For many of us, keeping our homes warm and comfortable during the upcoming colder months becomes paramount. The temperature of the coolant flowing through a heating system is a crucial component in guaranteeing its effective operation. This temperature is an important factor that affects everything from your comfort to your heating bill; it’s more than just a number on a thermostat.
In addition to keeping the cold out, the proper temperature setting for the coolant in your heating system maximizes energy efficiency and extends the system’s lifespan. Knowing how to control this temperature can help you save a lot of money in the long run and achieve more efficient heating, regardless of whether you use a heat pump, boiler, or furnace.
Moreover, there is no one-size-fits-all method for determining the coolant’s proper temperature. It varies based on a number of variables, such as your local climate, the size and insulation of your home, and the kind of heating system you have. To strike a balance between preserving a cozy home and lowering your energy expenses, you must identify that sweet spot.
In this talk, we’ll look at the significance of coolant temperature rate, how it impacts heating system performance, and how to set it for maximum comfort and efficiency. Let’s get into the specifics so you can maximize the performance of your home’s heating system this winter.
Type of Building | Recommended Coolant Temperature |
Residential | 70-75°C |
Office | 70-75°C |
Industrial | 75-80°C |
- The temperature of the coolant in the heating system: calculation and regulation
- The temperature of the coolant in the heating network
- Optimum temperature for the boiler room
- Coordination of water temperature in the boiler and system
- The principle of operation of heating regulators
- Advantages of using the regulator in heat supply
- Norms and optimal values of the temperature of the coolant
- Temperature norms
- Optimal values in the individual heating system
- One -pipe and two -pipe
- Coordination of the temperature of the coolant and boiler
- Ways to reduce heat loss
- The norms of water temperature in heating apartments and houses, drawing up a graph for heat supply
- What the water temperature in heating depends on what
- Heating norms in apartments and houses
- Calculation of the temperature mode of operation of heating
- Water temperature in the boiler and heating pipes
- The effect of temperature on the properties of the coolant
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The temperature of the coolant in the heating system: calculation and regulation
What is the ideal temperature for the heating system’s coolant to maintain a comfortable home? Many customers are interested in this moment.
Several considerations are made when selecting a temperature regime, including:
- the need to achieve the desired degree of heating of the premises;
- ensuring reliable, stable, economical and long operation of heating equipment;
- Effective transmission of thermal energy through pipelines.
The temperature of the coolant in the heating network
The norms are established because the heat supply system must operate in a way that makes the room comfortable. Regulations state that a residential building’s temperature cannot fall below eighteen degrees, and that a hospital or children’s facility must maintain a temperature of twenty-one degrees.
But it should be borne in mind that depending on the air temperature outside the building, the structure through the enclosing structures can lose a different heat size. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, based on external factors, varies the limit from 30 to 90 degrees. When water is heated from above in the heating structure, the decomposition of paints and varnishes begins, which is prohibited by sanitary standards.
To determine what the temperature of the coolant in batteries should be, specially designed temperature graphs are used for specific groups of buildings. They reflect the dependence of the degree of heating of the coolant on the state of the outer air. You can also use automatic adjustment according to the indications of the heating temperature sensor. located in the room.
Optimum temperature for the boiler room
Higher temperatures are necessary to ensure efficient heat transfer in heating boilers because the more heat that can be transferred to a given volume of water, the greater the degree of heating. As a result, they attempt to get the liquid’s temperature closer to the most acceptable indicators at the heat generator’s exit.
Furthermore, the boiler’s minimum heating temperature of water or another coolant cannot be lowered below the dew point, which is typically between 60 and 70 degrees depending on the specific technical characteristics of the unit and the fuel type. If not, condensate will form during the burning of a heat generator, which when combined with the aggressive materials present in the flue gases will cause the device to wear down more quickly.
Coordination of water temperature in the boiler and system
There are two ways to decide on lower heating system temperatures and high boiler coolant temperatures:
- In the first case, it is necessary to neglect the effectiveness of the boiler functioning and at the exit of it to issue a coolant of such a degree of heating, which is required by the system at present. This is what small boiler rooms do in the work. But in the end, it is not always possible to supply the coolant in accordance with the optimal temperature regime according to the graphics (read: “The schedule of the heating season is the beginning and end of the season“). Recently, more and more often in small boiler houses at the output, the water heating regulator is mounted, taking into account the indications that fixes the coolant temperature sensor.
- In the second case, heating water for transportation through networks at the exit from the boiler room is made maximum. Further, in the immediate vicinity of consumers, automatic control of the temperature of the coolant is carried out to the required values. This method is considered more progressive, it is used on many large heating networks, and since the regulators and sensors are cheaper, it is increasingly used at small heat supply facilities.
The principle of operation of heating regulators
The device that ensures automatic control and adjustment of the temperature parameters of water is the coolant circulating temperature regulator in the heating system.
The components of this gadget, which is depicted in the picture, are as follows:
- computing and switching node;
- the working mechanism on the pipe of the hot coolant supply;
- Executive unit intended for the jurisdiction of the coolant coming from the return. In some cases, a three -way crane is installed;
- increasing pump on the supply site;
- not always an increasing pump on the segment of the "cold pass";
- sensor on the line of supply of the coolant;
- valves and locking reinforcement;
- The sensor on the return;
- outdoor temperature sensor;
- several room temperature sensors.
It is now necessary to determine how the regulator works and how the coolant temperature changes.
Since the load is essentially constant, the temperature of the coolant at the heating system’s exit (return) is determined by the volume of water passing through it. The regulator, which covers the fluid supply, raises the required value of the difference between the feed line and the reversal by installing sensors on these pipelines.
On the other hand, a pump that is controlled by the regulator is added to the heat supply system when it becomes necessary to increase the coolant flow. A cold sophistication is employed to reduce the temperature of the water flow, which entails redirecting a portion of the heat carrier—which has already argued its way through the system—back toward the input.
Consequently, the regulator maintains adherence to the heating system’s temperature schedule by adjusting the coolant flows based on the information gathered by the sensor.
Frequently, one computing unit is used to combine this type of regulator with a hot water supply regulator. In terms of executive mechanisms and management, a device that controls DHW is simpler. The water passage through the boiler is adjusted using the sensor on the hot water supply line, resulting in a stable 50 degrees (see "Heating through the water heater").
Advantages of using the regulator in heat supply
The following are advantages of using a regulator in the heating system:
- It allows you to clearly withstand the temperature schedule, which is based on the calculation of the temperature of the coolant (read: “The correct calculation of the coolant in the heating system”);
- Increased water heating in the system is not allowed and thereby ensuring economical consumption of fuel and thermal energy;
- The production of heat and its transportation occur in boiler rooms with the most effective parameters, and the heat carrier and DHWs necessary for heating the characteristics of the heat -carrier and the hydraulic system are created in the thermal node or point that is closest to the consumer (read: “The coolant for the heating system is the pressure and speed parameters”);
- For all subscribers of the heating network, the same conditions are provided, regardless of the distance to the heat supply source.
Watch this video as well regarding the heating system’s coolant circulation:
Norms and optimal values of the temperature of the coolant
Temperature norms
Regulations governing the layout, construction, and operation of engineering systems in public and residential buildings specify the coolant temperature requirements. These are outlined in the state’s building regulations and standards:
- DBN (c. 2.5-39 heating networks);
- SNiP 2.04.05 "Heating ventilation and air conditioning".
Based on his passport data, the water temperature in the supply is calculated, and the value that matches the water temperature at the boiler’s output is accepted.
Determine the ideal coolant temperature for each individual by considering the following factors:
- 1 beginning and completion of the heating season at the average daily temperature on the street +8 ° C for 3 days;
- 2 The average temperature inside the heated premises of housing and communal and social significance should be 20 ° C, and for industrial buildings 16 ° C;
- 3 The average calculated temperature must comply with the requirements of DBN in.2.2-10, DBN in.2.2.-4, Dsanpin 5.5.2.008, joint venture No. 3231-85.
The following are the coolant’s limiting indicators, per SNiP 2.04.05 "Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning" (paragraph 3.20):
- 1 for the hospital – 85 ° C (excluding psychiatric and drug deals, as well as administrative or household premises);
- 2 for residential, public, as well as household structures (not counting the halls for sports, trade, spectators and passengers) – 90 ° C;
- 3 for the auditoriums, restaurants and premises for the production of category A and B – 105 ° C;
- 4 for catering enterprises (excluding restaurants) – this is 115 ° C;
- 5 for production premises (category B, G and D), where combustible dust and aerosols – 130 ° C are distinguished;
- 6 for stairwells, lobby, transitions for pedestrians, technical equipment, residential buildings, production premises without sunbathing dust and aerosols – 150 ° C.
The water temperature in the heating system can range from 30 to 90 °C, depending on outside conditions. Dust and paintwork start to break down at temperatures above 90 °C. Sanitary standards forbid the use of higher temperatures for these reasons.
Special graphs and tables that show the norms based on the season can be used to calculate the best indicators:
- With an average indicator outside the window of 0 ° C, the supply for radiators with various wiring is set at a level of 40 to 45 ° C, and the return temperature is from 35 to 38 ° C;
- At -20 ° C for the supply, heating is carried out from 67 to 77 ° C, and the return rate should be from 53 to 55 ° C;
- At -40 ° C outside the window for all heating devices, the maximum permissible values are placed. On the presentation it is from 95 to 105 ° C, and on the return – 70 ° C.
Optimal values in the individual heating system
Numerous issues with a centralized network can be avoided with autonomous heating, and the ideal coolant temperature can be changed based on the time of year. The heat transfer of the heating device per unit area of the room where it is installed is included in the concept of the norm when it comes to individual heating. In this case, the heating devices’ constructive features guarantee the thermal regime.
Making sure the heat carrier on the network doesn’t cool below 70 °C is crucial. An indicator reading of 80 °C is thought to be ideal. Because gas boiler manufacturers only allow the coolant to reach a temperature of 90 °C, controlling the heating is simpler with these boilers. It is possible to modify the coolant’s heating by using sensors to change the gas supply.
Hard-fuel devices are slightly more complex; they are unable to control fluid heating and can quickly produce steam. And in such a case, turning the handle will not lessen the heat from coal or wood. Here, mechanical shutters and rotary thermostats regulate the coolant’s heating in a sufficiently conditional manner with high error rates.
With electric boilers, you can easily change the coolant’s temperature from 30 to 90 °C. They have a very good overheating protection system installed.
One -pipe and two -pipe
Different standards for heating the coolant are determined by the design features of a single-pipe and two-pipe heating network.
For instance, the maximum norm for a single pipe line is 105 °C, and the maximum norm for a two-pipe line is 95 °C. The difference between the feed and return should be 95 °C and 105 °C, respectively.
Coordination of the temperature of the coolant and boiler
Regulators assist in regulating the boiler’s and coolant’s temperatures. These are gadgets that allow the supply and return temperatures to be automatically controlled and adjusted.
The amount of fluid flowing through it determines the return temperature of the. The required signs are mounted on the sensor, and the regulators cover the fluid supply and raise the required amount of the difference between the supply and return.
A pumping pump that is managed by the regulator can be added to the network if the flow needs to be increased. "Cold start" is used to lower the supply’s heating temperature; a portion of the liquid that traveled through the network is moved from the return to the input once more.
In accordance with the data that the sensor extracted, the regulator redistributes the flow and return streams and establishes stringent heating network temperature standards.
Maintaining a comfortable indoor environment and ensuring efficient energy use are dependent on the temperature of the coolant in your home heating system. The ideal temperature is one that will heat your house efficiently on the coldest days without wasting energy or overheating your space in the milder months. By reducing excessive wear and tear on your heating system, maintaining this temperature balance can result in significant savings on your heating bills. One way to prevent the discomfort of unevenly heated rooms is to maintain a more consistent heat distribution through proper management of coolant temperature.
Ways to reduce heat loss
The information above will assist you in accurately calculating the coolant’s temperature rate and in identifying the circumstances in which a regulator is required.
However, it’s crucial to keep in mind that other factors, such as wind force and street air temperature, also affect the room’s temperature. It’s important to consider how well-insulated the house’s windows, doors, and facade are.
You must be concerned about a housing’s maximum thermal insulation if you want to lower heat loss. One can lessen heat leakage by using compacted doors, insulated walls, and metal-plastic windows. The cost of heating will also go down.
(As there are no evaluations.)
The norms of water temperature in heating apartments and houses, drawing up a graph for heat supply
Numerous factors affect the heating system’s efficiency. These include the operating temperature mode, radiator heat transfer coefficient, and nominal power. It’s critical to select the coolant’s heating level accurately for the final indicator. As a result, you must ascertain the ideal boiler, radiator, and water temperature in the heating system.
What the water temperature in heating depends on what
A graph of the heating system’s water temperature is required for the heat supply to function properly. It states that the influence of specific external factors determines the coolant’s ideal degree of heating. It can be used to calculate the ideal water temperature in the heating batteries during specific system operating periods.
Water heater in the house
The idea that the cooler’s degree of heating should be higher is a common misconception. But as fuel consumption rises, so do present expenses.
Frequently, the heating batteries’ low temperature does not mean that the heat heating regulations are broken. The design of the low-temperature heat supply system was straightforward. For this reason, extra care should be taken in accurately calculating the heating of water.
The ideal water temperature in heating pipes is mostly determined by outside variables. The following factors must be considered in order to determine it:
- Thermal losses at home. They are determining for calculating any type of heat supply. Their calculation will be the first stage in the design of heat supply;
- The characteristics of the boiler. If the work of this component does not meet the calculated requirements – the water temperature in the heating system of a private house will not rise to the desired level;
- Material of the manufacture of pipes and radiators. In the first case, it is necessary to use pipes with a minimum heat conductivity indicator. This will reduce thermal losses in the system during the transportation of the coolant from the heat exchanger of the boiler to radiators. For batteries, the opposite is important – high thermal conductivity. Therefore, the water temperature in central heating radiators made of cast iron should be slightly higher than that of aluminum or bimetallic structures.
Is it feasible to ascertain the ideal temperature for heating batteries on your own? It is dependent upon the properties of the individual system parts. You should become familiar with the characteristics of batteries, boilers, and heat supply pipes in order to accomplish this.
The apartment’s heating pipes’ temperature is not a significant indicator for the centralized heat supply system. Respecting the standards for air heating in living rooms is crucial.
Heating norms in apartments and houses
The degree of water heating in heat supply radiators and pipes is actually a subjective measure. Understanding the system’s heat transfer is far more crucial. It therefore relies on the lowest and highest temperatures at which the heating system’s water can be reached while it is in use.
Measurement of heating batteries
The standards for central heating are highly relevant to independent heat production. The PRF No. 354 resolution contains a detailed description of them. Notably, there is no indication of the minimum water temperature in the heating system.
The room’s air temperature is the only thing that needs to be monitored. Thus, one system’s temperature mode of operation may differ from another’s, theoretically speaking. Everything is dependent upon the impact of the previously mentioned factors.
You should familiarize yourself with the current norms to determine the proper temperature for the heating pipes. They categorize their content into residential and non-residential spaces and discuss how the time of day affects how heated the air is.
- In the rooms in the daytime. In this case, the rate of heating temperature in the apartment should leave +18 ° C for premises in the middle of the house and +20 ° C in corner;
- In living rooms at night. Some decrease is allowed. But at the same time, the temperature of heating radiators in the apartment should provide, respectively +15 ° C and +17 ° C.
The management firm is in charge of making sure these standards are followed. Should they violate this, you have the option to have the cost of heating services recalculated. The temperature table for heating, which includes the coolant’s heating values and the system’s load level, is created for autonomous heat supply. In addition, nobody is accountable for breaking this timetable. This will have an impact on how comfortable renting a private home is.
Maintaining the necessary level of air heating in stairwells and non-residential buildings is a requirement for central heating. In order to heat the air to a minimum of +12 °C, the water temperature in heating batteries needs to be set accordingly.
Calculation of the temperature mode of operation of heating
The characteristics of each component must be considered when calculating the heat supply. With radiators in particular, this is accurate. Which temperature is ideal for the heating batteries: +95 °C or +70 °C? Everything is dependent upon the thermal computation, which is carried out during the design phase.
One illustration of a heating schedule
The building’s thermal losses must be ascertained first. A boiler with the right amount of power is chosen based on the information gathered. The hardest part of the design process then begins: figuring out the heat supply batteries’ specifications.
They must be able to transfer heat to a certain degree, which will have an impact on the heating system’s water temperature schedule. The parameter is mentioned by the manufacturers, but only for a specific system operating mode.
If 2 kW of thermal energy is required to maintain a comfortable level of air heating in the room, then radiators must have a heat transfer indicator of at least one.
You must be aware of the following values in order to determine this:
- The maximum water temperature in the heating system is permissible -T1. It depends on the power of the boiler, the temperature limit of the impact on the pipes (especially polymer);
- Optimal the temperature that should be in the reverse heating pipes – t this is determined by the type of trunk wiring (one -pipe or two -pipe) and the total length of the system;
- The necessary degree of air heating in the room -t.
Using this information, you can use the following formula to determine the battery’s temperature pressure:
Furthermore, the following formula should be applied to find the radiator’s power:
Where K is the heating device’s heat transfer coefficient. The radiator area (F) and thermal pressure (TNAP) should be noted in the passport.
You can find the best way for the heating system to operate by adjusting different indicators of the system’s maximum and lowest water temperature. It’s crucial to initially determine the heating device’s power requirements accurately. The low temperature indicator in heating batteries is typically linked to mistakes in the heating design. Experts advise increasing the obtained radiator power by a tiny amount, roughly 5%. This will be required in the event that the street temperature drops significantly during the winter.
The majority of manufacturers list radiator heat transfer for the 75/65/20 mode in accordance with the approved EN 442 standards. This is in line with the apartment’s rate of temperature heating.
Water temperature in the boiler and heating pipes
The heating temperature table for the boiler and pipes must be adjusted following the completion of the aforementioned computation. A temperature schedule violation is a common cause of emergency situations that shouldn’t occur while the heat supply is operating.
Up to +90 °C is the typical temperature of the water in central heating batteries. This is closely observed during the coolant preparation, distribution, and transit phases into residential apartments.
The situation pertaining to self-sufficient heating is considerably more intricate. In this instance, the house owner has total control over everything. It is imperative to guarantee that the water temperature in the heating pipes is not monitored, as this falls outside the purview of the prepared schedule. This could have an impact on the system’s safety.
When a private home’s heating system’s water temperature indicator rises above average, the following scenarios could happen:
- Damage to pipelines. This is especially true for polymer highways, in which the maximum heating can be +85 ° C. That is why the normal value of the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is usually +70 ° C. Otherwise, deformation of the highway may occur and a impulse will occur;
- Exceeding the heating of the air. If the temperature of the heat supply radiators in the apartment provokes an increase in the degree of heating of air over +27 ° C – this goes beyond the norm;
- Reducing the life of the heating components. This applies to both radiators and pipes. Over time, the maximum water temperature in the heat supply system will lead to breakdown.
Air traffic jams are also caused by the autonomous heating system’s water temperature schedule being broken. This happens as a result of the coolant changing from a liquid to a gas. Furthermore, this influences the development of corrosion on the metal parts of the system’s surface. Because of this, it’s essential to precisely determine the ideal temperature for the heat supply batteries while accounting for the materials used in their production.
In solid fuel boilers, violations of the thermal operating mode are typically seen. This results from their inability to modify their power. It is challenging to swiftly cut the boiler’s power once the heating pipes are reached by the critical temperature levels.
The effect of temperature on the properties of the coolant
Apart from the aforementioned elements, the properties of water in heat supply pipes are influenced by its temperature. This is founded on the idea of how gravitational heating systems work. The expansion and circulation of the heated water happen as the temperature rises.
Heating elements for the system’s heating
When using antifreeze, however, going above and beyond the recommended temperature when heating batteries can have unintended consequences. Therefore, you should first ascertain the appropriate heating indicators for heat supplies that use coolants other than water. Since these systems don’t use antifreeze fluid, this doesn’t apply to the temperature of the apartment’s centralized heat supply radiators.
When heating batteries and there’s a chance of a low temperature, antifreeze is used. It does not transition from a liquid to a crystal form when the temperature drops below 0°C, in contrast to water. Nevertheless, the following phenomena could happen if the heat supply work is taken into account for the temperature table’s norms for heating in a wider direction:
- Foam formation. This entails an increase in the volume of the coolant and, as a result, the increase in pressure. The reverse process when cooling antifreeze will not be observed;
- Formation of lime plaque. The composition of the antifreeze includes a certain number of mineral components. In case of violation of the rate of heating temperature in the apartment, their precipitate begins to a large way. Over time, this will lead to a suction of pipes and radiators;
- Increase in the density. Circulation pumps may be observed if its rated power has not been designed for such situations.
Therefore, controlling the amount of heating of antifreeze is much more difficult than simply keeping an eye on the water’s temperature in a private home’s heat supply system. Furthermore, when ethylene glycol compounds evaporate, they release gas that is toxic to humans. They are hardly ever utilized as a coolant in self-contained heat supply systems nowadays.
Apply paranite to all rubber gaskets before adding antifreeze. This is because this kind of coolant has a higher permeability indicator.
Optimizing your home’s comfort and efficiency depends on controlling the coolant temperature in your heating system. By keeping your heating system from being overworked or consuming extra energy, you can guarantee that your living areas are heated evenly. In addition to keeping your house warm throughout the winter, this balance lowers your overall energy costs.
It’s crucial to keep in mind that your home’s unique requirements and the kind of heating system you have will determine the ideal coolant temperature. Modern, well-insulated systems can function well at lower temperatures, but older systems might need to be slightly higher to make up for inefficiencies. This emphasizes how crucial it is to understand your system and possibly seek professional advice in order to identify the best settings.
Furthermore, optimizing heating efficiency and energy use can be achieved by modifying the temperature in accordance with seasonal variations. You may not require as high of a temperature as you would in the dead of winter during the transitional seasons of autumn and spring. These changes not only improve comfort, but they also keep your heating system from working longer by not requiring as much energy.
Finally, managing the coolant temperature in your heating system is a simple but effective way to improve comfort and energy efficiency in your house. You can enjoy a warm home more affordably and sustainably by adjusting the system’s settings to your household’s unique needs and the varying seasons. All of these advantages will also be sustained over the course of your heating system’s lifetime with routine inspections and maintenance.