving the supply, the system is distinguished with the upper and lower feed. During the upper wiring, the pipe goes under the ceiling, and from it down the feed pipe is lowered down to the radiators. The return goes along the floor. This method is good in that you can easily make a system with natural circulation – the height difference creates a stream of sufficient power to ensure good circulation speed, you only need to observe a slope with a sufficient angle. But such a system is becoming less and less popular due to aesthetic considerations. Although, if you hide the pipes at the top under the suspended or stretch ceiling, then only the pipes to the instruments will remain in sight, and they, in fact, can be highlighted in the wall. Upper and lower wiring are used in vertical two -pipe systems. The difference is demonstrated in the figure.

With an upper and lower coolant eyeliner, the two-pipe system

With the lower wiring, the feed pipe goes down, but higher than the return. The feed tube can be placed in the basement or semi -basement (the return is even lower), between the draft and the final floor and t.D. You can bring/take the coolant to the radiators by passing the pipes through the holes in the floor. With this location, the connection is the most hidden and aesthetic. But here you need to select the location of the boiler: in systems with forced circulation, its position relative to radiators does not matter – the pump will “be sold”, but in systems with natural circulation, radiators should be higher than the boiler level, for which the boiler is buried.

Different radiator connection diagram for a two-pipe system

Dead -end and passing two -pipe systems

A system known as Dead East has multidirectional coolant and return movement. A passing system is in place. It is also known as the "Tichelman" loop or diagram. With longer networks in particular, the latter option is simpler to balance and adjust. The system will automatically balance if radiators with the same number of sections are installed and the coolant passes through them. However, in the case of a dead end diagram, each radiator will need to have a thermostatic valve or needle valve installed.

Two-pipe systems with two coolant movement circuits: a dead end and a passing circuit

The "Tichelman" scheme must be installed even if the radiators and valves/valves of various sections are already installed with it. This is because the likelihood of balancing the scheme is higher than that of a dead end, particularly if the scheme is lengthy.

Strong screwing is required to balance a two-pipe system with multidirectional coolant movement. This valve is on the first radiator. There’s also a chance that it will have to be closed to the point where coolant won’t go there. It turns out that you have to make a decision between the two batteries because in the former case the heat transfer cannot be aligned and the battery in the latter will not warm up on the network.

Heating systems for two wings

And yet, more often they use a system with a dead end circuit. And all because the lining of the return is longer and it is more difficult to collect it. If your heating circuit is not very large, it is quite possible to adjust the heat transfer on each radiator and with a dead end connection. If the circuit is large, but I don’t want to do the loop of the “Tichelman”, one large heating circuit can be divided into two smaller wings. There is a condition – for this there should be a technical possibility of such a network construction. At the same time, in each circuit, after separation, it is necessary to put valves, which will regulate the intensity of the flow of the coolant in each contours. Without such valves, to balance the system is either very difficult or impossible.

Connection of heating radiators with a two -pipe system

Any of the following techniques can be used to connect radiators in a two-pipe system: lower, one-sided, and diagonal (cross). A diagonal connection is the most favorable choice. In this instance, the heating device’s heat transfer may be between 95 and 98% of its stated thermal power.

Schematics showing how to connect radiators to a two-pipe system

Even though the heat losses for each type of connection vary, they are all still utilized—just in different contexts. Even though it is the least effective, the lower connection is more typical if the pipes are installed beneath the floor. It is easiest to apply in this situation. You can connect the radiators in different configurations with a concealed laying, but either the pipes must be concealed in the wall or there are significant portions of them that are visible.

If necessary, the side connection is practiced with a maximum of 15 sections. Although there is nearly no heat loss in this instance, a diagonal connection is still necessary when there are more than 15 radiator sections because without it, there would not be enough circulation and heat transfer.

Two-pipe schemes are more popular because they are more dependable, even though they require more materials to set up. Additionally, it is simpler to make up for such a system.

The benefits and drawbacks of a two-pipe heating system, methods for compensation and adjustment, and system types. Examples of circuits with upper and lower wiring for two-pipe heating

All about two -pipe heating systems

In comparison to a one-pipe system, a two-pipe system requires a notably greater number of materials for installation and is more complex. However, the 2-pipe heating system is more widely used. It is evident from the name that it makes use of two contours. One is used to supply the radiators with hot coolant, and the other retrieves the cooled coolant. Any kind of structure can use this kind of device as long as this design is installed in the proper layout.

Advantages and disadvantages

The existence of several noteworthy benefits explains the need for the double-circuit heating system. It is first and foremost better than single-circuit, as the coolant in the latter loses a discernible portion of its heat while traveling to the radiators. Furthermore, the dual-circuit design is more adaptable and appropriate for homes with different floor plans.

Disadvantage of the two -pipe system Its higher cost is considered. However, many mistakenly believe that since the presence of 2 contours also implies the use of a two -time number of pipes, the cost of such a system is twice as much as one -pipe. The fact is that for a single -pipe structure it is necessary to take large diameter pipes. This provides normal circulation of the coolant in the pipeline, and hence the effective operation of this design. The advantage of the two -pipe is that for its installation, pipe of smaller diameter is taken, which are significantly cheaper. Respectively, additional elements for installation (drives, valves, etc. D.) are also used with a smaller diameter, which also somewhat reduces the cost of the system.

As a result, installing a two-pipe system will unexpectedly cost more money than installing a single-pipe system. Conversely, the first will be much more effective, which will make up for the higher expenses. [/Note]

An example of application

The garage is one area where two-pipe heating will be very useful. Since this is a working space, continuous heating is not necessary. Furthermore, building a two-pipe heating system by hand is a serious task. Although heating in the garage is not required, it won’t be entirely unnecessary because working here in the winter is quite challenging due to a number of issues, including difficult starting, frozen oil, and extremely uncomfortable hand labor. The room’s two-pipe heating system offers very comfortable working conditions.

Varieties of two -pipe systems for heating

These heating structures can be categorized using a number of factors.

Both open and closed

The use of an expansion tank with a membrane is recommended by closed systems. They are able to operate under more pressure. In closed systems, coolants based on ethylene glycol can be used in place of regular water because they don’t freeze at low temperatures (down to 40 °C). These liquids are known to drivers as "Antifreez."

The items on the list are the heating boiler, the security group, the thermostat, the return pipe, the expansion tank, the valve, the drain valve, the circulation pump, the manometer, and the fill valve.

[Caution] But it’s important to keep in mind that specific coolant compositions and additives are needed for heating devices. Conventional substances have the potential to cause costly heating boiler breakdowns. Since the repairs will be expensive, such cases can be viewed as non-warranty. [/Warning]

The requirement for the expansion tank to be installed precisely at the top of the device is an open system characteristic. It must have an air pipe and a divert pipeline for the system’s excess water to be drained. You can also use it to obtain warm water for domestic purposes. However, using a tank for this purpose precludes the use of additives and necessitates the availability of automatic structural design.

1. Boiler for heating; 2. Pump for circulation; 3. Appliances for heating; 4. Differential valve; 5. Locking valves; 6. Tank for expansion.

[NOTE] Nevertheless, modern boilers are typically built for two-pipe closed heating systems because they are deemed safer.[/Note]

Both vertical and horizontal

The primary pipeline’s location sets these types apart. It functions to integrate every component of the system. Every system type, vertical and horizontal, has benefits and drawbacks. Still, both designs show good hydraulic stability and heat transfer.

Two pipes One-story buildings typically have a horizontal heating design. It is utilized vertically in tall buildings. It costs more because it is more complicated. Here, heating elements are connected to vertical risers on each floor. Because the air travels up the pipes to the expansion tank, vertical systems typically have the benefit of not having air traffic jams.

Systems that use both natural and forced circulation

These species are different in two ways: first, the coolant is forced to circulate by an electric pump; second, the circulation happens naturally and in accordance with physical laws. Structures with pumps have the drawback of being dependent on the availability of electricity. Forced systems make no sense in small rooms other than that they will speed up the house’s heating process. These kinds of structures will make sense in big areas.

It is important to take into account the type of pipe wiring being used when selecting the proper circulation system: upper or lower.

A main pipeline for the upper wiring system must be installed beneath the building’s ceiling. This guarantees the coolant’s high pressure, allowing it to flow through radiators smoothly and obviating the need for the pump. These devices have a more elegant appearance, and decorative elements can conceal the pipes at the top. Nevertheless, additional expenses are involved as a membrane tank needs to be installed in the system with the upper wiring. Installing an open tank is feasible, but it should be located in the attic or at the very top of the system. The tank needs to be insulated in this situation.

Installing the pipeline directly beneath the windowsill constitutes lower wiring. In this scenario, an open expansion tank may be installed anywhere in the space that is marginally higher than the pipes and radiators. However, in a design like this, a pump is essential. Furthermore, problems occur in the event that the pipe passes through the doorway. Then, you must either create two distinct wings within the structure or allow it to surround the door’s perimeter.

Deceased and fading

Hot and chilled coolant flow in different directions in a dead end system. In the passing system, which is built based on the "Tichelman" scheme (loop), both streams flow in the same direction. The simplicity of balancing distinguishes these types from one another. If a passing system with equal-section radiators is already balanced, then each radiator needs to have a dead end installed, either with a needle valve or a thermostatic valve.

However, valve installation is also necessary if radiators with an uneven number of sections are used in the "Tichelman" scheme. However, this design is still easier to balance even in this situation. This is particularly apparent in lengthy heating systems.

Pipe selection in diameter

The coolant volume, which should pass through a unit of time, must be taken into consideration when choosing the cross-section of the pipes. He in turn is dependent upon the amount of thermal energy needed to heat the space.

We will start our calculations with the knowledge that the amount of thermal losses is known and that the amount of heat required for heating has a numerical value.

The last radiator in the system—that is, the radiator that is farthest—is where calculations start. You will need to use the following formula to determine the room’s coolant flow rate:

• G – water consumption for heating the room (kg/h);
• Q – thermal power required for heating (kW);
• C is the heat capacity of the water (4.187 kJ/kg × ° C);
• Δt – the temperature difference between hot and chilled coolant is taken equal to 20 ° C.

For instance, it is known that the room will be heated by 3 kW of thermal power. Next, the amount of water used will be:

3600 × 3/(4.187 × 20) = 129 kg/h, or approximately 0.127 cubic meters of water per hour, is the result.

The cross section of the pipes must be ascertained in order to balance water heating as precisely as possible. Use the following formula to do this:

• S is the cross -sectional area of the pipe (M2);
• GV – volumetric water consumption (m3/h);
• v – water speed, is in the range of 0.3–0.7 m/s.

The system’s minimum movement speed, 0.3 m/s, will occur if natural circulation is used. Nonetheless, we use the average value of 0.5 m/s in the example that is being discussed. The inner diameter of the pipe is determined by calculating the cross-sectional area using the given formula. It’s going to be 0.1 meters. The closest larger diameter polypropylene pipe is the one we choose. The inner diameter of this pipe is 15 mm. It’s going to be part of our design.

Next, we calculate the coolant flow rate for the next room, proceed to the next one, sum up the flow rate for the calculated room, and measure the pipe’s diameter. Proceeding to the boiler itself.

System installation

The following guidelines ought to be adhered to when installing a design:

• Any two -pipe structure includes 2 circuits: the upper serves to supply hot coolant to the radiators, the lower – for the removal of chilled coolant;
• The pipeline should have a slight slope towards the final radiator;
• The pipes of both contours should be parallel;
• The central riser must be insulated to prevent thermal losses when supplying the coolant;
• In reverse two -pipe systems, it is necessary to provide several taps with which water drain from the device is possible. This may be needed in repair work;
• When designing the pipeline, it is necessary to provide the smallest possible number of angles;
• The expansion tank should be installed in the highest place of the system;
• the diameters of pipes, cranes, drives, compounds must coincide;
• When installing a pipeline from heavy steel pipes, special fasteners must be installed to support them. The maximum distance between them is 1.2 m.

How can I connect the heating radiators correctly to guarantee the most comfortable living environment in my apartment? The following order must be followed when installing two-pipe heating systems:

1. The central riser of the heating system is diverted from the heating boiler.
2. At the highest point, the central riser ends with an expansion tank.
3. Pipes that bring hot coolant to the radiators are divorced from the tank throughout the building.
4. To remove chilled coolant from heating radiators with a two -pipe structure, a parallel to the supply of the pipeline is laid. It must be connected to the lower part of the heating boiler.
5. For systems with forced circulation of the coolant, it is necessary to provide an electric pump. It can be installed at any convenient point. Most often the pump is mounted near the boiler, near the entrance or exit point.

If you approach this problem meticulously, connecting the heating radiator is not that difficult of a task.

The advantages and disadvantages of using two-pipe heating systems. Assist with the diameter-based pipe selection and manual system installation.

A two-pipe heating system effectively provides constant warmth for your house. Two-pipe systems have separate pipes for supplying hot water to the radiators and returning cooler water to the boiler, in contrast to single-pipe systems, which use the same pipe for both purposes. Because of this design, every radiator receives the ideal amount of hot water, preventing cold spots and keeping your house comfortable. Additionally, it’s simpler to regulate the temperature in each room separately, offering you greater comfort control and possibly lowering your energy costs.

Effective heating system: two -pipe scheme

It can be challenging for the apartment owner to choose between a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system in the event that they reject the inefficient central heating in favor of an individual system. We ascertain the optimal system type for installation, the distinctions between these connection schemes, and their relative importance.

The advantages and disadvantages of a single -pipe and two -pipe heating systems

The primary distinction between the two heating schemes is that the two-pipe connection system operates more efficiently because it has two pipes arranged in parallel: one serves the radiator with heated coolant, while the other removes the cooled liquid.

The single-pipe system’s wiring scheme is sequential, meaning that the first radiator connected gets the most thermal energy and the subsequent radiators heat up less.

However, while selecting a scheme, effectiveness is a crucial factor to consider, but it is not the only one. Think about all the benefits and drawbacks of each choice.

A single-pipe heating setup

• simplicity of design and installation;
• saving materials in connection with the installation of only one highway;
• natural circulation of the coolant, possible due to high pressure.

• complex calculation of thermal and hydraulic network parameters;
• the problem of eliminating errors made in the design;
• All elements of the network are interdependent, with a malfunction of one section of the network, the entire circuit stops working;
• The number of radiators on one riser is limited;
• adjustment of the flow of coolant into a separate battery is impossible;
• High coefficient of heat loss.

A heating system with two pipes.

• the ability to install a thermostat on each radiator;
• independence of the operation of network elements;
• the possibility of inserting additional batteries into the already assembled line;
• ease of elimination of errors made at the design stage;
• To increase the volume of the coolant in the heating devices, additional sections do not need to be added;
• lack of restrictions on the length of the circuit in length;
• The coolant with the desired temperature is supplied throughout the pipeline ring, regardless of heating parameters.

• a complex connection diagram compared to one -pipe;
• greater consumption for materials;
• Installation requires a lot of time and labor.

Therefore, a two-pipe heating system is better in every way. Why do home and apartment owners give it up in favor of a one-pipe scheme? This is probably because laying two highways at once requires a lot of materials, which can be expensive during installation. The total cost of setting up a two-pipe option won’t be significantly higher than that of a one-pipe, though, because the two-pipe system uses a smaller diameter pipe that is less expensive.

Apartment owners in new construction were fortunate because, in contrast to residential buildings constructed during the Soviet Union, new construction frequently featured the more efficient two-pipe heating system.

Types of two -pipe systems

Types of two-pipe systems are separated based on:

• type of circuit (open and closed);
• method and direction of water current (flow and dead end);
• a method of moving the coolant (with natural and forced circulation).

Systems having both closed and open contours

Due to issues with upper wiring of pipes, which requires the use of an expansion tank, an open type two-pipe system did not catch on in urban apartments. The apartment may not always have space for such a volumetric device, but it allows one to regulate and restock the heating system with water.

Dead-end and effective

The water current in the supply and outlet pipes does not change direction in the operating system. The coolant in the supply and return pipes flows in opposing directions when there is a dead end circuit. In a network like this, radiators are positioned in enclosed spaces with bypasses installed, allowing for their removal without interfering with heating operations.

Using both forced and natural circulation

An expansion tank is placed at the top of the system, and pipe laying is done with a required slope to allow for natural water circulation. The pump that is installed in the return pipe is the source of the forced circulation. For such a system to function, air-outlet valves or Maevsky cranes must be present.

The components of the two -pipe system of individual heating

The following components are shown in the individual heating network’s two-pipe diagram:

• heating boiler;
• thermostatic valves for radiators;
• Automatic aerial valve;
• Balancing device;
• pipes and fittings;
• radiators;
• valves and taps;
• expansion tank;
• filter;
• temperature manometer;
• circulation pump (if necessary);
• safety valves.

Installation of a two -pipe heating system with the upper and lower wiring

Depending on the installation plan, there are different versions of the two-pipe system. The upper and lower types of wiring are the most often utilized.

Installation work to repair the room’s heating system beneath the ceiling is part of the upper wiring installation process. Branches from the main pipeline file the batteries that are installed in cold air accumulation areas (balcony doors, window openings). The liquid enters the lower section of the pipeline through a divert where it circulates and cools. This system works well in large rooms; however, it is not advised to install heating with overhead wiring in one- or two-room apartments as it is not cost-effective for the owner from an aesthetic or financial standpoint.

The following scheme is used to install the heating circuit using the upper horizontal wiring:

1. The corner fitting necessary for connecting the pipe directed upwards is mounted to the divert of the boiler.
2. Using tees and angles, horizontal installation of the upper line is made: tees are installed above the battery, corners – on the sides.
3. The final stage of installation of the upper horizontal is the installation of tees with nozzles on a battery, supplemented by an overlapping valve.
4. On the lower branch, the outlet ends are connected to the common return line, on the site of which the pumping pump station (circulation pump) is installed.

Thermal pipes and dispersing channels are installed on the network using lower wiring. The following is how the lower installation scheme is superior:

• Heating pipes are located in the lower, inconspicuous part of the room, which gives more opportunities for the implementation of various design projects.
• Minimum pipes consumption: all installation work is carried out almost at the same level. The wiring point and the radiator pipes are located at a short distance from each other.
• Due to the simplicity of the scheme, the installation of such a system will be able to even a non -professional.

Crucial! Water cannot flow through the heating pipes unless the coolant is forced to circulate, in which case the lower wiring must be installed. This plan can only be implemented in one-story buildings or city apartments.

The scheme’s intricacy in balancing and adjustments is one of its drawbacks, but these are outweighed by the system’s simplicity of installation and dependability.

1. Installation work begins with the withdrawal from the boiler pipes using angular fitting in the direction downward.
2. The wiring is performed at the floor level along the wall using two pipes identical in diameter. One of them connects the boiler pipe with the entrance to the battery, the other is brought to the accepting pipeline.
3. Compounds of radiators with pipes are performed using tees.
4. The expansion tank is located at the highest point of the supply pipe.
5. The end of the outlet pipe is connected to the circulation pump, the pump itself is located at the entrance to the heating tank.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating system’s connection. Why is a two-pipe system preferable to a one-pipe system? Two-pipe solution types and installation guidelines.

Two -pipe heating system

In residential buildings, high-quality communications—including those intended for heating—are necessary for a comfortable living environment. One pipe and two pipes are the two sizable groupings into which they are split. The former is far more affordable and easier. Each heating device linked to the system receives hot water supply and allocation in a sequential manner via a single pipeline. A small, one-story home without a basement that has one pipe system is the best choice.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two -pipe heating system

Systems with two pipelines are more common because they can be installed in buildings of any size and shape, even though they are more expensive to install. Remember that it’s best to decide to install this kind of heating during the building phase. Though it’s not out of the question to install in a finished home.

Since one pipe supplies coolant to the radiators while the other, according to the other, is removed, the two-pipe system got a similar name. Since heating devices are connected in parallel, their temperature is independent of how far they are from the boiler or collector.

The dual pipeline system’s primary benefits are as follows:

• The coolant with all heating devices enters the same temperature;
• It is possible to install thermal controllers on radiators that allow you to adjust the temperature of the coolant;
• The failure of one heating device does not affect the operation of the rest;
• can be used in houses with any number of floors.

Among the drawbacks are:

• many pipes and connecting elements;
• Complex installation quite complicated;
• higher cost than a system with one pipeline.

Varieties of the system with two pipes

Two-pipe heating can have either vertical or horizontal wiring and either free-flowing or forced coolant circulation. There are numerous installation schemes available for single-story, double-story, and multi-story buildings.

The different densities of hot and cold water enable the system with natural water circulation to function. The following drawbacks restrict the use of such heating:

• The temperature in the boiler and radiators is changing abruptly;
• The length of the pipeline cannot exceed 30 m;
• high probability of freezing of water in the tank and radiators;
• large diameter pipes are required, which increases the cost of installation.

These flaws are what decide whether to add the circulation pump to the heating system.

Two-pipe vertical wiring in a one-story home

Because the feed and return levels differ, this system’s primary benefit is the ability to install pipes with the same diameter and high pressure. The installation of an expansion tank in an unheated attic is the primary situation that might not go as planned. But if you relocate the tank to a heated area, this disadvantage will go away.

The location of the pipes beneath the ceiling is probably not a concern for those who select the upper wiring. In this instance, the tank is below the ceiling, and the supply pipe can be positioned above the windows. However, it should be remembered that a decrease in riser length may result in a decrease in circulation speed. Under this plan, the pipes will always be located above the windows in every room.

In order to keep the tank in a heated room, you can cut a hole in the ceiling next to the riser if the space between the top of the window and the ceiling is too small. Its upper portion will not require any insulation. The riser will be longer in this instance. However, since the expansion tank is not consumable and cannot be combined, it will not be possible to pick up technical water.

When two pipelines are sailing, the reverse line is mounted by or beneath the floor. Connecting elements, however, cannot be used when installing beneath the floor. They raise the likelihood that a leak will occur.

The rooms’ aesthetic is ruined by pipes under the ceiling or over the windows. Furthermore, a portion of the heat escapes through the ceiling. As a result, a supply pipeline is shown in the diagram beneath the radiators. However, the principal ones Consequences of the upper wiring This doesn’t get rid of it.

Because of the riser’s high pressure, air traffic jams almost never occur when coolant is delivered from above. You can use pipes with the minimum diameter if the pump is part of the system.

Wiringa two-story house with vertical two-pipe wiring

This plan works better in a home with two floors because it improves circulation. because of the significant height difference between the boiler in the basement and the second floor’s radiators. The boiler’s hot water enters the attic or second floor camshaft and travels via an inclined pipeline to heating devices. This version, which is intended for the supply of hot water, allows the expansion tank to be coupled with distribution. When a wood boiler is present, the house is totally immune to power supply outages.

In a two-story building, a combined system that combines a single-pipe and two-pipe circuit may be even more effective. In this instance, it is possible to modify the temperature in each room.

Installing pipes in the form of a heated floor on the second story is an additional option. This component can be installed as a stand-alone one-pipe system. There is no need for the pipeline’s bias if the supply pipe is routed from the boiler to the second floor.

TO drawbacks The reason for the upper wiring is:

• large pipe consumption;
• problems when placing an expansion tank;
• non -aesthetic type of premises;
• additional costs for decorative decoration (to hide pipes);
• On the second floor, the rooms warm up better;
• It is not always possible to combine an expansion tank with distribution;
• It is impossible to install in rooms with a large area.

However, the primary benefits of the upper wiring—the rapid water circulation and the lack of air plugs—make it a popular choice.

System with two pipes and less wiring

The pipeline’s larger diameter and its angled placement with respect to the plane are the two primary characteristics of the horizontal wiring. The system can be installed using a pump (which provides forced circulation) or horizontal wiring and natural circulation. Homes with a good basement and a gentle roof are the ones that choose this design.

The supply pipeline can be installed beneath radiators or at the same level as them when using horizontal wiring. The primary disadvantage of this kind of system is that air traffic jams frequently form. To prevent this, Maevsky cranes must be installed on every heating device.

Benefits of the lower wiring include:

• high efficiency;
• can be mounted in an unfinished building;
• you can turn off the top floor, if they are temporarily not used or repairs are carried out there;
• All shut -off valves are installed in one room;
• the system is easily blocked and regulated.

Lower wiring systems can be connected in parallel to installed radios or collectors. The feeding and removal pipelines leave the collector in the second option. Better warming of the premises is required, but a lot of pipe materials and connecting components are needed for installation.

Features of installation

Observe these guidelines when installing a two-pipe heating system:

• The supply branch located higher than the divert;
• Ditting the pipeline laid parallel to the subsidover;
• expansion tank Be sure to be higher than the heating boiler;
• in heating with natural circulation The supply pipeline mounted with a slope towards the last heating device;
• radiators, bypass and closing contours are necessarily equipped with valves;
• When installing it cannot be created straight angles in the pipeline (they contribute to the formation of air plugs);
• With vertical wiring with the installation of a tank in the attic, it is required insulation of this room;
• Diameters of connecting elements must correspond to the diameter of the pipes;
• fasteners pipelines must comply with the requirements of the standards.

The collector must be installed so that there is an equal distance between it and every radiator if it is mounted in a heating system. The pipeline’s material is chosen based on hydraulic calculations and the house owner’s preferences.

Heating system wiring in a multi -storey building

The majority of the time, combined heating systems are installed in multi-story buildings with wiring running along floors with two pipes and on apartments with one. However, there are occasionally other choices.

The worst situation is when single-pipe wiring is utilized in residential buildings. Large heat loss during the coolant’s transportation is the system’s primary flaw. Warm water rises from below, gets dispersed across the apartments, and then flows back into the same pipeline. Usually, it is discovered that the upper floor radiators are almost completely cold. Even worse, should the system be oversimplified during installation and radiators are sliced into the pipeline, effectively becoming pipeline components. The first floor residents prevail. Even colder than with an uneven plan, the coolant reaches the final floors.

Not even mention temperature adjustments for the radiators. The feed parameters in one heating device will instantly alter the others in the system. Additionally, in the incident During the heating season, you must shut down the entire system and drain the water in order to replace a single radiator. To avoid this, special jumpers are utilized.

If you install radiators of different sizes—the first are small, and the latter are the largest—you can improve the heating indicators with a single pipe. This may improve the uniformity of heating. If the developer makes material savings, after settlement, issues with thermal energy distribution occur, and the residents are still not satisfied.

It is more convenient to use the two-pipe system because it keeps the temperature constant across all heating appliances. Cooled water from radiators flows back into another pipeline. Residents can also install taps with thermostats and change the temperature of each heating device. The system’s ability to incorporate radiators with a side and lower connection is an additional benefit.

Heating wiring scheme for a private house

The number of storeys and the size of the house are the main factors in choosing a heating scheme. For instance, nobody would install two pipelines in a one-story home that is smaller than 100 square meters. The owner will select a one-pipe system with upper or lower wiring based on whether the basement and attic are present. Horizontal wiring is preferred if the boiler is installed in the basement. Vertical wiring is the only choice if there isn’t a cellar.

If your home is large and has two or three stories, you will undoubtedly need to install heating using two pipelines and either vertical or horizontal wiring. There are benefits and drawbacks for both of them. According to heating devices, vertical wiring distributes temperature evenly; however, a well-insulated attic is required. The ability to install radiators with distinct connections and locate all regulatory devices in one room are two benefits of horizontal wiring. The horizontal system’s primary drawbacks are its high pipe material consumption, difficult and time-consuming installation, and incapacity to install heating components made of cast iron.

A closed one-pipe vertical heating system, known as a "Leningradka," is frequently installed in tiny two-story homes. Radiators distribute coolant from an expansion tank that is installed in the attic, and a vertical riser that is welded to the boiler complete the perimeter installation of the pipeline. However, the scheme’s ultimate selection is entirely based on the house owners’ preferences.

Double-pipe heating system: benefits and drawbacks, characteristics, and variations

The advantages and disadvantages of two-pipe heating system options. Examples of how a two-pipe heating system might be wired in a multistory, private building.

A two-pipe heating system ensures even warmth throughout your house in an efficient and well-balanced manner. A two-pipe system has separate pipes for the supply and return, in contrast to single-pipe systems, which use one pipe to deliver hot water and another to return colder water. This division lessens the possibility of uneven heating by improving temperature control in every room.

One of the significant advantages of a two-pipe system is its flexibility. It can easily accommodate different types of heating sources, whether it"s a boiler, heat pump, or solar thermal system. This adaptability makes it a versatile option for various homes and heating needs. Plus, with proper insulation, you can maximize the system"s efficiency and minimize heat loss, leading to lower energy bills.

In summary, installing a two-pipe heating system can be a wise investment for the comfort and energy efficiency of your house. Its versatile design that allows for seamless integration with various heating sources makes it a dependable option for contemporary homes. To ensure that your system performs at its peak and keeps you warm and comfortable throughout the winter, keep in mind that routine maintenance and insulation are essential.