Plastic pipes for water supply and their types

For everyday convenience and functionality, you must make sure that your entire house has a steady supply of water. Selecting the right piping material for your plumbing system is essential to preserving the integrity of your water supply. Plastic pipes are becoming a more popular choice because of their adaptability, sturdiness, and simplicity of installation. We will explore the different types and applications of plastic water supply pipes in this article.

Various polymers, each with unique properties appropriate for particular uses, are used to make plastic pipes. Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, is a popular kind that is inexpensive and resistant to chemicals and corrosion. PVC pipes are extensively utilized in drainage systems and for cold and hot water supply lines. Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes are another well-liked option because of their flexibility and resistance to high pressure and temperatures. PEX pipes are frequently utilized in radiant floor heating systems and residential water supply lines.

There are more differences in the world of plastic pipes depending on how they are made and what their intended purpose is. PVC pipes, for example, are classified according to their thickness and pressure rating. Schedule 80 PVC pipes are used in industrial settings and subterranean installations; schedule 40 PVC pipes, with their thicker walls, are appropriate for general water distribution. Schedule 80 PVC pipes are made for higher pressure applications.

PEX pipes are also offered in different grades; these are generally classified as PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C according to their manufacturing method and material characteristics. The Engel method is used to produce PEX-A pipes, which are renowned for their exceptional flexibility and resistance to cracking. This makes them perfect for difficult installation scenarios. PEX-B pipes are frequently used in residential plumbing because of their exceptional chemical resistance and manufacturing process, which involves the Silane method. PEX-C pipes, made using the electron beam method, are economical and flexible at the same time.

Plastic pipes, no matter what kind, have a number of benefits over more conventional materials like concrete and metal. Because of their light weight, they are simpler to handle and install, which cuts down on labor expenses and construction time. Additionally resistant to corrosion, plastic pipes reduce the possibility of leaks and increase the plumbing system’s lifespan. Their smooth inner surface also encourages improved flow efficiency and lessens deposit accumulation, guaranteeing a steady supply of water with little upkeep.

To sum up, plastic pipes have completely changed the plumbing industry by providing a dependable and affordable option for water supply systems in commercial, industrial, and residential settings. Plastic pipes come in a wide variety of types and applications, giving contractors and homeowners the freedom to create and install effective plumbing systems that are customized to meet their unique requirements. You can choose the best piping material for your home by being aware of the various kinds of plastic pipes that are available and their corresponding advantages.

Types	Features
PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene)	Flexible, resistant to corrosion and chemicals, suitable for both hot and cold water
CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)	Resistant to high temperatures, suitable for hot water lines, but may become brittle over time

PVC water mains

Extrusion is the manufacturing process used to create polyvinyl chloride products. PVC plastic pipe comes with the following features:

1. long service life – up to 50 years;
2. density – 1.41 g/m 3 ;
3. ability to burn – non-combustible;
4. elongation under heating – not more than 5%;
5. Relative elongation at break – not more than 0.2%.

The PVC water pipes in the pressure version have a socket on one end to make installation easier. It has a rubber sealing ring put in it. Water pipes can be installed with your hands if you don’t need any extra tools or equipment for assembly.

Since plastic is not prone to corrosion or rotting, using water supplied by such a system is safe. Because it does not deposit any materials of either organic or inorganic origin, the surface in contact with the liquid is smooth and always remains clean, greatly extending its ultimate service life.

Their properties satisfy all hygienic standards for the conveyance of potable water. At the same time, you can construct plastic pipe networks of any complexity using the equipment with the widest range of components.

Because polyvinyl chloride pipes can withstand intense UV light, open sections of outdoor networks can be installed without the need for extra insulation.

One of the drawbacks is their low temperature resistance, which permits use in environments up to 65 degrees Celsius. This prevents them from being used in networks that contain hot liquid. Water pipes also need to be well insulated when operating at below-freezing temperatures, as low as -10 degrees Celsius.

Labeling and properties of PVC

A label with the following information is applied to the exterior surface:

• PVC material type.
• Variety of socket connection.
• Size by outer Ø and wall thickness.
• Intended use.
• Normative documentation (GOST or TU).
• Manufacturer"s name and logo.

Furthermore, the version in color is also pertinent:

• Gray or corrugated black pipes are used for laying internal networks in unpressurized or pressurized form.
• Yellow or orange colors are used for outdoor water supply or sewerage networks.
• White or blue colors of PVC pipe indicate the priority of use for casing water wells.
• Corrugated pipes have an inner surface of light gray or white color. The main area of their application is the mains of deep laying, since these plastic products are characterized by increased strength in the radial direction.

PVC pipe strength values

Three categories of polyvinyl chloride pipes are distinguished based on the qualities of their strength:

1. lightweight series, designated as "L";
2. medium series – "N";
3. heavy – "S".

Being a part of the previously mentioned category limits the use of highways with varying embedment depths.

Applying the base to a spiral-shaped frame creates reinforced PVC pipes with a spiral shape. Their use in pipeline sections with vibration loads is made possible by their design; one such instance is the network next to the pump, where it functions as a shock absorber.

GOST 51613-2000 governs production, and GOST 18599-2001 specifies the size range.

GOST 28117-89 specifies the dimensions of plastic pipes, which are a line Ø (dia.) between 5 and 630 mm with walls between 1 and 83 millimeters. Apart from their application in water supply systems, they find use in the installation of electrical networks, the conveyance of aggressive media, and as a structural foundation for the production of diverse goods.

We would like to draw attention to the fact that plastic PVC pipe should not be used for hot water supply; instead, it should only be used for cold liquid, and that it needs to be insulated when operating below 10 degrees.

Polypropylene

There are numerous varieties of polypropylene plastic pipes in use today, with differences in quality, color, purpose, and technical specifications amongst other factors.

Labeling, advantages and disadvantages

Polypropylene pipes are marked with the designation "PN" and have different consumer attributes. They come in various varieties:

1. PN 10. Designed for systems with pressure up to 10 atmospheres. In this case, the maximum permissible temperature of the circulating liquid is +45 degrees Celsius. Structurally endowed with thin walls, they do not have high strength. Therefore, their main application is in cold water pipelines with a pressure limitation.
2. PN 16. As can be seen from the labeling, they can withstand pressure up to 16 atmospheres. The permissible temperature of the liquid is +60 degrees. It can therefore be concluded that they are also only suitable for cold water supply systems. It should be noted that polypropylene is inherent in the ability of temperature deformation, which finally removes them from the list of materials for the device of hot water supply and heating networks.
3. PN 20. Easily tolerate pressure up to 20 atmospheres at a temperature of +95 degrees Celsius. Such characteristics mean that they can be used for heating and hot water supply, but with certain restrictions. High ability to thermal deformation leads to the fact that at temperatures close to the limit values individual sections may sag and sagging.
4. PN 25. Technical characteristics allow them to be used for heating without serious restrictions. The technology of manufacturing polypropylene pipes of this design involves the use of a reinforcing insert that increases performance characteristics. For this purpose, kapron fibers and aluminum foil inserts are used. In addition to giving greater strength, the fittings reduce susceptibility to deformation. This is why polypropylene pipes are widely used in systems of high-pressure heating and hot water supply networks.

For a successful installation, a variety of accessories are needed.

Experts point out several factors that set them apart favorably:

1. The life cycle of polypropylene is about 50 years. Manufacturers declare that the service life of plastic water pipes in cold water supply systems can be increased up to 100 years.
2. Chimneys are not prone to the formation of lime scale on the inner surface, and are also resistant to the effects of biological substances.
3. Carriers made of this material have properties of noise absorption. Therefore, they are used for the device of water pipelines operating under pressure, the passage of liquid through which is often accompanied by noise.
4. Having low thermal conductivity, polypropylene pipes are not covered with condensation.
5. Ease of installation. Welding is used for assembly. One acquaintance with this procedure is enough to master this simple process.
6. Pipes made of polypropylene in the process of operation do not need additional maintenance.

However, polypropylene has certain drawbacks just like any other product. For the sake of completeness, we also recommend getting acquainted with them:

1. High value of linear expansion. Therefore, systems made of polypropylene should be arranged with the use of deformation compensators.
2. Low thermal stability. In heating need additional insulation.
3. Low deformation during operation does not allow their use in the installation of complex communications without additional parts – fittings.
4. Polypropylene is unstable to the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Its use for open outdoor systems is not recommended.
5. The presence of some disadvantages in operational properties is compensated by low cost.

Plastic pipe wiring diameters of 20 or 25 millimeters can be used, depending on the system’s design features. For the riser, a 40 or 50 mm size should be used. In-house and trunk piping in the basement of a multi-story building are installed with larger Ø (dia.).

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Color marking is used in addition to the exterior text marking that specifies the size, type, and manufacturer. The colors of polypropylene pipes are as follows:

• white – used together with gray for in-house and apartment plumbing and heating installations;
• black are used for non-pressurized sewers operating without pressure;
• green polypropylene pipes are so favorable in terms of strength characteristics and price that many dacha owners simply do not look at other options.

White pipes are unique in that they don’t hold up well to low temperatures. The material starts to lose its flexibility and crystallize even at zero degrees.

Water supply from polyethylene pipes

It is a high-pressure gas made of polymerized ethylene. There are catalysts present during the process. It is notable that the mechanical properties of polyethylene exhibit an inverse relationship with the pressure during the production process. The final product’s properties decrease with increasing vessel pressure.

Trunk pipelines do not use high-pressure polyethylene plastic pipes. They can be applied to pressure communications, which results in thicker walls and higher product costs. Conversely, HDPE pipes are effectively utilized on trunk pipelines for gas and liquid applications.

Cross-linked polyethylene

The molecules are long chains that start to create cross-links with one another as the pressure inside the chamber rises even higher. This leads to a notable increase in mechanical properties through the formation of a grid-like spatial structure.

The end product is a material that can tolerate temperatures as high as 95 degrees, allowing them to be used for hot water supply. In contrast, HDPE plastic pipe is only stable at 45 degrees, making it appropriate for the transportation of cold liquids only.

Reinforced pipes are made to further improve mechanical properties. As a layer of reinforcement, fiberglass threads are employed. These pipes are utilized in particularly important areas or are already suitable for the high-pressure transportation of liquefied gas.

GOST 18599-2002 is the primary regulatory document used in the manufacture of polyethylene pipes.

Marking

The following details are included in the marking, which is applied to the exterior:

• polyethylene grade;
• dimension ratio value (ratio Ø (dia.) to wall thickness – sdr);
• indication of nominal Ø (dia.);
• wall thickness;
• For the purpose of potable or technical liquids;
• designation of the technical document used in production (GOST or TU).

Metal polymers

Traditional metal pipes are gradually being replaced by polymer-based pipes as the process of producing materials improves. Products of combined construction with five layers make up one of the obvious and successful competitors for water pipelines.

Cross-linked polyethylene, often under the PEX brand, makes up the inner working layer and has a high strength. The aluminum reinforcing layer is fixed to it with an adhesive layer. A 0.2 to 0.5 millimeter thick strip of this metal is used for it.

The joints are laser welded during the spiral coiling process. Consequently, a robust aluminum tube is created. It is covered with a second layer of adhesive.

The same brand of cross-linked polyethylene is also used to make the exterior. The automated machinery and manufacturing technology in use enable the production of such products in coils as long as 600 meters. They are simple to dispense for both the seller and the buyer thanks to the centimeter scale that is applied to the outside surface.

Special tools are also produced by manufacturers for their installation and cutting. Furthermore, they have produced an entire range of fittings that enable the creation of networks in any complexity level. Additionally, a variety of adapters are offered for use with pipes composed of different materials.

For plumbing in private homes, plastic pipes and their accessories are practically perfect.

Pros and cons

The following characteristics are among the benefits of metal plastic:

1. Ability to retain its shape after deforming influences, which greatly simplifies installation.
2. Ability to carry loads up to 10 bar at temperatures up to 95 degrees Celsius. Т.е. These plastic pipes are ideal for hot water pipes.
3. Adapted for drinking water.
4. Complete impermeability to any gases.
5. Resistance to the formation of biological or lime deposits on internal walls.
6. High quality of the inner surface, which ensures the passage of liquid with minimum hydraulic losses. This allows the use of pipes of smaller bore Ø (dia.).
7. Reduced thermal conductivity, preventing condensation on the outer surface of the pipe.
8. Elasticity, preventing damage to the system from hydraulic shocks.
9. High durability if the installation rules are followed.
10. Accelerated and simple installation, due to the use of a wide range of fittings.

The properties of two components—aluminum and cross-linked polyethylene—are successfully combined to provide all the benefits of metal-plastic pipes. Because the finished product is relatively inexpensive, it can be used to produce high-quality equipment.

But since there can be no good without bad, some drawbacks exist:

• High coefficient of thermal linear expansion and low resistance to temperature fluctuations reduce the service life of heating and water supply mains.
• In DHW systems it is necessary to use U-shaped expansion joints.
• The need to arrange sliding mounts during installation, providing linear displacement.
• The use of special tools for the device of press connections.

Only products from well-known brands are certified in Russia, and for the following products, the seller must produce all certificates:

• Gosstandart conformity confirmations;
• hygienic certificate;
• certificate confirming fire safety.

Plastic pipe-rolling materials for hot water supply and heating must also have verification that they meet oxygen protection regulations, in addition to the items mentioned above. This gas’s penetration into the coolant causes faster corrosion, which results in an early heating failure.

If any of these documents are missing, it could mean that the product is fake in addition to not meeting the requirements.

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Marking of metal-plastic pipes

Products made of metal and plastic are marked in the same way as other plastic pipes, which includes marking coils with a dimensional scale.

Several regulatory documents must be fulfilled during production, the primary one being GOST 18599-2002.

The primary diameters of plastic pipes used for the water supply in apartments or private homes are 20 or 25 mm, while the riser has a diameter of 40–50 mm.

Features of application of metal-polymer pipe products

Products made from this material are used in the following fields:

• High-pressure polyethylene pipes are most often used in non-pressure sewerage and drainage systems. Connections are made in a socket with a collar.
• The second typical application is the protection of power grids from moisture and mechanical damage. Connection is made by butt welding or installation of heat shrinkable sleeve.
• Installation of such products in the ground is carried out below the depth of its freezing. There is no need to install trays, as the flexible pipe can easily withstand ground movement.
• Cross-linked polyethylene pipes can be used for water underfloor heating. In this case, the tightness of the joints is provided by a movable sleeve, which allows you to take for this purpose not only a solid pipe.

When it comes to heating and insulating your home, it"s crucial to understand the importance of efficiency and sustainability. Properly heating and insulating your house not only ensures your comfort but also reduces energy costs and minimizes environmental impact. By using high-quality materials and implementing effective techniques, you can create a cozy and eco-friendly living space while saving money in the long run. From choosing the right insulation to optimizing your heating system, every step counts toward achieving a more sustainable home environment.As for plastic pipes for water supply and their types, it"s essential to know the different options available and their respective benefits. Plastic pipes have become increasingly popular due to their durability, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion. There are several types of plastic pipes commonly used in water supply systems, including PVC, CPVC, PEX, and PB pipes. Each type has its unique characteristics and suitability for specific applications. Understanding the differences between these types can help homeowners make informed decisions when installing or repairing their water supply systems. Whether it"s for residential or commercial use, choosing the right plastic pipe ensures reliable water distribution and long-term functionality.

Prices and sizes of different types of pipes

Let’s now examine the price ranges and ideal dimensions for different kinds of pipe-rolling materials.

PVC

The finished products that range in thickness from 1.4 cm to 1 m are offered by manufacturers. The range of length is 0.56 to 6 meters.

The parameters and application determine the cost. Considering the average price indicators, the least expensive option will come with a price tag of roughly 100 rubles. pipes measuring 10–15 cm in diameter and 300 cm in length will set you back 500 rubles. The priciest 6 meter products are more than twice as expensive per unit.

Polypropylene

The standard range for outer diameter indicators is 20 mm to 12.5 cm. The range of wall thicknesses is 2.3 to 20.8 mm. One-meter or one hundred-meter coils can be purchased all at once.

A twenty-millimeter-wide running meter of pipe can cost forty rubles. The cost of reinforced analog is 15–30 rubles more. Ten times as much will be spent on a reinforced version with a thickness of 25 mm and a length of 4 m.

Polyethylene

GOST states that the external Ø (dia.) can be anywhere between 0.1 and 120 cm. There is a range of 0.2 to 6 cm in wall thickness. The bay is a thousand meters long.

Depending on the diameter, the price per linear meter ranges from 20 to 350 rubles.

Cross-linked polyethylene (REH)

The external diameter is between 1.6 and 3.2 cm. Wall thickness: between 2.2 and 4.4 mm. sold in 100-meter coils.

A pipe with an oxygen layer that is 100 meters long and 16 mm wide costs roughly 6500 rubles. A comparable item with a 20 mm diameter will set you back 11,000 rubles.

Low pressure polyethylene (HDPE)

The value falls between 10 and 160 mm with respect to the outer diameter. There is a 2 mm minimum wall thickness. Regarding the length, you can purchase coils ranging from 100 to 500 meters or ready-made sections ranging from 3 to 12 meters.

The cost of a pipe with a 20 mm diameter per running meter is approximately 22 rubles. A 100-meter coil will cost 6500 rubles if the 4 cm cold water supply option is taken into consideration.

Metalloplastic

Indicators for the final product’s outer diameter range from 1.6 to 5 cm. The range of wall thickness is 2-4 mm. available in coils ranging from 20 to 200 meters.

The price per linear meter. 2 cm costs 55 rubles, while 1.6% costs 21 rubles.

Selecting the appropriate plumbing for your house’s water supply is essential to guaranteeing a dependable and effective system. Plastic pipes are becoming a more popular option because of their affordability, adaptability, and durability. The different kinds of plastic pipes that are frequently utilized in water supply systems have all been discussed in this article; each has advantages and special qualities of its own.

First off, a lot of people use PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes to supply hot and cold water. Their longevity is guaranteed by their resistance to corrosion, and their smooth surface aids in maintaining water pressure and flow. PVC pipes are a popular choice among homeowners because they are lightweight and simple to install.

Furthermore, because they are made especially to withstand higher temperatures, CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) pipes are perfect for hot water distribution. When compared to regular PVC pipes, CPVC pipes with added chlorine offer greater heat resistance, guaranteeing dependable operation in hot water systems.

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes are becoming more and more popular because of how flexible and simple they are to install. Because of their capacity to expand and contract, they are resistant to freezing, which lowers the possibility of pipes bursting in cold climates. PEX pipes are a sturdy option for both residential and commercial applications since they are resistant to corrosion and can tolerate high water pressure.

Finally, the strength and longevity of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) pipes are well-known. Water supply, drainage, and irrigation are just a few of the many uses for HDPE pipes, which are resistant to abrasion and chemicals. Not only are they easy to transport and install due to their lightweight construction and flexibility, but their long lifespan guarantees years of dependable performance.

In conclusion, it’s critical to take expense, durability, ease of installation, and temperature requirements into account when choosing plastic pipes for your home’s water supply system. Knowing the features of various plastic pipe kinds will help you choose one that best suits your requirements and guarantee a dependable and effective water supply for many years to come.