Radiation wiring of the heating system in an apartment building

In apartment buildings, heating systems are essential for efficiency and comfort, particularly in the winter. The heating system’s radiation wiring is one well-liked technique for achieving uniform heat distribution throughout the structure. Instead of heating the air indirectly through convection, this technique entails positioning heating elements so that they radiate warmth directly into living spaces. Compared to conventional systems, this approach guarantees more uniform heat distribution and reaches the living areas more quickly.

Installing pipes or heating cables inside an apartment’s walls or under its floors is how radiant heating systems operate. Via these systems, heat is directly transferred from hot surfaces to the people and items occupying the space. By preserving the room’s inherent humidity levels, this direct heating technique contributes to a cozier atmosphere. Additionally, it lessens the flow of allergens and dust, which is advantageous for locals who have allergies or respiratory problems.

Radiation wiring has many benefits, one of which is its energy efficiency. It lowers heat loss and energy consumption by focusing on particular zones within an apartment and keeping the temperature constant. This results in lower utility costs as well as a more ecologically friendly living environment. In addition, the system runs silently, eliminating the noise produced by blowers and ducts in conventional forced-air systems.

Careful planning and consideration of the existing infrastructure are necessary when installing a radiant heating system in an apartment building. Working with a knowledgeable contractor who is aware of the building’s engineering and architectural specifications is crucial. While the installation may be easier to integrate into an existing structure with proper planning and execution, it can also be simpler during the building’s construction phase.

All things considered, the heating system’s radiation wiring offers a contemporary solution that provides effectiveness, comfort, and a healthier living environment. In new apartment construction and renovations, radiant heating systems are likely to become standard equipment as technology develops and more buildings strive for increased energy efficiency.

Features of radiation wiring in the heating system

Our climate is greatly influenced by domestic heating. However, I also want it to be efficient and cost-effective in addition to heating the space. The heating system’s radiation wiring provides answers to these parameters.

Positive sides

It is already beyond the old trigeminal principle of heating system organization. This system is inefficient; it does not let you change the temperature in each room independently and does not shut off in segments, so you may have to impose a whole house eviction if necessary. All of these flaws are eliminated by the radiation wiring of the heating system, also known as the collector. This enables you to precisely control the temperature on nearly every radiator and to turn off any heating device, a group of radiators, or an entire floor from the general scheme while the system keeps operating normally.

The horizontal heating system type, which has a single main riser and floor branches from it, includes collector wiring. Such wiring started to be used practically everywhere in modern multi-apartment construction. There is a unique contour given for every apartment.

Features of the collector scheme

The heating system’s two-pipe horizontal radiation wiring connects all of the heating components in parallel, with two highways for direct and reverse flow. Another feature of the radiation system is the provision of a separate branch from the supply and reverse pipe for every room.

A distinguishing characteristic of the radial system from the perimeter, which is also modern and common, is the principle of individual branches. In this system, the coolant flows through the apartment or floor in a sequential manner from one heating device to another along the perimeter.

Of course, there will be differences in the heat transfer between the first, which is always present in the radiator, and the latter. A riser adjacent to another riser or directly from the boiler in the collector’s private residence, or a comb of the plot with numerous bends that are typically housed in a separate cabinet, are characteristics of the radial system.

This is where all the pipes that go to different rooms or even heating appliances are gathered. This enables you to arrange all of the sensors, turn off the faucets, and add more support in a compact manner. The gathering and redistributing of coolant flows throughout the system is the aim of this location.

A single-pipe version of the collector type of wiring is not feasible because hot and cooled coolant must mix together. In this instance, heating the coolant and improving the conditions for temperature regulation result in savings. Installing a mixture node would be difficult if the reverse manifold was installed separately.

Types of radiation turning

There are just two ways to put in place a collector heating system:

1. With forced circulation, the main advantage of which is a stable and effective pumping of the coolant in all communications. The circulation pump can be installed on any of the highways – supplies or reverse.
2. With natural circulation, in the diagram of which the expansion tank and communication of large diameter are included.

It makes sense to install a natural circulation system in country homes in order to save money. Ultimately, there is no need for the pump or any other kind of sensor in this situation.

The advantages of the radiation scheme

By updating the heating system, there are excellent opportunities to control the temperature of individual radiation wiring elements, which can result in significant energy savings.

Usually, this involves installing sensors and other devices that, in response to outside temperature, automatically maintain a specific temperature range in various rooms.

The benefits of radiant heating in a private home are clear:

1. For each heating device, a flexible temperature control system can be implemented.
2. The highest efficiency among all existing heating systems.
3. All communications are laid secretly – they are closed into the design of walls and floor, only the radiator itself remains (this article will tell about the methods of connection).
4. Heating devices and individual nodes can be repaired without stopping the entire system.
5. Design and installation are quite simple due to the use of pipes of the same section from the distribution collector to the radiator and the absence of any connections on this site.

The high material consumption and associated high cost of the home’s heating system are the drawbacks. Furthermore, emptying the coolant entirely from a single collector circuit branch is a challenging task.

The most popular collector-ray heating system found in contemporary apartment buildings, in which pipes are placed beneath a layer of concrete. In addition to the benefits of making the space seem better, fixing communications can be difficult work when it comes to the premises.

When it makes sense to equip the radiation system

Even though arranging collector wiring for home heating has many benefits, it’s not always necessary.

First of all, prior to installation, this kind of horizontal system necessitates the final sex to be absent. If not, you’ll have to shatter the tiles, parquet flooring, etc. D.

The future system project should be meticulously designed and worked out before installation, with the following details needing to be considered:

• installation sites of heating devices;
• plan the gasket of communications – the central distribution collector and individual circuits;
• calculate the installation sites of safety and shut -off valves and their number.

It is clear how crucial the final point is to the radiation heating system’s configuration. For instance, the system mentioned above needs one air vent installed for each outline if standard pipe wiring calls for just one air vent to be installed.

Large private homes are typically good candidates for this type of heating, as the system’s main requirements are high efficiency and significant fuel savings.

However, a thorough project development is necessary for high-quality implementation. Additionally, because of the high material intensity of such a system, its cost is typically higher than that of similar horizontal perimeter wiring.

Although the radial heating system is highly expensive, it is also incredibly effective. Its primary benefits include minimal heat loss, the ability to install a specific temperature in distinct contours, and the ability to heat devices independently. Furthermore, each radiator can be disconnected from the system to be replaced or repaired without affecting the heat distribution to adjacent rooms.

How to arrange a collector system (video)

The primary guidelines for the operation and configuration of the heating radiation system are covered in this video. Schemes and drawings are provided for clarification.

Any heating system arrangement involves material costs. You could also use a different plan that will work and won’t cost a lot of money to implement. It is preferable to install a collector heating system if you want the systems to be convenient, require less money for ongoing operation, and let you modify the amount of heat supplied in various rooms.

Perimetric or radiation wiring of the heating system: what to choose?

Radiation wiring of the heating system has several indisputable benefits as a type of method of laying the heating pipes of two-pipe horizontal systems of contemporary multi-apartment and private houses. Because each circuit of the system with these wiring pipes is connected to the heating manifold independently, we are able to set up a unique operating mode for him that satisfies the requirement of his location being comfortable in a particular area of the room.

Heating pipes installed beneath a wooden floor on lags or in the thickness of a concrete screed should be reliable enough to prevent leaks, worsen throughput, and other defects, or to reduce their likelihood to a minimum.

Wiring schemes of modern horizontal heating systems

Horizontal heating systems are becoming more and more common in contemporary apartment buildings and single-family homes with multiple stories. Such a scheme requires one or more vertical two-pipe risers, with branches/inputs on each floor in separate rooms/apartments, at each entrance (in the case of an apartment building). The "horizontal" method is used to lay pipelines further.

When installing these kinds of systems, builders almost always run into the issue of how hard it is to heat the pipes that lead to the radiators. The inhabitants were not hampered by the vertical system pipelines that ran the length of the walls. Horizontal pipes that are left exposed along the walls make it difficult to run the business normally and don’t blend in well with the interior design. As a result, several horizontal hidden gasket techniques are employed.

A branched dead end diagram of wiring with pipes in the screed

Pipeline wiring that includes a complex dead end design.

Mutual pipeline crossing levels the circuit’s minimum pipes and hydraulic resistances, increasing the screed’s thickness (each centimeter costs from 40 rubles/m2).

Perimetric wiring of the heating system

• Dead end diagram with pipelines in screed or under skirting.

Pipe wiring diagram for a system with two dead ends.

The requirement to drill holes in the walls equalizes the absence of pipe crossings in the diagram (five holes must be drilled in the provided scheme).

• Wiring of pipelines according to a scheme with a passing water movement (schematikhelman).

The Tichelman scheme is used for pipeline wiring.

In this case, the longest "return" length is found in the last radiator, while the shortest "feed" length is found in the first radiator of the heating circuit. You can balance any number of radiators in the branch because the coolant encounters constant hydraulic resistance while the instrument devices are flowing.

Collector-ray wiring of the heating system

A collector-ray system’s pipe wiring scheme.

This scheme is getting more and more popular all the time. Here, pipes are installed in pairs ("feed" and "return") in the screed of the floor, approaching each radiator from collectors ("sub-" and "reverse," respectively). The scheme’s installation simplicity (no pipe or wall hole intersection) is its main advantage. The drawback is higher expenses as a result of the collectors’ enforcement and the high pipe consumption.

The radial scheme also benefits from the use of pipes with small diameters. The perimetric wiring scheme will require the use of pipes with diameters of 25 and 32 mm in apartments (private house floors). As a result, the screed’s thickness and the radiator-connection tees’ diameter will both rise. Such an element’s price is equivalent to that of the pipe.

The last advantage is obtained by decreasing the diameter of the pipes through the use of radiation wiring, which lengthens the pipes.

General requirements for the installation of radiation wiring

A common technique for installing pipes in a screed with a thickness of 50–80 mm is to use collector-beam wiring. Above that is plywood, enclosed by the final flooring (linoleum, parquet). For free "monolithic" intra-apartment (intra-house) radiation wiring of the heating system, this screed thickness is more than enough. It is possible to install pipes externally along the walls beneath ornate skirting boards, which will inevitably result in longer pipelines. There are options that are known for installing radiation wiring pipes in strobes—the area beneath the bearing (suspended) ceiling.

Radiators connected to a collector-ray system.

Uses include metal-plastic or stitched polyethylene (PEX) pipes, which can be placed in thermal insulation or a corrugated triber. PEX pipe has a clear advantage in this situation. Only inextricable connections can be "frozen" into concrete, according to SNiP. Tensioning fittings linked to inextricable connections are used to connect PEX pipes. Unit nuts are used with crimp fittings on metal-plastic pipes. To "handle" them is to transgress SNiP. Every removable pipe fitting ought to be reachable for upkeep purposes (tightening).

Not every metal or plastic pipe is ideal for laying floor screed, even in the absence of fittings. Manufacturers’ products have a significant flaw: layers of polyethylene and aluminum peel as a result of the coolant’s frequent temperature fluctuations. Ultimately, the volumetric expansion coefficients of plastic and metal are different. As a result, what holds them together should be:

• internally durable (kogezive);
• adhesive to aluminum and polyethylene;
• flexible;
• elastic;
• heat -resistant.

Not all adhesive compositions, even from well-known European producers of metal-plastic pipes, are relaxed over time, causing the inner layer of polyethylene in such pipes to "collapse," decreasing their cross section. The system’s normal operation is disrupted, and it is nearly impossible to locate the problem—typically, they "sin" on the malfunctions of pumps, thermostats, and other devices with mobile nodes.

Considering the aforementioned, we advise readers to be aware of ValTec metal-plastic pipes that use the American glue of the DSM issue, which guarantees the adhesion, strength, and total lack of delays of the metal/plastic compound.

Collector cabinets and blocks

Distribution collectors (serving and "return") are installed in apartments with horizontal radiation heating wiring (found on private home floors), gathering all supply and reverse pipelines at their outputs. They are positioned within the uniquely designed metal cabinets, which are frequently integrated into the Santehuzl partitions and open within. Installing distributors in strategically placed wall niches is feasible. The heat energy meter and collector node are frequently housed in the same collector cabinet.

A communal cabinet equipped with a heat meter.

Collectors can be assembled on tees or be full, representing sections of thick pipes with outgoing pipes. These devices’ materials can be:

• plastic;
• nickelized brass;
• copper;
• stainless steel.

A lot of well-known producers of heating equipment, like Valtec and others, release ready-made collector blocks that include automatic air vents, drainage valves, bracket fasteners, manual tuning valves on the feed collector, thermostatic valves on the reverse manifold, and supply and reverse collectors.

Total block collector.

The setting valves with integrated flow meters handle the task of individually adjusting the thermal regime of each one-diator branch of the collector-ray heating system. The lengths of the branches vary, and the coolant tries to move in the shortest path with the least amount of hydraulic force. With short branches, it streams more intensely and is more difficult to damage the installed radiators.

The supply collector’s tuning valves adjust the amount of water used (antifreeze), expanding in long contours and making conditional passages in short ones. The coolant duct along the contours should not be abruptly blocked or opened by the setting valve, as setting up is a laborious process. Thermostatic valves look after this function.

Thermal valves on the collector, also known as "return" valves, can be adjusted to automatically or manually overlap the stream smoothly. Hydraulic balancing of the radial heating system is simple.

Installing a radiation wiring system for heating in an apartment building can greatly improve the comfort and efficiency of living areas for occupants. In contrast to conventional techniques, this method uses a centralized network of pipes that radiate outward from the heat source like spokes on a wheel to more precisely direct heat to the areas that need it most. This arrangement minimizes hot and cold spots by distributing heat more evenly throughout all apartments. It also permits individual control in each unit, which saves energy and lowers heating expenses. Because of this, modern, energy-conscious apartment buildings wishing to upgrade their heating systems would be wise to consider radiation wiring.

Combined scheme for wiring heating pipelines

There are frequently multiple heating devices in a room instead of just one. When wiring collective beams, bring a separate two-pipe loop vegetation to each radiator in an illogical manner. It is preferable to install a different branch in every room to avoid multiple heating units and create a dead end or passing scheme.

The heating system’s combined wiring scheme.

Compute a system like radiation. A separate calculation is made to determine whether a branch is a dead end or passes by the branches that supply coolant to multiple radiators. These days, radiators come equipped with thermal cellpans, or temperature controllers, that users can program to operate at various temperatures according to the room’s current comfort needs. It is challenging to keep the room’s temperature regime stable.

It turns out that you can eliminate instability while also cutting the expense of connecting radiators through a technique known as the "passing scheme."

An illustration of the radiator connections that is "passing"

The thermal class regulates the coolant flow rate for all heating devices that are regularly turned on, but it is only applied to the first radiator in the circuit. People view them as a single radiator. When a device has ten or more sections, it will become difficult to balance.

Automatic collector-ray system

Radiation wiring includes radiators with an automatically adjustable coolant supply. In this instance, the reverse manifold’s thermal valves (position 2 on rice). "Complete collector block") in place of the manual control’s plastic lid (position 4 on rice). A tiny electromechanical servo drive was installed in a "Complete collector block" and was wired to an analog rod or controller. Without any reinforcement, radiators are connected to heating pipes (ball valves can be installed).

The thermal valve’s servo drive dimensions.

Such a plan offers a higher degree of comfort but at a higher capital cost. The user can adjust the desired air temperature using the indoor thermostat’s control panel. The signals for this panel are determined by servo drives on the collector’s thermal valves, which indicate "Refunction." The system’s name is the chronotermostat, which gives the user the option to program the temperature for a week and distinguish it based on the days of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

The user can select individual operating device modes and perform hydraulic balancing with the heating system equipped with collector-beaming pipes. During radiation wiring, a certain amount of pipe length is naturally offset by a decrease in pipe diameter and installation ease.

A two -pipe heating system of a private house – classification, varieties and practical design skills

One -pipe and two -pipe heating wiring in a private house

Collector heating system of a private house – advantages and disadvantages

Modern radiation heating system

Bonfire – the first direct descendant of the radial heating, and the Russian stove, a vivid example of this. Large, occupying significant space, it was able to warm the house with its infrared radiation, and in a simple way-live warmth. If the room is warm, then the radiation of heat, as such, does not occur, a person feels comfortable. And if it has cold walls, ceiling and other interior items, to a greater extent, it is on them that infrared rays emitted by a person are broadcast. Surely, anyone can recall the chills running through the body, it would seem, in a warm room. This is the radiation heat transfer, on the principle of which a radial heating system is built. Infrared radiation is the first, and the only principle of heat output that any object or object has a temperature that does not lower below the mark of the absolute zero along Kelvin. And it, the more intense, the higher the temperature range of the object. A person also serves as a source of radiation of infrared rays, which are difficult to believe, but for the most part they go to heating the premises in which he is currently located.

Modern heating systems

A large amount of time has passed since the Russian furnace, and although it is An ideal option for radial heating at home. But at present, its installation in a city apartment is nonsense. But technologies are also developing every day, so all heating systems, including radiation, installed both in private houses and in apartments, for the most part the most modern ones are adapted to the requests of each person. Heating systems, first of all, are divided by how pipes are brought from the collector to radiators. These are several types of systems, such as; The principle of radiation heating is that wiring from the collector, the main distributor of the coolant, is implied for each radiator separately. This is the most significant plus in this system – radiators can be turned on and disabled, both separately and group . Besides, heat supply valve can be adjusted. For example, if the kitchen does not require such a amount of thermal radiation, due to the operation of household appliances that serve as an additional heat source, then the valve can be screwed. This can be done so that the heat is received into the kitchen, but not in the same amount as the rest of the rooms. The same can be done with those rooms that are not used for their intended purpose, but the heat should be maintained in them. Due to the regulation of heat supply, increases and fuel economy. And due to this, the readings of the heat meter are also delighted.

Radiation wiring: features and elements

The most optimal heating system is suitable for radiation radiation, it is for apartment buildings, or private houses that have more than one floor and many rooms. This is significant Increases work efficiency total equipment as a whole, guarantees high -quality thermal supply and significantly reduces the amount of heat – and energy indicators. The principle of operation of the radial heating system is quite simple, but has some features. For example, if there are several floors in the building, then the installation of the collector is implied on each floor. Moreover, in many cases, not one, but several collectors are installed, but already from them there is a wiring of pipes, and the organization of direct and reverse supply of the coolant. It is also worth noting the fact that radial heating of the house works effectively only in the case Good insulation of the house. due to which the smallest heat loss occurs. If the house is insulated as inside. so on the outside – there will be no problems with heating on the principle of infrared radiation. If on the contrary, all heat will go to heating walls, window panels, floors and so on. But by itself, the radiation system of heating is Complex design. combining the basic and additional elements necessary for quality work. You can include here;

• Boiler. which is almost the main element. It is from him that heat is supplied to the pipes, and through the pipes to the radiators.
• Circular pump. which creates a certain pressure in the pipes with which the coolant circulates, and the optimally comfortable temperature in the rooms is maintained. It also guarantees the effective operation of the entire heating system;
• Collector (or differently-comb), another most important element in the radiation system of heating. It is, as it were, the central, and it is from it that the uniform supply and distribution of heat in all the premises of the house come from it;
• Closet. where all the elements of the heating wiring should be hidden. The collector cabinet hides the distribution allector itself in itself. pipes and locking reinforcement. Is a fairly simple design, but very functional and practical. Can be located, as outside, so, built into the wall;

Advantages and disadvantages of radiation heating

In comparison to the most straightforward and well-known one- and two-pipe systems available today, radial heating offers a great deal more benefits than the previous generation of heating systems.

Benefits of the system for radiation heating:

• Statement – all pipes and components of the system elements are hidden from prying eyes and do not spoil the interior of the room;
• There is no connection between the heating device and the comb, that is weaknesses. As such, there is no at all;
• The opportunity is allowed Do -it -yourself installation. Due to which funds are saved, and the qualities of the work performed are not in doubt;
• Stable work the systems excludes hydraulic blows, and as a result, the failure;
• Even when repairing a section of heating, Do not have to disconnect the entire system, the repair is not complicated, and does not require the destruction of the design of the concrete screed, or any complex installation work;
• Availability And acceptable price equipment and installations;

There is probably only one drawback to mention: each radiation heating system is uniquely designed. This is particularly valid when it comes to installing heating systems in homes. Therefore, the overall cost of the structure can vary greatly in one direction or the other.

Plus, not everyone can independently install and establish a system, which means that you will have to pay for the work of installation masters. It is also impractical to install a similar system in a one-story private house, the total number of rooms of which does not exceed three to four rooms, including utility rooms. Here, in principle, and all the disadvantages.

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An innovative way to improve energy efficiency and comfort for residents is to incorporate radiation wiring into an apartment building’s heating system. With this method, residents can be sure that their homes are consistently warm because heat is distributed more evenly and it reacts to temperature changes quickly. Because it gives each person autonomy, modifications based on lifestyle choices and inclinations are also possible, creating a more customized and cozy living space.

Radiation wiring may require a larger initial financial outlay than traditional systems, but it can result in significant long-term energy bill savings. With this system, residents will eventually experience lower heating costs due to its design, which also aims to increase heat distribution efficiency and reduce waste. Furthermore, it is an environmentally friendly option because of the enhanced control over heating zones, which reduces wasteful heating and the building’s carbon footprint.

In terms of property value, installing radiation wiring in apartment buildings is also a forward-thinking decision. Comfort and energy efficiency are becoming more and more desirable qualities in homes for today’s renters and buyers. The integration of cutting-edge heating technologies, such as radiation wiring, can improve a property’s marketability and appeal for developers and owners.

Overall, the advantages of improved comfort, lower energy costs, and environmental sustainability make the switch to radiation wiring an appealing option for both new construction and renovations, even though it does necessitate careful planning for upfront costs and installation logistics. Apartment buildings can embrace greener practices and give residents a better quality of life by concentrating on creative heating solutions.

Video on the topic

Radiation wiring of the heating system calculation

Transition to the collector heating system in the apartment

How to make a collector heating wiring in the apartment

Calculation of the radial heating system