The specific gravity of mineral wool

Knowing the materials we use in our homes is essential to maintaining them warm and energy-efficient. Mineral wool is one such substance that is important for insulation. Because it is so good at insulating against heat and sound, mineral wool is a common choice for homes. But the specific gravity of mineral wool is a feature that is frequently disregarded.

The density of a substance in relation to water’s density is referred to as specific gravity. Specific gravity provides information about the density and weight of mineral wool insulation. It is crucial to comprehend this feature since it affects handling and installation procedures in addition to the insulation’s performance.

There are several varieties of mineral wool insulation, including rolls, batts, and loose-fill. Every one of these forms has a unique specific gravity that affects which applications work best for it. For instance, higher specific gravity, high-density mineral wool is perfect for places like attics or exterior walls that need more insulation.

However, where weight is an issue, lower-density mineral wool with a lower specific gravity might be a better fit for cavities or other spaces. Homeowners and builders can choose the best kind of insulation for their needs by being aware of the mineral wool’s specific gravity.

Type	Specific Gravity
Rock wool	2.2 – 3.0
Glass wool	1.7 – 2.0

How to understand the density of mineral wool density?

• What is mineral wool density?
• Varieties of mineral wool
• How to use mineral wool?
• The use of mineral wool with different density

Mineral wool is one of the most widely used heaters in use today, utilized by both professional and private builders. Aside from its ability to prevent heat loss and fight fires, its primary functions include ease of installation and the capacity to utilize a single type of insulation for nearly all of the house’s major structural components, including the floor, walls, and roof.

Because it has both fire-fighting and thermal insulation qualities, mineral wool is frequently used as a thermal insulation material.

But you must be aware of its qualities in order to use mineral wool as a heater appropriately and with the utmost care. Additionally, the density and thickness of the insulation are the most crucial indicators that directly affect its thermal properties.

What is mineral wool density?

You must first determine the density of the heater in order to select one that satisfies the requirements. It’s easy to figure out when you’re buying: a heater with a higher density will cost more. Furthermore, using the maximum density of mineral wool to insulate individual nodes is not always a sensible choice.

Features of mineral wool.

Weight is a reasonable indicator of this parameter for mineral wool because it is expressed in kilograms per square meter. The true indicator of this parameter in this case is not grave; rather, it is the number of fibers per cubic meter of the material. The exact number of fibers varies based on the production technology employed. Price increases result from increased material consumption during production, which is correlated with higher densities.

Mineral wool has an extremely wide range of density variations (from 30 to 220 kg/m³). Its technical and physical characteristics differ greatly as a result. However, there is a consistent pattern: the distribution load that the mineral wool slab can bear increases with density. It should be highlighted that this only pertains to the fibers’ density. This category is inappropriate for varieties reinforced with mineral wool amplifiers.

To utilize mineral wool insulation effectively, you must understand, at the very least, the key technological features that are unaffected by density and those that are.

• the ability to withstand loads;
• preservation of the original form;
• The power of resistance to compression.

However, it essentially has no impact on:

• on soundproofing properties;
• vapor permeability;
• for thermal insulation properties;
• to the thickness of the material.

Making the right decision is considerably simpler when one has this knowledge.

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Varieties of mineral wool

Table of mineral wool varieties.

It is important to remember that the term "mineral wool" is not totally accurate. Three types of insulation are included in the grade of mineral watches, as per GOST 52953-2008: glass wool, slag, and stone cotton wool.

They differ from one another in terms of the fibers’ length and thickness, which gives them a range of functional qualities, including density. As a result, their thermal conductivity, load resistance, hydrolyzing, and fire resistance are all different.

Fibers that range in length from 15 to 50 mm and thickness from 5 to 15 microns form the foundation of glass wools. They make glass wool elastic and a fairly strong material; additionally, it is far less expensive than other types of mineral wool.

The biggest annoyance when working with her is having to wear protective gear all the time, such as a respirator, thick gloves, glasses, and a protective suit. The brittleness of glass threads is the cause of this. They crack easily and pierce exposed skin, inflicting wounds. Additionally, glass dust can cause major injuries to workers that can result in disability if it gets into their eyes or lungs.

Comparative features of various mineral wool varieties.

The slag is composed of domain slag, with fibers measuring 16 mm in diameter and 4–12 microns in thickness. While this insulation is not as hazardous as glass wool, handling it without gloves is still inconvenient due to its brittle fibers.

Slags can’t be used in raw rooms because they all contain some residual acidity that will aggressively react with moist air to attack metal structural components.

The slag’s high hygroscopicity makes it unsuitable for insulation of facades. For the same reason, whether the pipes are made of metal or plastic, it is not appropriate for thermal insulation of the sewage and water supply pipes.

The fiber sizes in stone cotton wool are essentially the same as the sizes of slag fibers. However, because they are stronger than the latter and nearly never break during use, working with them is nearly risk-free. Consequently, when "mineral wool" is defined in the construction literature, it usually refers to stone cotton wool specifically.

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How to use mineral wool?

When using mineral wool as a heater, it is important to select the ideal plate density based on the insulated object and the manufacturer’s provided seal coefficient information. When preparing a professional insulation project, intricate calculations are used; however, when it comes to actually insulating their homes, the owners tend to act more on instinct.

Mineral felt, semi-rigid plates, hard plates, and mineral mats are examples of products made from mineral wool.

Features of insulation made of mineral wool.

Mineral mats are made of a section of mineral wool carpet that has been stitched with a strong thread for better fixation and covered on both sides with fiberglass, bituminized paper, or a specific metal mesh. Mineral mats are typically 50 by 150 cm in size, with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 10 cm and densities between 100 and 200 m³.

Since these mats’ dimensions enable them to be used to warm pipes of different diameters, they are primarily used in the industrial sector for thermal insulation of pipes and equipment. Based on a metal grid, these mats can tolerate temperatures as high as 400 °C and even 600 °C without losing their ability to insulate. Because of their large size, mats are rarely used for private home insulation.

Mineral felt is made in rolls as well as in leaves. Because felt is heavily saturated with synthetic resins, its vata greatly enhances its ability to insulate against heat. Thermal conductivity is 0.046-0.052 W/(M-K), and its density ranges from 75 to 150 kg/m³.

In order to create semi-rigid slabs from mineral fiber, bitumen or synthetic resins are sprayed on, followed by pressing and drying. These plates have a density that ranges from 75 to 300 kg/m³ and is dependent on the strength of the seal. The plates measure 60 by 100 cm and have a maximum thickness of 20 cm. Structures up to 300 °C can be insulated with plates containing synthetic fillers, and 60 °C is the maximum temperature that can be reached with a bitumen binder.

Production scheme for mineral wool.

Hard slabs devoid of minerals are produced by combining mineral wool with synthetic resins, then pressing the mixture to further polymerize it. These plates have a density of between 100 and 400 kg/m³ and dimensions of 60 by 100 cm (thickness: 4 to 10 cm), which are the same as semi-rigid plates.

Every one of these species has a distinct function. The primary applications for mineral felt and mineral mats are in the insulation of horizontal planes (ceiling, floor) and engineering communications (pipes) of different diameters.

Hard slabs are used to warm the vertical planes of the walls because of their rigidity, while semi-rigid and hard plates are used to insulate slopes and other inclined planes (horizontal and inclined planes).

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The use of mineral wool with different density

Use of mineral wool limited to unloaded horizontal surfaces with a density of up to 35 kg/m 3 is permitted. This kind of insulation is essentially made in rolls that are placed over the surface and fastened to it.

Mineral wool is used in the facade’s thermal insulation scheme.

The density indicator for mineral wool interior partitions, ceilings, and internal floors used for insulation should be within 75 kg/m 3. The indicator will be the same for semi-rigid plates that are used to warm the ceilings and walls of non-residential and technical rooms.

The density for external walls with ventilation will reach up to 100 kg/m. The insulation facades that are used for insulation should have a density of about 125 kg/m 3. In both scenarios, the density is given assuming that extra wall decoration will be installed. In the first scenario, this means siding or comparable insulation, and in the second, it means wall plastering afterward.

The density of mineral wool should be as high as 150 kg/m for interstory reinforced concrete floors and as high as 175 kg/m 3 for supporting reinforced concrete structures.

If thermal insulation serves as the top layer of the coating for screed floors, the insulation density can reach 200 kg/m 3. The mineral wool slabs used to insulate the attic and roof should have the same density. These plates have a maximum load capacity of 12 MPa.

Remember that heavier plates have more density when selecting mineral wool insulation, and keep this in mind when installing a frame for the installation of the plates. It is important to remember that mineral wool insulation, no matter how dense, also requires waterproofing and wind protection.

Additionally, knowledge is wealth. Thus, do not be too lazy to invest a little time learning at least the essential features of the technological properties of the material you have selected for insulation. This will help you avoid wasting your money on a subpar or inadequate heat-insulation device. The best assurance that you won’t run into problems later on will come from this.

Comfort and warmth to your house!

Mineral wool and its technical characteristics

Varieties of mineral wool

Mineral wool, which has distinct technical properties, is categorized based on the manufacturing material, shape, density, and a few other factors. Take into account every indicator. Let’s start with the easiest:

1. Source material for manufacturing. The characteristic of the insulation is set precisely with its help. Standard mineral wool – insulation created from glass by heating and stretching the thin fiber. This process is characteristic of any type of mineral wool and resembles how sweet cotton wool is prepared. In addition to glass, in the manufacture of this material, slag remaining after processing non -ferrous and black metal is also used. Another insulation is the stone minvat, created from limestone, cobalt, basalt and dolomite. It is attributed to ultra -resistant and dense seals used for outdoor insulation of houses. The characteristic of this type of minvata today is the best – low thermal conductivity, high melting point, elasticity and density.
2. Form. As a rule, insulation is mineral wool created in the form of plates, rolls and a shapeless state. Photos of the material are presented on the Internet. The heat -insulating plates of mineral wool are convenient to work, however, unlike the material without a form applied using a compressor and filling all cracks and angles, insulation in the slabs is less effective.
3. Density. Experts distinguish four types of material – standard mineral wool (100 – 200 kg/m3), felt (100 – 150 kgm3), semi -rigid heater (70 – 300 kg/m3), hard wool hard (100 – 400 kg/m3) is used with The purpose of insulation of facades.
4. Special mineral wool. The material is characterized by a highly specialized value, and therefore it is inappropriate to use mineral wool for standard insulation from the economic side. This refers to Minvat in the form of a material covered with a layer of foil, cotton wool with steam and windbreaker and cotton wool with different density, the characteristic of which is designed to solve climatic issues in the premises.

Types of produced mineral wool

In accordance with GOST 52953-2008, a technical regulation that pertains to mineral wool, there are three categories of material in this class:

They all vary in terms of the fiber’s thickness and length as well as other characteristics like thermal conductivity, resistance to loads, and interactions with moisture and heat. For instance, glass wool, which was once highly popular in the USSR, is inexpensive insulation. But handling her calls for expertise from experts—a minvat of fiberglass is too sharp.

Now let’s examine each variety of cotton.

This substance, which is made of toxins, is unique in that its fibers are 16 millimeters long and range in thickness from 4 to 12 microns. The mineral wool has an aggressive effect on the metal surface when the room is raw because it still contains residual acidity. Furthermore, cotton wool’s technical composition allows for good moisture absorption. Because of this, you cannot use it as face cladding. For the reasons mentioned above, toxic mineral wool is not used as a heater for metal and plastic pipes.

Technical features consist of slag:

• hygroscopicity – very high;
• thermal conductivity-0.46-0.48 W/meter/Kelvin;
• The maximum heating temperature is 3000 ° C (if the limit is exceeded, the material rises).

Glass wool is made of elastic and long-lasting fibers that range in length from 15 to 50 mm and thickness from 5 to 15 microns. Glass-based mineral wool suggests. that extreme caution should be used when working with her to prevent glass threads from getting in the skin or eyes. You must wear protective goggles and a respirator when working with glass dust because breathing it in can harm your lungs.

• thermal conductivity-0.03-0.052 W/meter/Kelvin;
• Heating temperature – 5000C;
• cooling temperature – minus 600C.

Fibers with sizes similar to slag are what distinguish such a mineral. The fact that the material doesn’t prick is a big plus. When experts discuss mineral wool, they typically mean stone cotton wool.

• thermal conductivity-0.077-0.12 W/meter/Kelvin;
• Heating temperature – 6000C.

Because it is made from gabbro or diabase, mineral wool from basalt stands out among the many varieties by having the best parameters. However, the impurities in stone mineral wool—such as dolomite, clay, and limestone—in insulation cause the mass to become more fluid. Minvat comprises less than 10% of the resin in the connecting component. A decrease in this indicator causes the material to pass moisture more readily, but it also causes phenol to evaporate less, lessening the harmful effects on human health.

Basalt mineral wool is distinguished by its lack of extraneous ingredients. Because of this, it can tolerate temperatures as high as 10,000C and as low as -1900C without causing any damage to the thermal insulation material. It is simple to form basalt fiber into sheets or rolls. Basalt mineral wool behaves similarly to regular mineral wool in that it won’t burn when heated above recommended levels.

Basic brands of material

The roof, ceilings, interior walls, and partitions can all be kept warm with the help of mineral wool, a heater. There are no issues when using this material. As indicated by density indicators, brands differ:

1. Mineral wool P-75-this insulation is used for a horizontal plane, on which there is no large load, and for some varieties of the roof. Also, this brand is designed to warm the central gas, oil and heat of pipes.
2. Mineral wool P-125-is distinguished by excellent soundproofing properties, and therefore suitable for thermal insulation of walls, insulation of the ceiling and floor. As a rule, it is used for internal insulation of buildings from foam block, brick and aerated concrete.
3. Mineral wool PZh-175 and PPH-200 is a material characterized by increased rigidity, so it is used for thermal insulation of reinforced concrete walls and metal. PPZ-200 brand is designed to additional fire protection from fires.

How to choose the right mineral wool

The manufacturer’s permitted scope of use is the first thing you should consider. Should this be Minvat for the front. then, in order to preserve its qualities, it shouldn’t be laid on the floor or roof.

Insulation should have a higher density in order to prevent insulators and reduce heat conductivity. To prevent reducing the amount of heat received from the sun, foil insulation is advised for the inner layer of the roof.

Minvat ought to have outstanding heat conductivity, so be sure to read the data on the package carefully. Furthermore, it is ideal for the material’s service life to exceed ten years because it bears significant importance.

Types of mineral wool

Mineral wool: technical specifications

Mineral wool has a variety of fiber structures depending on the raw materials and manufacturing techniques. The material has a small amount of additives and is simple to cut and mount to the surface. Large fibers and basaltes that can tolerate temperatures as high as 1000 C are present in the composition.

Application

1. Applying heat-insulating coatings to multi-level layers and flat roofs.

2. In many production industries, thermal insulation is used for technical equipment, tanks, gas pipelines, and pipeline communications.

3. Concrete or reinforced concrete materials, as well as insulation in three-layer sandwich panels.

4. Unloaded seclusion within the surrounding structures.

6. Insulating ventilated facade structures from heat.

7. The filler in the front doors.

Types of mineral wool

Every species can withstand fire quite well. Most common are mineral wool and glass. The foundation of stone mineral wool is composed of rocks from basalt groups mixed with metallurgical materials. Glass wool is filled with fiberglass using materials made of recycled glass and quartz sand.

Two examples use phenol-formaldehyde resin as connecting elements. These studies indicate that this material may be harmful to human health. However, its number is less than 20 times that of the widely used chipboard material, which shares the same resins in its composition.

Types of mineral wool

3. Layered vertically.

4. Layered horizontally.

Basalt is the material’s primary constituent. He serves as a binder, a function that is shared by bitumen, urea resins, phenolospicts, clay, and starch.

Thin fibers measuring 1-3 microns and 50 mm in thickness are produced during the production of mineral wool, which is derived from breeds of molten mineral materials. Melted limestone or shiht can be added to molten basalt fibers to increase their strength. The moisture-repelling properties of minvata substances preserve their thermal insulation capabilities.

Thermal conductivity coefficients

Every strong component is heated gradually, and after cooling, it is all done in accordance with the material’s surface and internal structure’s temperature regime. The coefficient of thermal conductivity shows the mineral wool’s capacity for thermal insulation. The maximum maintenance of thermal conductivity is achieved with the smallest value. Frequently, the manufacturer has already indicated the coefficient values. Under lab conditions, the coefficient’s value is ascertained.

Indicators for heat water fluctuate by roughly 0.032 W/(m*K). Only very good insulation has the final indication.

Thermal resistance

Heat transfer resistance has an impact on thermal insulation properties as well. The thickness of the mineral wool is taken into consideration in the value. The package indicates both the heat conductivity coefficient and the level of thermal resistance. However, the better its thermal insulation properties, the higher this indicator.

The coefficient is computed by dividing the thickness of mineral wool (of any kind) by the thermal conductivity level.

The number of fibers involved is determined by the density. Mineral wool’s high density is attained by using more consumables. 1-m3 products are used to determine indicators. Products with different densities are displayed by different manufacturers. Different technical procedures are used for every level.

Residential buildings with multiple stories are heated using mineral wool that has indicators ranging from 35 to 40 kg/m3. Higher indicator materials are typically used to decorate production-value items.

Professionals can now accurately determine the density of the material required for the installation of high-quality thermal insulation in a given structure thanks to the development of special formulas. Mineral wool comes in many forms with different strength indicators; each type is intended to address a particular issue.

Features enable the material to be used successfully for residential and commercial buildings’ ceiling systems, refrigeration systems, and walls’ thermal insulation. Layer densities range from 100 to 200 kg/m3, mineral fiber densities from 100 to 150 kg/m3, and medium stiffener levels from 70 to 300 kg/m3.

The product density, which the material can handle, determines the distributed load. Mineral wool rolls with a density of 30–50 kg/cube are used to install the waterproofing of horizontal planes. Technical buildings should be waterproofed using medium stiffness plates with a density of 75 kg/cube.m. For the installation of waterproofing, mineral wool with a density of 175-200 kg/cube is ideal when mounted in the attic.

The dimensions of mineral wool

Three varieties of mineral wool are represented by manufacturers; each has a unique set of raw materials, including

3. Minvata basalt.

For the purpose of hydraulic and thermal insulation of different residential and commercial buildings, all species are employed with success. Manufacturers create a range of shapes and sizes for their products to facilitate easier installation.

When mineral wool is rolled into rolls, it is created as a sizable workpiece that has already been staffed and chopped. The material’s dimensions are stated on the packaging because they vary amongst manufacturers. There is a range for the thickness (40-200 mm), width (565-610 mm), and length (about 1170 mm). Hard plates for hydraulic and thermal insulation come in a range of thicknesses between 50 and 170 mm, widths of about 1190 mm, and lengths of 1380 mm.

Because the rolls contain a lot of material, mineral wool in this format is perfect for thermal insulation of large areas. Generally, materials range in width from 50 to 200 mm, leaf length from 7000 to 14000 mm, and width from about 1200 mm. It is simple to cut and shape the material to fit the space.

Mineral wool cylinders

Intended to waterproof highways that use hydraulics. This species’ minvates are made of basalt, foil, and fiberglass. Up to 250 s, the structure can tolerate high temperatures. The product’s width ranges primarily from 12 to 324 mm, its length from roughly 1200 mm, and its thickness from 20 to 80 mm. The material’s packaging is painted with the precise measurements. Minvat in cylinders is intended for heating communications and heat-exchanging system thermal insulation. The choice of diameter, thickness, and length is based on the pipe’s dimensions.

The filing materials have an impact on the mass of mineral wool. You should be aware of the material’s density, which is also identifiable as a mass of mineral wool at a rate of one cubic meter, in order to gauge the weight that the builder will have to deal with. The range of this indicator is 35 to 100 kg per cubic meter. Insulation plates have an average mass of 0.6 VKM. The weight plays little part in the technical operations that are carried out.

Manufacturers’ products vary in weight; the average range for this indicator is between 37 and 45 kg, with a maximum size of 1.35 kg. This range is dependent on the density of the thermal insulation material. The weight of it varies considerably depending on how insulation is applied. The thickness of the applied insulation is important in this situation.

The composition of stone cotton wool’s fibrous structure is similar to that of basalt. It is regarded as a natural material; cotton wool is made of melons of volcanic rocks, and the earth’s crust makes up 80% of it.

Although Balzakovsky fiber is manufactured in the factory, its chemical makeup is also akin to that of rocks. includes dolomite, drill, soda, limestone, and sand as well. When the material is complete, it pierces through the air and has remarkable dimensions. Minvata is compressed into a six-fold state for transit and storage.

Numerous producers make modifications to the product’s composition and manufacturing process in an effort to raise its quality. The plates undergo flashing and are impregnated with bitumen and phenols along with asbestos to enhance stiffness. The characteristics of the product may alter if there are extra substances in the composition. Bitumen shields the product from moisture, guards against insect and fungal rips, and adds strength.

The official standard covers the following materials: sedimentary rocks, volcanic, metallurgical residues, industrial silicate slags, alloys meant for the creation of heat-insulating, soundproofing, and sound-absorbing materials, and stone cotton wool made of rocks of the gabbro-basalt groups and their respective substances.

In the construction and industrial production sectors, stone cotton wool can be utilized as a thermal insulation material for surface decoration within the temperature range of -180 C to +700 s.

Life time

Manufacturers claim that mineral wool can endure for up to 50 years without losing any of its characteristics. Nonetheless, the house’s construction incorporates an insulating layer due to its extended service life. Although some insulator already has protective anti-white and vapor barrier properties, the builder should install it independently if material without these properties is used. Moisture seeps in, causing the structure to self-destruct and the fibers to progressively break apart.

Popular for its ability to reduce energy costs and maintain comfortable indoor temperatures, mineral wool is a great choice for insulation in homes. Its performance and efficacy are greatly influenced by its specific gravity, a density measurement. Our investigation has shown that the specific gravity of mineral wool affects its overall insulating capabilities, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity.

Denser mineral wool is typically associated with higher specific gravity, which is correlated with better thermal insulation qualities. By efficiently trapping air pockets within its structure, this denser material reduces the amount of heat transfer that occurs through conduction and convection. Therefore, homes insulated with mineral wool that has the right specific gravity can benefit from increased energy efficiency, which eventually results in decreased costs for heating and cooling.

Furthermore, mineral wool’s compressive strength is determined by its specific gravity, which is an important factor in ensuring that it can withstand installation pressures and retain its insulation integrity over time. Selecting mineral wool with the right specific gravity guarantees longevity and durability, lowering the need for regular maintenance and replacements and saving homeowners money over time.

Nevertheless, when choosing mineral wool based on specific gravity, it’s crucial to find a balance. Although densities that are higher generally provide better insulation performance, an excessively high specific gravity can cause problems during installation, including increased weight and handling difficulties. On the other hand, mineral wool with an excessively low specific gravity could lose some of its ability to insulate against heat. Homeowners should therefore seek professional advice to ascertain the ideal specific gravity for their insulation requirements.

In conclusion, when selecting insulation materials for homes, it is important to take the specific gravity of mineral wool into account. Through comprehension of the ways in which specific gravity impacts thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and overall insulation performance, homeowners can make well-informed decisions to improve comfort, sustainability, and energy efficiency in their living environments.

Knowing the specific gravity of mineral wool is important for our investigation into heating and insulation of buildings. A material’s specific gravity is determined by comparing its density to that of water. This metric is crucial for mineral wool because it impacts how well it insulates homes. Denser mineral wool has a higher specific gravity, which usually translates into superior insulating qualities. A balance must be struck, though, as too dense mineral wool can be difficult to install and might not fit perfectly in a variety of spaces. Therefore, the secret to maximizing energy efficiency and comfort in your home is determining the appropriate specific gravity for your insulation needs.

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