Technical characteristics of basalt insulation

Insulation is essential for keeping our houses cool in the summer and warm in the winter. However, selecting the best insulation for your needs can be overwhelming given the wide variety of options available. One variety that has grown in favor recently is insulation made of basalt. This post will discuss the technical aspects of basalt insulation and the reasons your house might benefit from using it.

Melted down basalt rock is spun into fibers to create basalt insulation. After that, these fibers are formed into rolls, batts, or boards of insulation, which gives it versatility for a range of uses. The exceptional fire and heat resistance of basalt insulation is what makes it unique. It can successfully stop heat transfer, maintaining the comfort level in your house and adding security in the event of a fire.

The thermal conductivity of basalt insulation, which is frequently expressed in terms of its R-value, is one of its primary technical features. Higher values indicate better insulation. The R-value measures how well the insulation resists heat flow. Because basalt insulation often has a high R-value, it’s a good option if you want to increase the energy efficiency of your house.

The ability of insulation materials to withstand moisture is another crucial factor to take into account. Low rates of moisture absorption in basalt insulation contribute to its long-term thermal performance. This implies that basalt insulation will continue to function as an effective insulator even in moist or humid settings.

Basalt insulation is renowned for its longevity and durability as well. In contrast to certain other forms of insulation that might deteriorate over time or be prone to mold and pests, basalt insulation is long-lasting and stable. This lowers your home’s environmental effect in addition to saving you money on replacement costs.

To sum up, basalt insulation has a number of technical advantages that make it an appealing option for homeowners trying to raise the safety, comfort, and energy efficiency of their houses. It is a dependable choice for insulating walls, floors, and ceilings due to its exceptional thermal resistance, fire resistance, moisture resistance, and durability. For enduring performance and peace of mind, think about using basalt insulation when renovating or building a new home.

Technical Characteristics	Basalt Insulation
Material Composition	Natural volcanic rock fibers
Thermal Conductivity	Low
Fire Resistance	High
Moisture Absorption	Minimal
Environmental Impact	Eco-friendly

Main settings

Technical features of the basalt canvas heat insulator in several parameters above other insulation types’ indicators. You should consider the following when selecting the material:

• The size of the plates. There is no strict regulation, the width of the plate usually is 500-600 mm, the length is 1000-1200 mm, and the thickness indicator varies in the range from 20 to 240 mm. According to GOST, the maximum thickness of the plate is 150 mm, but manufacturers offer other options. The choice of sizes depends on the purpose of the material.
• The density of basalt wool is from 30 kg/m3 to 225 kg/m3.
• Compression strength of 5-80 kPa (subject to deformation of 10%).

We’ll go over the key features of basalt insulation in more detail.

Heat and sound insulation

The structure of basalt insulation contributes to its high thermal insulation qualities. Since the fibers are arranged randomly, when they are woven together, many tiny air spaces are created, and air acts as a good thermal insulator. Stone cotton wool has a thermal conductivity of between 0.032 and 0.048 W/MK, which sets it apart from other heat insulators like slag and glass wool.

Apply to the roof that is pitched.

Additionally, the fibrous structure aids in the absorption of vibration and sound waves. Because of this, basalt minimal fabric is used as a soundproof material when heating a metal roof. It also shields the home from wind and rain and stops vibrations from the roofing from transferring to the wall structures.

Vapor permeability and hydrophobicity

The ability of basalt fiber to repel water is one of its key characteristics. The manufacturer’s added additives for the hydrophobization of the insulation determine the water absorption coefficient, which is limited to 2% of the material’s volume.

Steam is freely passed through the fibrous material (vapor permeability: 0.3 mg/(m.h.P)), and the fibers do not absorb the steam. As a result, when ventilation is present, the insulation rapidly loses its ability to retain excess moisture.

However, if the insulation is used indoors (for example, to insulate the floor, walls, ceiling, or partitions against heat and sound), a steam barrier must be used to consistently keep moisture out of the insulation. An insulator made of basalt with a foil surface that allows vapor to pass through is utilized in spaces with high humidity, such as saunas and bathhouses.

Thermal barrier featuring a foil exterior

Fire safety

The GOST-compliant basalt heat-insulating plates have a high fire resistance and are composed of non-combustible materials. The fibers start to melt after two hours of exposure to an open fire with a temperature of at least 1000 °C.Its melting temperature is +1114 °C. Here, there is very little production of smoke or harmful byproducts, and the basalt fiber is not released.

State regulations may be broken by stone cotton wool made by unidentified manufacturers. In this instance, the use of organic binders may cause the material to become toxic and fuel.

Pluses and minuses of insulation

In their evaluations, both expert builders and novices highlight the many benefits of thermal insulation based on basalt. The majority of the benefits are exclusive to mineral wool and are inherent in it:

• The temperature resistance and non -combustibility (NG group) – neither polymer nor other natural heat insulators can boast of this.
• Good performance indicators-at 0.035-0.045 W/m · K (depending on the density).
• Resistance to decay, biological corrosion – the stone fibers themselves are not destroyed and can serve for at least 100 years. Finished products retain their structure and effectively work about 50.
• Vapor permeability (0.3 mg/m · h · PA) – with the correct formation of an insulating pie, the insulation is able to maintain normal “breathing” of the walls and a comfortable microclimate in the interior.
• Mineral fibers are better than glass wools extinguish vibrations and absorb sounds.
• Simplicity of installation-the roll is easily rolled out on horizontal and gentle surfaces and has a small weight (up to 30-40 kg/m3). More dense basalt slabs are heavier, but they are cut by sheets in size about 60×120 cm and differ in elasticity, which makes it easier.
• High strength of fibers – there is no fragility that glass wool has, and there is no allergenic dust.

The high hygroscopicity of mineral wool is still one of its drawbacks. Wet pairs entering fibers with air are a major issue, despite the fact that the manufacturers truly accomplished excellent results in the field of "treatment of water supply" plates. In order to resolve it, one must follow installation technology guidelines, which call for using multi-layer systems with steam and hydraulic tanks and leaving ventilated gaps at the insulation’s surface.

The range of applications for basalt thermal insulation is also determined by its technical properties, which, in practice, do not restrict it to anything. When it’s needed, Minvat performs flawlessly on construction sites:

• Vapor permeability.
• Fire safety.
• Soundproofing.
• Durability.

These include buildings used for living and household purposes, industrial facilities, communications, and saunas and baths.

With the exception of the basement, which has excessively high humidity, basalt cotton wool can be used to warm the entire house. Instead, it is preferable to purchase less hygroscopic materials, like foam. If you need to form fire cutters, isolate boiler equipment, or clean stove chimneys, mineral wool is a must.

Varieties

The properties of dense, fibrous basalt material provide superior thermal insulation. Insulation made of modern basalt varies in type. Nevertheless, the primary distinction between the materials can be boiled down to two types of fiber: staple and continuous. The diameter of the staple fiber is its primary characteristic.

When assigning materials to groups, the following factors are considered:

• Micotonous fibers – 0.6 microns;
• Ultraton fibers – 1.0 microns;
• Superon fibers – 1.3 microns;
• thin fibers – 9-15 microns;
• thickened fibers – 15–25 μm;
• Rough fibers – 50-500 μm.

The thickness and length of the fiber are important considerations when selecting a warming basalt material because they are key indicators of the product’s quality. Additionally, there are three types of basalt-fiber insulation: soft, semi-rigid, and more rigid.

Basalt plates, cotton wool, bulk or slab insulation, rolled wall insulators, and heat insulators in bags or mats are always for sale. Particular variations concern the surface: the product is foil-based or non-folgy, and a construction knife can cut through it with ease or difficulty. It is common practice to categorize the insulation into multiple types.

Additionally, there are three types of basalt-fiber insulation: soft, semi-rigid, and more rigid. Basalt plates, cotton wool, bulk or slab insulation, rolled wall insulators, and heat insulators in bags or mats are always for sale. Particular variations concern the surface: the product is foil-based or non-folgy, and a construction knife can cut through it with ease or difficulty. It is common practice to categorize the insulation into multiple types.

Foil

Insulation made of foil tiles can cut heat loss dramatically. These days, foil mineral wool or basalt wool, which works well for most kinds of premises, is used to conceal houses more and more frequently. Additionally, you can save money on additional shelter during the heating season thanks to this insulation. Heat loss from building materials is greatly decreased. With its two protective levels, this is a great heat insulator that reflects heat back into the space.

Apart from its thermal insulation qualities, foil-surfaced materials possess the capacity to absorb sound waves. Consequently, they offer an extra degree of ecologically friendly insulation. The insulation has a 40-year or longer service life. Mineral wool made of basalt (foil) can be used for both interior and exterior decoration. It serves as a vapor and hydro barrier, preventing the growth of mold and preventing the possibility of decay. It can be used in both residential and non-residential settings. The material can be used to cover different tanks and the ventilation system in addition to providing insulation for floors, walls, and ceilings.

Mineral wool

Generally speaking, Mineral Vata frequently suggests using premium mineral wool, also known as stone wool, glass, and slag. The material’s dense fiber structure is linked to increased strength. Two different kinds of rocks are used in the process of producing basalt minvates. Its composition is free of artificial impurities. Positive attributes are added to the insulation by its natural origin. The final building material made from wool extracted from basalt minerals is distinguished by its low thickness and low fiber mutual friction, which reduces sound fluctuations.

Products that are inorganic are resistant to high temperatures. Refractory in nature, basalt wool is utilized to isolate fires. Slabs that are not combustible do not shrink. Even with time, they maintain their original characteristics. Slabs of basalt wool can be used to stop moisture condensation on the building’s supporting walls.

Minvata does not release any dust or other volatile substances. Building materials are among the most efficient and ecologically friendly materials available.

Cotton wool stone

Glass wool

Slag

Stone cotton wool

Nowadays, stone wool made from basalt rocks is also widely used. One particular kind of mineral wool is basalt-fiber insulation. A gabbro-basalt rock is used as the first raw material in the production process. Building materials are referred to as stone or mineral because of their natural origin. even though we are only discussing one product. A breed of mountain volcanic rock that is heated to extremes is called basalt. Subsequently, upon separation, the product obtains its identifiable fiber.

The technical properties of basalt insulation are crucial to maintaining the energy efficiency and warmth of your home. Natural volcanic rock provides basalt insulation, which has exceptional fire resistance, thermal efficiency, and sound absorption qualities. Because of its distinct makeup, it’s a green option for house insulation. Through an examination of its technical attributes, such as density, moisture resistance, and thermal conductivity, homeowners can make well-informed decisions to improve the comfort and energy efficiency of their living areas.

How to warm up basalt wool

Regarding insulation itself, the process is more than easy. Actually, labor is essentially the same as using the same mineral wool or foam. Basalt wool mounting is done with a big hat, glue, and dowels. A construction knife, a metal profile, or rails will be needed for the facade insulation. One of these is made into an insulation crate.

1. A vapor barrier film is fixed on the wall.
2. In an upright position, bars or metal profile are fixed. In this case, the fastening step depends on the dimensions of mineral wool. You need to make a distance slightly less than the width of the roll or mat.
3. Insulation is inserted into the finished frame. It is planted on glue and can use additional fasteners, such as dowels (for concrete walls), self -tapping screws (for wooden walls).
4. For basalt wool to be firmly fixed, 1 m2 will require 5 or 6 latches.
5. A windproof whip is fixed on top of the stacked cotton wool. Her joints are hermitized by a film. She is overwhelmed.
6. Before sheathing the wall with ready -made finishing material, such as siding, plaster, lining and others, it is recommended to create a ventilation channel due to another crate from thin wooden rackeys. Then the basalt wool will ventilate and dry faster.
7. It remains to perform the cladding.

Insulation of regular roofs, attics, and floors is carried out using the same methodology. You can learn more details by watching this video.

Methods of installation

It’s crucial to select the right material and install it correctly in order to prevent heat loss at home. Stone cotton wool, often referred to as basalt insulation by builders, is appropriate for covering the roof, walls, or facade.

Layers are regularly and gradually stacked. Expertise is not particularly relevant here. The most important thing is to install the plates and achieve precise segment collection amongst each other. If you have even a little construction experience and an innovative business strategy, you can complete the full range of installation tasks for installing basalt insulation precisely and on schedule.

Rolls or slabs must be ordered in advance, and the following tools must be stocked:

• insulation (basalt material, for example, in the form of plates);
• Permamine;
• wooden rails;
• construction knife;
• grinding grater;
• mounting foam;
• Nails and hammer.

Closing the gaps, cracks, and fractures on the processed surface is first required. The most common material for this is construction foam. However, as a cheap fix, roughness is frequently covered with felt or packley. In order to prevent condensation from remaining on the insulation, waterproofing is then completed and a layer of vapor barrier is applied. Natural ventilation is ensured for increased strength and quality characteristics of the product. A specific film is used as a vapor barrier if the roof is insulated from the interior of the space.

Water vapor is delayed and natural ventilation of the area is provided by the vapor barrier material. Film, foil, or permamine serve as the vapor barrier. A construction stapler is used for fasteners. For instance, the required barrier that prevents moisture from entering the room is obtained if the house’s waterproofing is done underneath the roof. Using a stapler, the heat-insulating layer is typically installed on the rafters.

A crate composed of thin woody races is positioned beneath a thick layer of basalt plates. The fastening of insulation material involves the use of screws, mastic, and building glue in addition to a specialized stapler.

It is worthwhile to take into account the roof as an example of how basalt insulation is installed in the form of plates.

• First, a metal cornice is built on the house, it is attached to the bearing wall with dowels. Due to the cornice, you can reduce the load of the insulation and at the same time protect the material from external influences.
• The preparation of insulation plates is performed on the prepared cornice using polymer -cement glue for the reliability of fixation to the base of the wall. The adhesive composition is neatly and evenly distributed on the entire surface of the basalt slab. Then the material is tightly pressed to the base of the wall (on the structure). Carry out the installation of basalt material (plates) is better from below and upstairs, moving from right to left. This is how the uniformity of the coating is achieved. And working so much more convenient. First, whole plates are mounted, and then the remaining areas are covered with cut pieces of plates.
• After the main work, the surface of the wall is leveled using a grinding grater. This stage of work is necessary for the installation of the ventilated facade in the future.

Installation of basalt insulation is a simple and low-energy process. However, in order to achieve the desired outcome, all of the recommendations for selecting the material based on its density and size, for selecting the right tools, and for the type of work involved must be followed. Even a novice can easily master this technique of execution. However, keep in mind that you can only assess the house’s insulation during the winter.

Benefits and drawbacks of basalt wool: watch the following video.

2 Technical characteristics

Depending on the manufacturing process, basalt wool’s density can range from 30 to 100 kg/m³. Prominent producers create basalt insulation for various applications.

• insulation for thermal insulation of the floor, or attic ceiling-places where the material can be subjected to mechanical loads, have a density of 75-90 kg/m³;
• insulation for ventilated facades (thermal insulation of isover) – about 50 kg/m³;
• Materials for internal thermal insulation of rooms 30-40 kg/m³.

In addition to density, which is a crucial component that determines the material’s overall strength properties, high-quality basalt insulation has a compression stress resistance of roughly 100 kPa. Strength at stretch: up to 90 kPa. Basalt wool has a dynamic stiffness ranging from 5 to 50 MN/m³, contingent on density.

Density also affects the indicator of concentrated load that the insulation can undergo when subjected to external influences. For instance, reviews attest that materials intended for roof insulation typically withstand concentrated loads between 200 and 700 N.

Depending on the material’s density and quality, basalt wool’s primary property, its thermal conductivity, can range from 0.032 to 0.045 W/MK. Generally speaking, this indicator is 0.035 W/MK for high-quality materials.

To put it in perspective, the average thermal conductivity of URS’s extruded polystyrene foam is 0.038 W/MK, glass wool is 0.041 W/MK, and polyurethane foam foam is 0.028 W/MK.

Insulation made of plates made of basalt

The ability of the insulation to absorb water—a crucial feature that directly affects its durability—is hydrophobic. This is acceptable for the basalt wool because it doesn’t lengthen the material’s stay in the humid environment and the amount of liquid absorbed from the plate’s total mass when partially submerged is less than 1%.

Because the fibers in basalt wool don’t absorb moisture, the insulation stays dry, doesn’t gain weight, and keeps its thermal insulation properties.

The technology used in its manufacture determines the combustibility class of basalt wool; the higher the fueling of the insulation, the higher the concentration of the connecting reagent in the finished product.

Similar to Hotrock insulation, basalt wool falls into the NG class (not entirely combustible material) if the concentration is less than 4.5%, and the G1 class (materials with weak combination) if the concentration is higher.

The NG class basalt insulation can be used for thermal insulation of production facilities that have strict fire safety regulations because its operating temperature limit is 800 degrees.

Manufacturers

There are numerous well-known businesses selling basalt insulation. Rockwall and Technonikol deserved their stellar reputations and reviews. The popularity of materials from these brands among consumers can be attributed to their high quality, wide range, and excellent product characteristics.

Basalt insulation of techno -nitrate

Russian holding company Technonikol Corporation is sizable. available on the market since 1992. 38 countries house departments and production sites. Your options for basalt wool technology are abundant, enabling you to select the ideal kind of insulation.

1. Technoleite. Used for acidic surfaces with modest external loads that require heat and sound. Isolate the attic’s walls, floors, pitched roof, and attic walls. 40 to 200 mm in thickness and 30 to 40 kg/m3 in density.

2. Technical in nature. Insulation of residential and commercial spaces is the primary goal. a section of the facade with ventilation. Density: 80 to 100 kg/m3, thickness: 40 to 200 mm.

3.Rocher. I insulate structures that are inclined, vertical, and horizontal. These include the attic space, multilayer frame walls, floors, and ceilings. Dimensions: thickness: 50–100 mm, density: 30 kg/m^3.

4. Technofas. In both civil and industrial construction, plates are used. Ideal for insulating facades from heat. You can apply decorative plaster on top of them. Between 40 and 240 mm in thickness and 145 kg/m3 in density.

5. Technoflor. Three kinds. Soil: utilized for insulating heated and floating floors. In places like warehouses and gyms where there is a lot of weight on the floor, professionals are required. Standard: In the case of floating floors, a layer of thermal insulation is required. Thickness: based on the kind, anywhere between 20 and 150 mm. From 90 to 110 kg/m3 is the density.

6. Combating the Technonikol Matu. Thermal insulation and fire safety for commercial and residential buildings. The mother has a galvanized mesh fastened to it to make installation easier and give the completed structure rigidity. Ventilation ducts, with flat, conical, and cylindrical surfaces heated to +750C, are used to extract air. Range of thickness: 40 to 200 mm. From 80 to 100 kg/m3 is the density.

Technonikol is a company that offers foil basalt wool among its products. Rolls are available. Different basalt insulation technologies have different costs. Cost per m3 for a common variety of roclate is 1300 rubles. The most costly material is Technoruf B60, which costs 6000 rubles per cubic meter and has a density of 180 kg/m3.

Basalt insulation Rockwool

The ROOCKWOOL Group of Companies brings together businesses from various nations. Ukraine established representatives and production facilities in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. in the market – for over fifty years. Products made of rockwool are employed in buildings for a variety of uses.

Examine:

1.Fire isolation. In shipbuilding, rovvul basalt cotton wool is utilized for thermal insulation of equipment that poses a risk of fire or explosion.

2. Isolation on a technical level. It is essential for pipelines, boilers, tanks, chimneys, ventilation ducts, heating systems, and air conditioning systems. protects components and equipment from extreme heat.

3. Fire safety provided by passive means. In order to safeguard chimneys and ventilation mines, rovvul stone cotton wool is required for the fire resistance of steel structures and ceilings.

4. Panels on the facade Rockwool. Panels can withstand up to 200 kg/m3 of high-density stone wool and are resistant to fire and moisture. utilized both when building new facilities and when renovating existing structures.

5. Rooftop structures. Rockwool creates suspended ceilings called Rockfon, which are based on stone wool. Products enhance the room’s microclimate and acoustic qualities. utilized in trade, industry, schools, hospitals, and offices.

6.Agricultural soilgrodan. The purpose of the soil layer is to provide thermal insulation for plants grown in greenhouses.

7. Alfarock mineral mats. foil insulation applied unilaterally. produced in 5-meter rolls. 60 kg/m3 density. is situated to provide average load thermal insulation on a variety of surfaces.

8. Fibres lapinus. In the automotive industry, basalt wool fibers are used to insulate individual nodes and parts. Rokvul’s product assortment consists of over thirty rolls, sheets, and mats. You can choose a suitable type of stone wool rockvol for each building or room.

Comparison of brands

After reviewing the most well-known brands of basalt isolation and their attributes, we made the decision to start with the priciest and most well-known brands and work our way down to the brands with the lowest prices.

The products are of excellent quality and come in a large variety, with about 35 items consisting solely of slabs for various uses. The warmest minvat, Kaviti and concrete element Batts, are found in the Rockwool family and have conductivity indicators as low as 0.035 W/m · k.

It has long been regarded by Rockwul’s builders as a sort of "golden standard" against which all other forms of basalt insulation are measured. Here, the consistent layer thickness and uniform weaving density set apart even the ultra-light Light Batts and Scandik. Water absorption in mats and plates rarely goes above 1%; their weight ranges from 25 to 165 kg/m3.

Fine basalt wool from Russia is becoming more and more well-liked. It is frequently compared to Rockwool in terms of quality, but it costs a lot less. Here, safe bitumen materials are used for a variety of mineral fibers, improving cotton wool’s environmental friendliness but decreasing its heat resistance (to +400 ° C).

Ecover proved to be a very deserving example of a home insulation representative:

• Elastic fibers do not dust when cutting.
• With an increase in the density of the Ministry of Flies, their thermal conductivity is almost not changed.
• Noise absorption indicators are at a high level of 85%.

The only basalt wool products that have received negative feedback thus far are Ekover’s soft mats, as the lack of strong ties in them prevents the manufacturer from achieving a consistent weaving density.

In terms of functionality, this mineral wool is marginally inferior to eco-over. And it makes sense to choose this brand specifically if the lowest possible cost for thermal insulation is the primary consideration. Although it is loose and frequently ruined by bald patches or a spinning king in light series, the budget minvat is not less effective than other forms of isolation.

Reviews regarding the insulation of the Borovichi plant, however, indicate that it is always preferable to take products a little bit more dense than suggested for specific structures in the case of huts. Even with such a solution, thermal insulation can be reduced while maintaining the essential features.

"At the store, they suggested that I purchase a Tyzol Euro-Light to insulate the attic." I won’t criticize lying because it made working easier. Additionally, my rafters are not standard; they are only 100×50 cm in size and have a half-meter step. The uneven density of the sheets confused it, and when I peeled back the skin after a year and a half, I saw that the slabs on the vertical walls had actually sunk by 15 to 20 mm.

In our market, Ecover is currently, in our opinion, the best product made from basalt. Everything about the use, geometry, and thermal insulation is "excellent." It’s comfortable working with him, even though I wear a respirator when I cut. When the density is high (above 50 kg/m3), even shrinkage does not result in a vertical. Eco-over seems to be on par with Rockwell, albeit at a lower cost.

"I like everything, but aside from Rockwell, I don’t know of anything else. I have heard negative things lately about Light Butts, though. I take particular note of each sheet’s consistent density, which matches the stated value, its outstanding springiness, its ability to maintain thickness under load, and its sturdy packaging (thrown through the high side of the gazelle, only by the film).

"Paroc products have the best basalt insulation in my opinion. Additionally, because a half cube is contained in a single package, the cost is incredibly low. I didn’t regret a single thing when I chose Extra-37 for the summer house. I appreciated that every mat was compressed, sealed with a film, and the plates were not loosened; of the thirty cubes I bought, not a single sheet was faulty.

"He hurt my feelings when I used a Technonikol Rochelite for a bathhouse’s thermal insulation. One the one hand, I appreciated that the manufacturer offered a wide range of plate sizes (there were four at the time). However, I understood why when he used the largest 1200×600 mm and started cutting. There was a lot of dust, coughing, and itching due to the short and extremely brittle fibers. There are no complaints in this area even though the insulation does not sag in the walls.

Moscow Region, Artem.

Mark	Density, kg/m3	Volume in packaging, m3	Price, rub/un.
Technonikol Technoleite Extra	30 – 38	0.432	580
Rockwell Light Batt	37	0.3	640
Parks Extra	30 – 34	0.504	930
Izovol Art	50	0.24	420
Ecover Light	45	0.36	620
Back Standard	50	0.252	410

The choice of basalt plates

Selecting the appropriate material that will be in charge of technical parameters is necessary to make the most of all the special qualities of basalt slabs.

The plate’s density is taken into consideration first.

1. The lightest slabs density up to 35 kg/m3 Indispensable for unloaded structures, pitched roofs, as well as for insulation and sound insulation of attics, attic, frame walls.
2. Basalt slabs density 35-50 kg/m3 They have the same sphere of distribution as the previous type of plates, but can also be used as a heat -insulating layer in the facades of low -rise buildings.
3. Plates density 50-75 kg/m3 can be used for insulation of floors and ceilings, partitions, as well as the middle layer in the three -layer structure of the walls of low buildings and as the lower thermal insulation layer in facade structures.
4. Basalt slabs density 75-100 kg/m3 – A great option for insulation of external walls, and also well suits the arrangement of ventilated facades. It is used both in civil and industrial construction.
5. Plates density up to 125 kg/m3 They are also good for ventilated facades, can be the top layer when organizing two -layer thermal insulation.
6. Basalt slabs with density 125-150 kg/m3 It is great if necessary to perform the sound insulation of the partitions, the heat insulation of the wall under the further coating of plaster.
7. Plates with density up to 175 kg/m3 used as an independent heat -insulating layer for reinforced concrete surfaces, walls, facades and partitions.
8. Plates with density indicator 175-200 kg/m3 great when organizing sound insulation of floors for screed.

It’s important to keep in mind that less dense slabs are more effective because they have stronger heat-insulating properties. In proportion to density, thermal conductivity rises. It is difficult to distinguish between plates that are better and worse because, on the other hand, a denser plate is associated with strength and longevity. The decision needs to be based on this room’s features.

As for the choice of the thickness of the basalt slabs, there can be no only correct advice, and in each case the thickness can be of different. This parameter depends on the climatic conditions of the region, the place of use of the insulation, the nature of the room, material and thickness of the walls, roof, etc.D. When calculating, you can use normative document SNiP 02/23/2003, special programs or sites, which are a calculator, where the user needs to enter all the initial data, and then in seconds he gets the result. You can try to independently conduct a calculation for residential premises according to the following scheme.

• We determine the normative indicator of the thermal resistance of the walls, ceilings and coatings for a particular region according to the table. For example, it is necessary to choose a heat insulator basalt slabs for walls in St. Petersburg, then R = 3.06 m2*K/WT.
• Determine the coefficient of heat transfer resistance. It should be indicated by the manufacturer, since slabs with different density can have slightly different indicators. On average, we take the thermal conductivity coefficient for basalt plates for 0.041 W/m*K*.
• Determine the resistance of the heat transfer of the existing walls of the house. Suppose it is built in 2.5 bricks, and the wall thickness is 67 cm. Then the heat transfer resistance in this case will be 0.67/0.502 = 1.33 m2*K/WT. In the presence of a layer of plaster or other coatings, their heat transfer resistance is also taken into account.
• In order to compensate for the difference of 3.06-1.33 = 1.73 m2*K/W, it is necessary to use a basalt plate with a thickness of 0.041*1.73 = 0.07 m, or 7 cm. Today there are plates with different thicknesses on sale, but, as a rule, the following are found: 50, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 150 mm. In some cases, it is recommended to use thicker slabs to improve sound insulation than calculating.

Advantages and disadvantages of basalt plates

Although basalt plates have many of the same qualities as mineral wool, this material also has a few more benefits. Thus, the following are the primary benefits:

• Low coefficient of thermal conductivity (about 0.04 W/m*K), it is explained by the fibrous structure of the material in which the air is delayed. The latter, as you know, has a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity, and this is where the principle of operation of this thermal insulation material is built. So, for example, a stove 10 cm thick is comparable in effectiveness with a wooden insulation of 30 cm;
• noise -absorbing properties again explained by the features of the structure of the material. The sound wave, passing through the fibers of the basalt plate, is extinguished and even turns into thermal energy. As a result, the room, protected by such a material, becomes much more quiet and cozy, and the strength of sound and vibrations is much reduced, passing through a layer of basalt plate;
• resistance to fire meets the highest fire requirements, so this heat -insulator can be used in almost any rooms and buildings;
• resistance to aggressive chemicals, B t.h. oils, acids and alkalis, makes it possible to use basalt slabs even at industrial enterprises;
• vapor permeability, possible thanks to the structure of the material, allows it with proper installation and operation to remove excess moisture into the atmosphere, thereby ensuring the optimal microclimate in the room;
• strength characteristics plates allow you to use them for insulation and sound insulation of any building systems. In the process of manufacturing, the fibers are reoriented, accepting a completely different direction, which provides great strength to the material that is not lost over time;
• Basalt slabs have good hydrophobic and water -repellent properties. This is achieved, firstly, due to the non -Gigroscopic structure of the material, and, secondly, due to the use of special additives that increase natural water-repellent properties;
• durability to biological effects;
• High durability, After all, the material is based on stone threads, whose lifestyle is a huge. With proper installation and compliance with all the requirements for operation, basalt slabs will last at least 70 years, although many studies of scientists show even a longer service life;
• Simplicity of installation explained by the fact that basalt slabs are easy to transport, cut and attach to any surface.

There are hardly any drawbacks. Although it is still quite inexpensive, some consumers find it to be marginally more expensive than foam or foamed polyethylene. In addition, spaces between the basalt slabs may open up while the heat-insulating layer is in operation. Cold bridges are ultimately formed as a result of this process, which is influenced by natural forces.

However, this material’s special ability to insulate against heat and sound lets us use it in a variety of applications. In all kinds of buildings, basalt plates are frequently used for soundproofing and insulation of the floors, facades, roofs, internal partitions, walls, and ceilings. Thus, this material is utilized for light-enclosing frame structures as well as apartment buildings and low-rise buildings. Furthermore, slabs with varying densities as well as thicknesses are utilized for various types of work.

Characteristics of basalt insulation

Naturally, thermal conductivity is the primary factor considered when selecting thermal insulation; the lower the thermal conductivity, the better the material will perform its function.

Nevertheless, heaters also have additional requirements, so consider them as well before choosing the material.

Above all, consideration should be given to the product’s environmental friendliness and its capacity or incapacity to identify hazardous substances or dust particles, the inhalation of which can gradually impair one’s health.

Based on this criterion, basalt wool comes in first place because it is a naturally occurring material with a very low percentage of synthetic resins and a completely safe composition.

However, when selecting a material, preference should be given to well-known brands whose producers do not jeopardize their reputation or utilize less expensive adhesive resin substitutes.

Products with a little-known past don’t always fit this description, so you should pay close attention to how the goods are marked and the information that comes with them.

It is crucial to install wall or ceiling sheathing when using basalt insulation indoors in order to totally remove any tiny fragments of the material from the air. For the same reason, wearing respiration masks during installation is advised.

It is advised to wear respiratory masks during installation for the same reason.

Even though there is no risk of allergic or toxic reactions from the insulation dust, upper respiratory tract mechanical irritation is still a possibility.

Thermal conductivity

Basalt insulation is regarded as a material with extremely low thermal conductivity; depending on the thickness and type of the product, the coefficient can vary and range from 0 to 30-0.48 W/(M ∙ K).

The material’s fibrous structure offers excellent thermal insulation because it creates tiny air chambers between the layers that act as heat insulators.

It should be remembered that basalt insulation has varying densities; the higher the density, the more thickness is needed to get the desired result, and vice versa.

It would seem that this case is clear-cut: you should purchase more flimsy and loose insulation. However, this rule isn’t always applicable because different kinds of work require products with specific work characteristics, the primary ones being strength and resistance to tracking during operation.

The material’s capacity to insulate against heat over the course of its service life is dependent upon these properties.

When evaluating the ability of various materials to retain heat, only 10 cm of basalt insulation thickness with an average density of 1.5 m is comparable to this parameter when compared to 1.5 m of brick masonry, 2 m of cell concrete wall, and 30 cm of wooden log house.

Basalt insulation. Video:

The main types of basalt plates

The following varieties of basalt wool are produced by industry:

1. In rolls.
2. In the stoves.
3. Without shape. For its application, you will need special pneumatic equipment.

There aren’t any unique material varieties. Some species differ from one another due to the extent to which basalt insulation can be used and the technical features of the products. Every species has evolved to fulfill its specific role.

We highlight the following areas in the field of use of basalt insulation:

1. Basalt soft cotton wool is great for wall insulation. It is widely used in houses that are built using frame technology.
2. The material is suitable for insulation of buildings facades, used in ventilated facades.
3. It is possible to perform the work of other types.

It is important to keep in mind that soft cotton wool has minimal loads when using it. Don’t assume that the material’s qualities are worse because it is softer.

The truth is that the finest fibers are released to create such cotton wool. Their primary function is to maintain air, which they do by making a lot of cavities. We can conclude that the primary barrier to heat loss is the thin fibers.

Medium-strength basalt plates are used to install ventilated facades that allow for the creation of air cavities with fast-moving flows. The plate acts as insulation against sound and heat. When ventilation ducts are arranged to be protected from flames, the material is in demand. The basalt plate can be utilized in the same applications as soft cotton wool, but keep in mind the material’s cost. Overwhelmed by wealth is a possibility.

Hard basalt plate appropriate for tasks involving heavy loads. This is the process of adding more plaster to the surface and insulating buildings with reinforced walls. The material is frequently used to install floor screed, and the hard stove will consistently keep the room’s heat loss under control. Additional projects are also feasible, and they will have a significant impact on the basalt plate.

If twofold thermal insulation is required, basalt foil cotton wool is the best option. Heat is consistently retained inside the room by the material, which does not miss it. Heat is reflected back into the house by foil cotton wool on the outside of the walls. Cotton wool with a one-sided coating and stock material with foil on both sides are available for purchase. Keep in mind that the material needs to be inside the room wrapped in foil during installation.

Foil cotton wool is a material that builders use extensively all over the place. It is appropriate for a variety of tasks, and installing the plate won’t take long.

Mineral slabs made of basalt fiber Since the material’s thickness influences both its technical properties and the thermal conductivity indicator, you must consider this factor. They differ in thickness. To achieve the greatest impact, purchase sheets with the highest thickness possible. Remember, though, that there are usage restrictions.

Although the industry uses basalt as the basis for producing a variety of mineral plates, it is preferable to use materials whose maximum thickness does not exceed 100 mm when constructing objects. In severe situations, you will need to stack two plates on top of one another to maximize the heat-saving effect.

There is an additional application for the material; small-diameter warming pipes come to mind. The products are shaped like cylinders with two-inch pipes inside of them.

Modern heat-insulating plates made of basalt wool are of great interest to builders. A wide variety of these plates are available, and top manufacturers’ products can be found in specialty stores.

Basalt insulation installation methods

As we have already said, stone cotton wool is used for all types of work. The thickness of the basalt insulation for walls is calculated for each climatic zone separately. Each region has its own coefficient, below which the heat -resistance of the walls should not drop. The heat resistance of the enclosing structure is calculated by the division of its thickness in meters into the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material. For each material it is calculated separately, and the results are summarized. For example, first we count the heat resistance of the wall. Then we adjust the thickness of the heater based on the basalt fiber so that the overall coefficient of thermal conductivity is no less than the coefficient for your region.

The normalized heat transfer value for Moscow is 3.14. Assume there is a 50 cm-thick wall composed of two bricks. White brick has a thermal conductivity of 0.7. Accordingly, the total heat transfer resistance of the structure will be 0.714 (0.5/0.7), and it will be needed at a rate of 3.14 (difference 2.426). You need an 8.5 cm (2.426*0.035) layer of stone wool to offset heat loss.

Wall insulation

When cotton wool is layered, the seams shouldn’t line up.

It is preferable to install a vapor barrier from the room adjacent to the insulation even though the composition of the basalt insulation prevents the material from absorbing moisture (due to the oil impregnation of fibers). She’ll hold off on removing all of the moisture from the space.

The space between the interior décor and the vapor barrier must be ventilated. It is necessary to prevent the finish from absorbing the moisture that the vapor barrier postponed.

Material layers, beginning on the inside:

• interior decoration;
• venturezor;
• vapor barrier;
• stone cotton wool;
• The outer wall.

To allow moisture from the insulation to escape, breathable materials should be used for the outer finish. Material with a density of 50 kg/m is used for work. cube.

The insulation of the facade

When using stone cotton wool to warm the facade, use a layers diagram.

Sums to 70 years, indicating that it is safe to use for long-term facade insulation. Both beneath the plaster and beneath the ventilated facade, work is done. The second way is easier to use; the sheets are simply glued to the wall and further fastened with plastic dowels (fungi). above plastering with a mesh reinforcement. The ventilated facade has a little more intricacy:

• Directors with an indent is attached to the wall 2 cm smaller than width of cotton width;
• Vata is laid between the guides. If it consists of two layers with different density, then the soft layer lays down to the wall;
• A wind -deck is laid on cotton wool;
• Directors are stuffed for finishing, at the same time a venturezor is created;
• The finish is filled.

Material with a density of at least 80 kg/m is used for facades. cube.

Floor and ceiling insulation

Stone cotton wool is placed underneath a vapor barrier.

Stone cotton wool can be applied to a floor or ceiling after a steam banker has been installed. Despite the fact that basalt insulation doesn’t absorb moisture, vapor barriers are still necessary. Closing thermal insulation on top of a vapor-proof membrane, however, is an even more impolite mistake. Since it won’t be able to completely isolate it, some moisture will still seep into the material. All of the moisture in the stone cotton wool will remain if a steam barrier is placed over it, which will cause the fungus to grow.

How to make sense of all these insulators. We clarify in layman’s terms:

• vapor barrier – neither moisture nor steam misses, that is, the material completely isolates. It is placed on the inside of the room, as well as under the insulation, if we are talking about thermal insulation of the floor;
• waterproofing – does not pass moisture, but passes steam (there are options and complete isolation). These are the so -called membranes. They lay over the insulation so that the water does not fall into it, and the steam could go out;
• windproof – prevents air from entering the upper layers of the insulation and worsen its properties. At the same time passes both water and steam. Used only for ventilated facades.

There is always a venturezor between the films and the finish materials. Nevertheless, there won’t be any interference between the insulation and the foam. Stone cotton wool up to 35 kg/m in density is used for work. cube.

Roof insulation

To prevent moisture from entering the thermal insulation layer, a vapor barrier is placed between the insulation and the room. Placed behind the stone cotton wool is a steam-releasing waterproofing membrane. Remember to keep the ventilations open; otherwise, mold and condensation may grow. Recall that insulating films should not be exposed to direct sunlight because they are afraid of UV rays. An insulating material with a density of 40 kg/m is used on inclined roofs. cube.

We get acquainted closer

Excellent consumer and technical qualities characterize basalt thermal insulation.

This has a low specific heat conductivity (between 0.04 and 0.05 units), to start. This figure indicates the energy that moves through 1 m2 in a given amount of time. The best natural heat insulator, air, is found in large quantities in the plate’s volume, which accounts for the low value. Subject to installation guidelines, the medium’s immobility is provided by the fibers’ disorganized placement. The interior design enhances the soundproofing qualities. Tests carried out in the laboratory validate data.

You can cut your external wall construction and acquisition costs by using the heat insulator. By virtue of their heat-adherent capacity, brick will be 19 times thicker than a wooden wall and 10 cm slabs will replace it four times.

Insulation made of basalt has a density of between 35 and 200 kg/m3. The mechanical loads that the plate can withstand increase with density.

To guarantee the material’s stated capacity to save heat, it must not be squeezed during installation.

Natural basalt and formaldehyde resin are used to ensure environmental safety (natural materials as a binding material are being developed). Because of the adhesive composition’s dependability, fiber infiltration into the respiratory system and human vision during installation is ruled out. The insulation doesn’t break down while it’s in use. By installing hydro-vapor barrier membranes, the possibility of fibers blowing out of the insulator is eliminated. The environmental certificates enable their use in patient rooms, medical facilities, and children’s institutions.

The material poses no fire risk. The insulation changes color without a fire at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. Substances containing formaldehyde can be identified by their ability to breathe when heated.

Moisture absorption is not possible due to the stone base. Moisture cannot build up in the voids thanks to the hydrophobic coating on the threads. When the test sample is submerged in water, only 1% of the volume is absorbed as moisture.

Biological activity is a crucial factor. It has a significant impact on the environmental factor as well as how long the thermal insulator can be used for the intended purpose. The inorganic component totally removes the chance that microorganisms like mold and fungus will proliferate and spread. He is disliked by insects and rodents for the same reason. They consume it for sustenance. The building of houses in it is very challenging. In addition, you can simply fit the plate to the required size during installation with the use of a regular construction knife.

The manufacturer has specified a life of fifty years. It is reasonable to state that there is a two-time supply, if not more, of basalt plates available for use based on an evaluation of their production and characteristics.

Spheres and methods of using basalt wool

Stonewathing insulation is a material that can be used for universal thermal insulation and can be installed in a dry or wet manner.

D. It is utilized as an isolation layer in ventilated hinged facades in the first instance, as well as for roof pie placement, flooring insulation, and floor slab insulation in both private and public buildings.

The material is frequently utilized as a component of passive fire protection, such as a fire cutter, because of its high fire resistance.

Stone cotton wool is used in civilian construction, both individual and loaded, to warm vertical and horizontal structures and building elements.

Because of the material’s high fire safety, it is frequently used in frame and wooden construction.

In residential construction, basalt wool insulation is most frequently used for:

• devices of roofing cake flat roofs, as well as for insulation of rafter structures;
• thermal insulation of inter -story ceilings and floor base devices;
• as internal or external insulation of vertical and inclined surfaces that do not carry load;
• thermal insulation and insulation of chimneys;
• for insulation of external walls of houses using the “wet facade” technologies and the device of ventilated hinged systems;
• fireplaces in the house;
• installation of heating and other heating equipment;
• for the manufacture of sandwich panels used in frame construction and t. D.

Although basalt wool products have high soundproofing qualities that make it possible to create comfortable living and working environments, they can also be used to insulate internal walls and partitions.

Cord basalt

A heat-insulating cord is made to provide thermal protection for linear objects made of basalt fiber. Steel wire or blackloving is braided. The pipelines with wall temperatures as high as 400 °C in the first scenario and as high as 700 °C in the second are fitted with the basalt heat insulation cord.

The density of the heat-insulating cord is 150–200 kg/m3. The insulated pipeline must have a minimum diameter of 15 mm.

The primary use for the cord is:

• thermal insulation of energy equipment;
• thermal protection of equipment used in everyday life;
• insulation of joints of reinforced concrete structures.

Insulation materials made of basalt have the potential to significantly reduce energy costs for building structures, both during the insulation process and in operation. Warm with enjoyment.

Basalt insulation sizes and manufacturers

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Manufacturers produce basalt insulation in the following forms:

• rolled products, the dimensions of which can differ in different manufacturers, but the most common are the following: 1000 × 4000 × 50, 3000 × 1000 × 200, 6000 × 1000 × 200, 4750 × 1000 × 200, 2000 × 1200 × 40-200 and 1 000 × 2500 × 20-100 mm;
• plates with the following dimensions: 600 × 1000 × 50-100, 600 × 1200 × 20-200, 600 × 1200 × 50-100 mm;
• mats, cylinders and other products, the sizes of which vary significantly depending on the manufacturer.

Among the most well-known brands available on the market are the following:

Which type of insulation is best for country homes’ interior walls? – Here’s some more helpful information.

1. Rockwool, which has multiple product series available on the market. Ruf Batts are used to warm the roof, Kaviti Batts are used as an intermediate layer to warm the facades, and Facade Batts are used for both the wet facade and the attachment device.

2. For thermal insulation of brick clutches of the walls of wooden houses, Technonikol offers the "Technofas" series, which is specifically designed to warm houses in accordance with "wet facade" technology. Another option is "Technoblock Standard."

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3. For the device of a roof pie of flat roofs, ISOROC provides isoruf-Nl.

You can use a variety of materials, such as Technolite Extra from Technonikol, GreenGuard station wagon, Izovol St-50, and Rockwool "Light Batts," to insulate the interior of homes.

You can use materials in the shape of "sauna butts" plates with a foil layer from Rockwool in the sauna and bath.

In addition to considering the material’s performance and price when selecting a heater, it’s crucial to consider the local climate and the technical specifications of the design that will use thermal insulation.

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A great way to improve a home’s comfort and energy efficiency is with basalt insulation. Because of its technical qualities, it can be used in a variety of heating and insulation system applications. Its superior thermal performance, which efficiently minimizes heat loss and energy consumption, is one of its main advantages.

Moreover, residential buildings are further protected by the exceptional fire resistance of basalt insulation. Its non-combustible nature gives homeowners and occupants peace of mind by making it a dependable option for defending homes against fire hazards.

Basalt insulation is renowned for its longevity and sustainability in addition to its resistance to heat and fire. It fits in nicely with the rising demand for environmentally friendly building materials because of its long lifespan and low impact on the environment. Its ability to withstand moisture and mold development also helps to keep indoor environments healthy.

Furthermore, basalt insulation is unique in that it is simple to install and works with a variety of building techniques. It can be seamlessly integrated into pre-existing structures or incorporated into new building projects without causing significant hassle or complexity, whether it is used in walls, floors, or roofs.

All things considered, basalt insulation’s technical qualities make it an appealing option for homeowners wishing to raise the sustainability, safety, and energy efficiency of their houses. It is a wise investment to make eco-friendly and cozy living spaces because of its thermal performance, fire resistance, durability, and simplicity of installation.

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