Scheme of sewerage in a private house: how to make with your own hands, the device and types of sewerage systems

The sewer system is an important component of a private home’s comfort and functionality. An appropriately planned and executed sewerage system guarantees effective waste management, averts disagreeable smells, and upholds household hygiene. Knowing the fundamentals of sewage systems is crucial whether you’re building a new home or remodeling an old one.

Planning ahead and taking a number of factors into account is necessary when installing a sewer system in your home. There are many things to consider, ranging from local laws and environmental issues to the design of your home. Fortunately, you can plan and execute a sewerage scheme that satisfies your requirements and complies with safety regulations if you have the appropriate information and direction.

Selecting the kind of sewer system that best fits your needs and property is one of the first steps in sewer system planning. Conventional gravity systems, pressure systems, and alternative systems such as aerobic treatment units are among the available options. It’s crucial to carefully consider your options as each type has pros and cons of its own.

The design of the layout and installation procedure comes next after selecting the type of sewerage system. This include figuring out where important parts like the distribution box, drain field, and septic tank are located. For the system to function effectively and last a long time, proper placement is essential. In addition, elements like the land’s slope, groundwater levels, and kind of soil need to be considered.

Now that the design is complete, it’s time to dig in and get to work. Although installing a sewer system may seem difficult, DIY enthusiasts can handle the project with the right equipment and advice. Nonetheless, to guarantee the integrity and operation of the system, it’s critical to adhere to all safety precautions and local construction codes. Paying close attention to detail is essential when installing a septic tank or excavating trenches for pipes.

Types of sewerage systems for a private house

It makes no sense to dispute the necessity of having water in your house or dacha. However, its excess poses an even greater threat than its deficiency. In economic terms, an area that is overly irrigated is even more worthless than one that is severely dry. As a result, unique systems are developed to eliminate surplus moisture:

1. A drainage sewer system designed to collect and remove liquid from moisture-saturated soil strata.

1. Storm water drainage system that collects rain and melt water, drains it into special storage tanks and then discharges it into the storm sewer system or into devices to be used for household needs during dry periods.

1. Fecal sewerage, responsible for the collection, treatment and utilization of household fecal wastewater and products of human activity. We suggest to read the article about how to choose a fecal pump for sewerage in a private house.

Each of these gadgets serves a particular purpose and has a unique design that reflects this.

Each system’s effluent nature necessitates the separate collection and disposal of liquid from each kind of designated device.

How to make a scheme of sewerage in the house with your own hands

A graphical action plan is an example of such a document. With the help of a sewer project, you can accurately estimate how much material your home will require to install a sewer system.

The building’s design serves as the foundation for creating drainage schemes because it makes it obvious where plumbing fixtures are installed and what their names are, enabling accurate material selection.

Factors affecting the composition and design of the sewer system in the house

In order to ascertain the dimensions and positioning of the primary components in a private home’s sewerage system, it is imperative to ascertain the water consumption level. The computation makes use of average consumption data.

One can use a standard of 100 liters per person as an initial approximation. The primary outdoor sewage equipment should be positioned no closer than 4 meters from the plot boundary and no closer than 10 meters from the residential building, according to the fundamental rule of design.

In this instance, it should be at least 35 meters to the closest water intake (well or borehole).

The sanitary and epidemiological service, the inspection authorities, will demand that the distance be at least the above figure if your neighbors start complaining about you!

Here is an illustration of the project.

The major goals of creating a plan are to identify the drainage system’s equipment locations, calculate the sewer outlet cross-section, and choose suitable fittings for the gravity drainage network.

Elements of the internal sewerage system

These comprise the subsequent information:

1. Siphon and drain pipe of the kitchen sink.
2. The same device for the washbasin in the bathroom.
3. There – siphon and drainage pipe from the bathtub, and trap with siphon from the shower stall.
4. Drainage pipe and trap from bidet – in the toilet. There – trap and elbow connection of the toilet bowl to the standpipe of fecal sewerage.

These components might be present on every floor of a two-story home, but they might also be absent; in that case, the list above should be modified.

Every component listed above is attached to a drain pipe that is positioned horizontally. Given that we are discussing a gravity sewage system, the drainage channel is connected to the drainage system’s riser and installed with a slope of two to five millimeters toward the drain.

The standard bore of 32 to 50 millimeters allows for some variation in the drain pipe’s size. Practically speaking, it is usually preferable to settle for one, the maximum diameter, as this makes fitting selection easier. View the schematic down below.

An axonometric drawing summarizes all of the data regarding the use of plumbing elements, and it is this drawing that must be used to calculate the required materials.

Sewer pipe installations in country homes require that all connections be made at a 135-degree angle, for which the proper fittings are manufactured.

How to make a scheme of internal sewerage of the house yourself

This type of graphical document allows all communications within the home to be shown, including the drainage system layout. The subsequent situations are considered:

1. All plumbing fixtures are installed on the floor along the same wall common to the kitchen, bathroom and toilet.

1. In the kitchen, a sink, dishwasher and washing machine can be installed.
2. These units are connected to a common drainage pipe through traps, preventing the penetration of air from the sewer with characteristic odors into the room.
3. The outlet pipe through the hole in the wall passes into the bathroom, where the following sanitary appliances can be connected: washbasin, bathtub, washing machine – each device with its own trap.

1. The next hole in the wall goes into the toilet, where a bidet and a toilet can be placed.
2. All connections are made to the outlet pipe with a diameter of 40-50 millimeters using tees at an angle of 135 degrees. Connections should be made "in the socket", equipped with a sealing collar for tightness.

Since there is no pressurization in the wastewater collection and disposal system, the drainage main is installed with a slope of 1-2 millimeters per meter of length. This rule needs to be strictly followed.

Water flow will be difficult or impossible if the slope is too small, and drainage will occur more quickly if the parameter is exceeded. Consequently, the water will drain and some of the impurities will stay in the pipe, setting the stage for more clogging in the future.

The riser, which receives the drainage water from the outlet pipe, is the second important node of the internal sewage system in a private home. These outlets may come in multiples.

Because of this, the riser pipe’s diameter is selected to be between 100 and 150 millimeters. A revision needs to be installed on the riser pipe in order to keep an eye on its condition and guarantee that cleaning is possible.

However, this system component also serves another crucial purpose: it is known as a flue pipe and continues to supply ventilation for the sewer system.

The base of the fan pipe is attached to an additional revision that is installed at the upper end of the riser within the house. It exits through the roof ceilings and ceilings. For effective removal of foul sewer odors, the upper end needs to be at least half a meter higher than the roof ridge.

Furthermore, the siphon may explode if waste water fills the riser pipe to the brim.

A filled riser pipe experiences a rarefaction, which draws water closures from the traps into the riser pipe. Through empty traps, the air enters the living area of the house without smelling at all. The outcome is clear.

Installing a flue pipe allows air to enter the system and equalize pressure, which completely resolves this unsightly situation.

To avoid leaves and debris clogging the flue pipe, it should be covered by a header. The most common shape for them is a deflector, which directs air upward for ventilation.

As a result, the riser is essential to the drainage system as a whole, and when planning the sewerage system, all of its features should be considered.

Features of the device of sewerage in a two-story private house

A country house’s upper floor device also permits the drainage system to be used. Less drain points, typically showers and toilets, are present on it.

The second floor sewage distribution is run concurrently with a first floor network of a similar nature to save costs. Because the drain is connected to the existing riser, there is no need to install a second riser, which simplifies the system’s design and installation.

Elements of the external sewerage system

The goal of the various units that make up the external system of sewage treatment and utilization is to disinfect wastewater.

The principal ones are:

1. Filtering wells or septic tanks. The first are the simplest to manufacture and operate. They represent an excavation in the ground up to three meters deep. The transverse size can reach two meters regardless of its shape. The walls of the excavation are reinforced with concrete or masonry. They can be solid or perforated with holes of 40-60 millimeters. A filter up to 80 centimeters thick is arranged at the bottom of the well.

You can use broken bricks, gravel, and slag for it. The latter is placed on top of a layer of fractured bricks; the fraction is roughly 50 millimeters in size. Material with a size of 15 millimeters is used for the gravel filter.

1. Septic tanks. The tank is separated by one or more partitions.

The first chamber is filled with the drained liquid. To stop the liquid jet from eroding the sludge layer, a protective plate must be installed where it falls. The chamber, which will serve as the foundation for the aerobic filter, should be filled with a cartridge containing a bacterial culture.

The biological mass breaks down the contaminants in it. Water spills over the top of the partition and into the second chamber, where atomized air is blasted into the water via an aerator. Anaerobic bacteria in the presence of oxygen oxidize and further process the contaminants in this process.

Sewage purification with a septic tank ranges from 75 to 90%, indicating the need for further treatment to achieve total disinfection.

1. Soil field filtration
2. Sewer laying projects are carried out individually depending on the actual conditions.

This technique is applied to wastewater to provide additional treatment as it moves through soil. The liquid leaves the septic tank and travels through a double layer of geofabric and a gravel filter before entering the drainage pipe system.

They are completely contained by fine particles, with a 98% level of purification.

The properties of soils limit the application of this additional wastewater treatment technique. Dense loams and clay soils, which have low permeability, render the fields useless. The best sandy gravel and sandy soils, which enable high-quality sewage filtration.

1. Infiltrators. Infiltrators are installed on low permeability soils. They are box-shaped plastic products with side grids, closed at the top and open at the bottom. Depending on the volume of processing, up to 3-4 devices can be installed in series.

Any of the items listed below can be used in any combination or in the buyer’s preferred configuration. Plastic pipes with a diameter of 100–150 millimeters are used to connect objects; 200 millimeter pipes are used less frequently for larger objects.

Furthermore, every outdoor sewage facility has a ventilation system; fan pipes are utilized inside the building to accomplish this.

Septic tank use is most common in places with little precipitation, and treated liquid is actively reused for domestic purposes.

Design of external sewerage system

These two parts of one task are diametrically opposed. The external sewerage system is intended for the disinfection and use of wastewater, if the internal sewerage system is intended to collect it.

The slope from the house foundation to the storage tank should be 1-2 millimeters per meter for the same reasons (see above), which is the only similarity between its regulations and the internal requirements.

The outdoor sewerage system’s functions include processing and disinfecting wastewater. Since the treated water is returned to the user after one last round of ground filtration, it must be completely safe to be released into the ground.

The object passes into the surrounding environment, so the depth of ground freezing must be considered. The pipe has to be below this elevation.

However, even if this requirement is satisfied, it is still advisable to insulate the sewer pipe in case of weather emergencies, which have been happening remarkably frequently lately.

Additionally, it is preferable to install a heating cable in the sewer pipe that will activate automatically when the temperature reaches a certain point in order to ensure the integrity of the pipeline.

Factors influencing the design of the scheme

They can be subjective, resulting from the right mindset of the designer, or objective, resulting from particular circumstances.

The previously mentioned depth of ground freezing, which influences the pipe’s depth in the external portion of the sewer system, can be attributed to the first.

The selection of the filtration method for the liquid treated by septic tanks is also justified by objective factors. The use of infiltrates forces the installation of sewerage systems on clay soils with low permeability.

The absence of a dedicated closed shaft for the placement of the flue pipe can be related to the first group’s factors. Its necessity has already been established. In this case, a wall-mounted version is installed with an outlet through the wall, and brackets are used to fasten it to the wall.

You can use an air valve to release pressure in the sewage drain if installing a fan pipe in this variation is also not desired.

Varieties of sewerage facilities and their functioning

Several methods are employed to disinfect and purify sewage that is disposed of in a private home. These include:

1. Accumulation of liquid in a special tank. Here the primary separation of the drain into solid liquid fractions takes place. It uses chemical and biological preparations, which contribute to liquefaction of the mass and its partial processing by active bacteria. The culture can be purchased in specialized stores or at the construction market.

Although the provided purification scheme is used in industrial settings, the majority of operations are also performed, in one way or another, at home using purification devices.

INFORMATION TO ASSIST. Thus, wastewater is treated chemically and bacteriologically in the storage tank. In a filtering well, more treatment is administered. Here, the filter is made of sand and gravel. Granulated slag and broken bricks are effective adsorbents that yield good results.

A concrete ring that measured two meters in height and up to 2.5 meters in diameter served as the well’s body. A neck was installed in the upper section so that the metal cover was the only part that remained at ground level.

The ring is surrounded by filter mass. Brickwork is also used as a practice for creating the body.

Septic tanks with multiple chambers intended for distinct uses are a further development of filtering devices.

The first tank is used for aeration, chemical and biological treatment, primary separation into fractions, and effluent accumulation. The effluent’s decomposition products are pre-oxidized using spray air treatment.

The treatment system incorporates a continuous compressor for this reason.

A filtering well is installed in the final section of the treatment plant, where wastewater is further purified.

Although an autonomous treatment system’s design may vary amongst its variants, its basic functionality never changes. Modern septic tanks treat wastewater to a degree of 98%, which is a very high indicator.

Even so, the most recent gadget requires routine cleaning and pumping to remove sludge.

Depth of laying and angle of inclination of the pipes to the tank

The construction site’s climate will determine how deep to set the sewer’s external component components. One thing is certain: freezing poses the greatest risk to the pipeline, particularly if it is composed of metal.

Most of the time, this phenomenon is caused by its destruction. The worst part, though, is that you can disregard the sewer system’s operation until the first signs of warmth arrive. The system will need to be excavated before any money can be spent on system restoration and repair.

When it comes to heating and insulating your home, the key is efficiency and comfort. Ensuring your house stays warm in the winter and cool in the summer not only keeps you comfortable but also saves money on energy bills. From properly sealing windows and doors to insulating walls and attics, there are various strategies to improve your home"s insulation. Additionally, choosing the right heating system, whether it"s a furnace, boiler, or heat pump, can make a significant difference in your energy usage and overall comfort. By investing in proper insulation and selecting an efficient heating system, you can create a more sustainable and comfortable living environment while reducing your energy costs.As for the article on sewerage systems in private houses, understanding the scheme and types of systems is crucial for maintaining a clean and hygienic environment. Building a sewerage system for your home doesn"t have to be daunting; with the right knowledge and tools, it"s something you can tackle yourself. From designing the layout to choosing the appropriate pipes and fittings, there are various aspects to consider. Whether you opt for a gravity-fed system, a septic tank, or a more complex sewage treatment plant, each has its own advantages and requirements. By following the proper steps and understanding the different options available, you can create an efficient and reliable sewerage system for your private house, ensuring proper waste disposal and safeguarding the health and hygiene of your household.

Piping and pipe laying

A set of guidelines for installing internal and external pipelines during the sewage system’s construction has been developed as a result of accumulated experience. They appear like this:

1. Regardless of the place and method of its placement, type of pipes and other conditions, it is mandatory to comply with the laying of the slope in the direction of runoff. It is necessary to follow the requirements of SNiPs, as each pipe size requires a certain slope. Violation of the rules on its size leads, as a rule, to the formation of a blockage.
2. The distances between sewerage objects should be optimal in length, if they exceed 4-5 meters, a revision cut-in is necessary. On 10-meter plots it is necessary to install a revision well.
3. When laying sewerage in a country house (underground installation) must be guided by the requirements of SNiP 2.04.03-85 и 2.04,01-85 regarding the observance of distances between separate objects of the sewerage network.
4. In Russian conditions, an important factor is to place the pipeline below the zero freezing point of the ground. To ensure this factor, the trench must be deep enough, but you can go the way of insulating the sewerage system, up to the use of heating cables during the installation.
5. Laying of sewerage pipes is made only on a cushion of sand and the same is made by covering the top with it. This step is very important for their integrity.

The sand layer needs to be gently compacted when utilizing plastic pipes. The best results come from liberally dousing the cover in water. In this instance, the highest caliber of compaction occurs, following which soil can be backfilled.

If properly installed and maintained, a country house’s autonomous sewerage system can last for a very long time.

Insulation of the sewer pipe

By taking this precaution, you can prevent the need for significant excavation work when installing communications in areas with severe weather and keep shallow pipes from freezing. For this, a variety of insulating materials are employed:

• glass wool;
• mineral wool;
• polystyrene foam, and many others.

Installing a heating cable with a sensor to turn on at a critical temperature drop is another option for complete assurance. The expenditure made will remove the need for repairs and associated expenses. This configuration of the sewer main does not require it to be deeply embedded.

The requirements for the internal system’s gravity sewer pipes’ angle of inclination have already been covered above. These also apply to its external portion, which is 1-2 millimeters for every meter of wire length.

Topic	Scheme of Sewerage in a Private House: How to Make with Your Own Hands, the Device and Types of Sewerage Systems
Introduction	Understanding the Basics of Sewerage Systems in Homes
1	Gravity-Flow Systems
– Utilize Slope to Direct Waste Downward
– Requires Proper Grading and Pipe Installation
2	Pressurized Systems
– Use Pumps to Push Waste Against Gravity
– Ideal for Areas with Challenging Terrain
3	Components of a Sewerage System
– Pipes: PVC, Cast Iron, or ABS Plastic
– Cleanouts: Access Points for Maintenance
– Ventilation: Prevents Pressure Build-up and Odors
Conclusion	Choosing the Right System and Components for Your Home

Maintaining a clean and hygienic living environment in a private home requires proper sewage disposal. Every drop of wastewater, from the bathroom shower to the kitchen sink, requires a well-thought-out sewerage system to be effectively removed.

Although installing a sewerage system may seem like a difficult undertaking, it is completely doable with the correct advice and a little do-it-yourself spirit. The first step to success is to comprehend the fundamental ideas and elements of a sewerage scheme.

You have a few choices to think about when designing your own sewage system. Conventional septic tanks are a common option because they offer an easy and efficient way to treat wastewater. Conversely, more recent approaches, such as aerobic treatment units, provide greater effectiveness and environmental friendliness.

Whichever system you decide on, careful preparation and execution are essential. When planning the structure and layout of your sewerage system, take into account variables like the composition of the soil, the levels of groundwater, and applicable local laws. Careful planning now can save you headaches later. It takes time and effort.

Never forget that when working on any part of the infrastructure in your home, safety comes first. Consult experts or local authorities for advice if you’re unclear about any part of developing or setting up a sewerage system.

You can build a dependable and effective wastewater disposal system for your home by spending some time learning about sewerage systems and treating the project with caution and attention to detail. With the correct information and work, you’ll be well-prepared to confidently take on this crucial part of house maintenance.

Video on the topic

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