Open and closed heating system: what is the difference

It’s essential to understand your heating system if you want to keep your house warm and comfortable during the winter. Open and closed systems are the two most common types of heating systems; each has benefits and things to keep in mind of its own. Let’s examine what makes them unique and how they keep your house cozy.

Often called an "open-vented" or "conventional" system, an open heating system gets its water from a header tank that is situated in the attic or loft. After being heated in a boiler, this water is distributed throughout the house via underfloor or radiator heating. The water returns to the boiler to be reheated after it has circulated. An open system’s primary feature is its reliance on the water’s inherent ability to expand and contract as it heats and cools.

On the other hand, no header tank is required for the operation of a closed heating system, also referred to as a "sealed" or "pressurized" system. Rather, a sealed loop of heated water is pumped throughout the house via a boiler. By using a filling loop, expansion vessel, and pressure relief valve to keep the pressure constant, this closed-loop system does just that. Closed systems, in contrast to open systems, do not rely on gravity to circulate water, giving installers and radiator and boiler placement more latitude.

The vulnerability of open and closed heating systems to problems like air infiltration and corrosion is one of their primary distinctions. Over time, oxygen in the water in open systems can cause corrosion, especially in the radiators and pipes. Open systems are also more likely to experience airlocks, which can impede water flow and lower heating efficiency. Conversely, because closed systems are sealed, oxygen cannot enter or circulate within them, making them less vulnerable to corrosion and air infiltration.

Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each heating system type is crucial when deciding which is ideal for your house. Open systems are a popular option for older properties with header tanks because they are typically easier and less expensive to install. However, in order to avoid problems like corrosion and airlocks, they need routine maintenance. Closed systems are more dependable and efficient, which makes them ideal for contemporary homes that value flexibility and space.

In conclusion, the decision between an open and closed heating system is influenced by a number of variables, such as your budget, maintenance preferences, and the age and design of your house. You can choose wisely to guarantee that your house remains warm and cozy all year long by being aware of the distinctions between these two systems.

Open Heating System	Closed Heating System
Uses water from the main water supply, heated directly by the boiler.	Uses a separate loop of water, heated by the boiler and circulated through pipes.
Water continuously replenished from the mains.	Water stays within the closed loop, recirculated.
Vulnerable to contamination and scaling due to exposure to oxygen and minerals.	Less susceptible to contamination and scaling, as water is contained within the closed loop.
Simple design and lower installation cost.	More complex setup and higher installation cost.

How closed water heating works

Total isolation from external influences is the primary characteristic of such systems, which lack an open scheme. The closed heating system, which you can assemble yourself, consists of the following components:

• boiler;
• automatic air valve;
• thermostatic valve;
• heating radiators;
• expansion tank;
• balancing valve;
• Ball valve;
• pump and filter;
• manometer;
• safety valve.

A pump is used to ensure that the coolant circulates effectively (natural circulation can occur in an open system). True, there is a drawback as well: the closed system cannot operate normally in the absence of an electricity supply (0Ts of electricity for a country private house is a very urgent problem). However, there are more benefits to using the "pump" than drawbacks. For example, installing more heating systems in an apartment or private home is feasible. Specifically, you can create a heated floor.

In front of the heating boiler, on the reverse pipe, or "return," is where the circulation pump is mounted. The expansion tank is installed right away. We are able to relate to the pipe diameter used during installation and compliance with the slope, which requires open water heating, thanks to the arrangement of these crucial components.

Because the expansion tank is positioned next to the boiler, there is consequently less waste of time and materials during the installation of such a heating system (for instance, the pipeline no longer needs to be insulated). It is not worth it to "abuse" such advantages, though. This is particularly true for the slope (it is preferable to do it); when it is observed, the system will function even in the event that the electricity is disconnected, i.e., defrosting does not endanger her.

You can see a thorough demonstration of how to set up a closed heating system using electric boilers and solid fuel in the video below.

An enclosed heating system is sealed off from outside air. Its operation does not, however, guarantee 100% tightness because, for example, air may fill the pipes during coolant system additions. He will accumulate at the higher points in this scenario. It can be removed with a Maevsky crane or by using float bouncers that are powered by the "machine." Special separators installed directly in the pipeline are used to remove the air that has already dissolved in the water.

Closed heating system – advantages and disadvantages

Compared to its prior tightness and lack of air in the system, the heating closed scheme is different. Since the pump ensures that the liquid moves through the pipes and the hermeted expansion reservoir’s membrane alternates to compensate for the expansion of the water during heating, the system itself can be any combination of one or two pipes with risers positioned vertically or horizontally. The installation of the circuit can be completed quickly and easily with forced circulation of water or antifreeze because the rotation and slope of the pipes don’t need to be monitored, and they can have diameters that differ from the calculated values.

Furthermore, the two solutions differ in that the open heating system is ineffective in multi-story buildings because of a significant pressure differential between the wiring’s bottom and top, which can reach 1-2 atm. The collector, the control, and the control system will all function flawlessly in the same high-rise buildings when there is a closed scheme with one or more pumps.

Nevertheless, after creating a closed plan, one must remember some of its drawbacks:

1. Energy dependence of the pump and automation;
2. Complex installation for two or more floors of the house;

1. The coolant does not evaporate in the closed open -type heating circuit, so the system can work on non -freezing;
2. The entire wiring or most of it can be hidden in the walls or in the floor;
3. The tilt of the pipes and the angle of rotation should not be observed, since the pump will push the coolant according to any circuit;
4. Low inertia of heat transfer and a high heat transfer coefficient of all components and elements;
5. The lack of air in the pipes inhibits the appearance of rust on the internal walls of the products.

Myth 1: Classification of the type of expansion tank

Heating systems that use a closed (membrane) expansion tank are referred to as closed systems.

Systems that have an open expansion tank are referred to as open systems.

The purpose of the expansion tank is to hold onto extra coolant during expansion, as the liquid’s volume increases with temperature.

In the absence of devices that remove excess coolant, the system’s pressure rises, which can occasionally have tragic results like a pipeline rush and a breakdown of the shut-off-regulating reinforcing.

The open expansion tank (rice.1) has a relationship with air and is not completely airtight. mostly utilized in private homes’ gravitational heating systems. Owing to the temperature differential in these systems, the liquid moves around without the need of a pump.

Rice.1. The gravitational heating system’s open expansion tank

The rice.2 closed (membrane) expansion tank is a metal container that is sealed and separated into two chambers by an elastic membrane. Thus, the term "membrane."

2. Rice. The heating system’s closed (membrane) expansion tank

Myth 2: By type of connection of the building to heating networks

The heating systems that are connected to external heating networks via heat exchangers are referred to as closed systems in this context. That is, the name "Closed" refers to the fact that the consumer heating system is not connected to any outside networks.

As rice (2003) correctly points out, this kind of connection is known as independent.

Rice.3. The heating system’s autonomous connection to heating networks

Heat is produced by the coolant from the source (CHP) flowing through the heat exchanger with this connection.

It becomes obvious what kind of heat exchanger devices are appropriate when designing the entire heating system, for instance, in an apartment building: leather-pipe, leather-plated, or you need to purchase a plate heat exchanger.

The heat exchanger is situated in the building’s individual heat station (ITP).

These days, the antiquated dependent connection is replaced by this kind of one.

Open systems are those that have an elevator or are directly connected to heating networks. In order to lower the temperature, the coolant first travels through the elevator before arriving at the final consumer from external heating networks.

Since burns from radiators and pipelines are possible, hot coolant that is supplied to heating networks at temperatures between 110 and 150 °C cannot be used in heating systems.

The elevator does more than just reduce the coolant’s temperature; it also generates the pressure required for the coolant to flow through the intra-house system (rice.4).

Rice.4 Dependent connection diagram for the heating system

Dependent on this connection, it will be called correctly.

Types of pipe wiring

Pipeline wiring is a significant factor in heating installation. It depends on the location of the falling pipe, where the risers are installed, and how they are connected to the radiators.

Installation needs to be left to the experts.

There are various kinds of wiring used:

1. One -pipe heating scheme is simple and cheap. Its installation is easy and will not require large costs. All radiators are connected sequentially to one pipe passing at the floor level. Passing the whole circle, the liquid gradually gives heat, and then returns to the boiler. The disadvantages of such wiring are the impossibility of adjusting the temperature on each battery separately and in the uneven heating.
2. Two -pipe is most often used. Its essence is that the radiators are connected in parallel. One pipe located on top of the boiler is received from the boiler, and the back of the lower pipe takes it back. Such wiring allows you to change the temperature of the battery, but the consumption of materials doubles.
3. Leningrad is a modernized one -pipe wiring. All radiators are connected in parallel to one main pipe. Such a scheme allows you to adjust the heating of individual batteries or completely turn off them from the system. Material consumption is only slightly higher than that of the classic one -pipe.

The safest and most affordable heating system is explained in this video:

About expansion tanks

Naturally, the expansion tank should enable you to securely store extra water that condenses due to thermal expansion in the heating system. He needs to have enough volume for this to happen.

The open expansion tank should, if possible, have a narrow throat. It should be closed by a lid in which there are small holes. It is better to protect them somehow from dust, from flies and from all that. It is better to make a plastic lid so that the growths of rust do not form on the holes. But still, you have to regularly ensure that the holes are clean and freely released and let in the air. The tank should be large enough so that when the water is cooling, it does not come out of the tank completely, because in this case air will be allowed into the system, which will clog the system and water circulation will stop.

Closed tanks need care as well, but far less. It should, first and foremost, be adequate. Secondly, the air pressure inside it needs to be checked. You should replace the nipple if the tank needs to pump too frequently. I suggest replacing the nipple exactly as it was because a nipple that is too long may pierce the membrane.

What precise dimensions should the tank have then? Hard to say. I’ve used up all 25 liters of my tank. I believe the system contains between 100 and 150 liters of water. The system’s pressure rises by 0.2–0.3 atmospheres as it gets hotter. However, I manage this pressure in some way, so my temperature hardly changes. After heating the system, an open tank can be created with more water than is needed and filled up until the excess starts to flow through the emergency drain pipe.

Why the tank is hung upside down?The membrane expansion tank in closed heating systems is profitable to hang up the water exit. This is done so that the air does not linger in it. Bubbles in a closed heating system can walk for quite some time, create specific sounds and assemble in some places, blocking the circulation of the coolant. In order for this process to go faster, expansion tanks are hung and hang. This, as they say, is a "good" idea.
Expande tank of the heating system. Placement is baconless to put a membrane expansion tank on the return? Or, nevertheless, anywhere? I insist. Anywhere. But if you really want to put yourself restrictions on this kind, then put on the return. I do not see any advantages with the feeding line with the feeding line. Yes. The temperature supplies. so what? It seems to me that the temperature difference is not a reason to limit itself in convenience. I have both a motor and a tank on the feeding highway for 15 years and I have never spared about it. Both the device is designed for a temperature of 110 degrees. I have no more than 75. Above 90 boilers will not heat up. There is an emergency thermal switch.

What is the fuel in the closed system for

A closed heating system must maintain its working pressure continuously in order to function effectively. Even though the system is sealed, there are small leaks that are not immediately noticeable. When air is extracted via the Maevsky crane, seeps through the circulation pump’s lashes, and passes through different contour joints, water from the system is lost. These losses are totaled and eventually have an impact on the system’s performance. A closed heating system from the water line is required to make up for these losses.

Manual or automatic

The typical application of a mechanical control crane is for small and basic heating systems. It is mounted in front of the circulation pump, at the point where pressure is the lowest. A manometer is now installed to keep an eye on the process of recharging.

A bubble valve is used to prevent coolant from entering the water line.

Feed valve pricing varies based on manufacturer brand in large, intricate systems where automatic folking of the heating system is implemented. Automatic recharge valves can occasionally be found in boiler equipment. Everything proceeds fairly easily if the feed is obtained from the water supply, which typically has a pressure of three to four bar. 1.5 bars are the factory valve settings.

The valve will open and remain open until the set pressure is reached if the heating system’s pressure drops below 1.5 bar. In the event that the automatic feeding system utilizes coolant from external sources, a pump is required to activate the valve’s signal and provide the coolant to the heating system at a specific pressure.

When it comes to heating your home efficiently, understanding the difference between open and closed heating systems is crucial. In an open system, water from the heating circuit mixes with the water from the domestic supply, while in a closed system, the heating circuit water remains separate. This simple difference has significant implications for maintenance, efficiency, and safety. Closed systems tend to be more efficient and require less maintenance since they don"t expose the heating water to external contaminants. However, open systems can be easier to install and may be suitable for certain situations. Choosing the right system depends on factors like budget, space, and the specific needs of your home. By understanding these differences, you can make an informed decision that keeps your home cozy and energy-efficient year-round.

Which option is better?

It is important to take into account the differences between open and closed heat supply system designs in order to determine which is preferable.

A closed structure differs from an open structure primarily in where the expansion capacity is located. It needs to be positioned at the top of the open structure at home. On the other hand, the tank in a closed structure can be placed anywhere, even level with the boiler.

It is possible to avoid entering the air masses when using a closed-type heat supply from the surroundings. As a result, every piece of equipment has a far longer service life. Further pressure is generated in the upper nodes of the structure as well, lowering the possibility of air plugs forming in heating elements.

Larger diameter pipes are a defining characteristic of the open type of heating, and they cause extra inconvenience. In order to provide circulation, the pipes must be installed at a significant angle at the same time. It’s not always possible to conceal thick-walled pipes. Furthermore, consideration must be given to the inclinations, rise, narrowing, turning, and radiator connection options in order to guarantee proper hydraulics.

Pipes with a smaller circle are required for a closed structure. As a result, the design is less expensive. But in these kinds of systems, it is crucial to ensure that the pump is installed correctly; if not, the system will become extremely noisy.

In contrast to open heating, closed heating is more dependable and long-lasting. In addition, he has the ability to control the pressure and keep it at a consistent level. This design allows antifreeze instead of water as the coolant. Another trait of a closed heat supply is its ease of installation and speedy start-up.

The excitement has several benefits, one of which is the ability to connect extra equipment. This kind of heating is unique in that it requires no continuous control and has extremely high efficiency.

Of course, there are other distinctions with the closed type that outweigh its benefits. For instance, the tank’s volume should be substantial and the power grid should be present. It is possible for a closed structure to function with external power, but only in extreme circumstances and for brief periods of time.

The installation scheme for open design is simpler. It heats up faster and operates more silently than a closed system. It is possible to quickly stop any malfunctions in it and completely shut it down. She doesn’t require a power grid or a backup battery in an emergency. The scheme doesn’t need to be installed with a lot of money or effort.

It is imperative that water be continuously added to the exposed structure; otherwise, an accident could happen. These systems are limited to using water, which evaporates at a slow rate.

Because the open type of heating allows air to enter, it can cause a number of issues, such as rust and air congestion. Such a system can measure or boil in contrast to a closed type.

There is a huge difference between the systems. You can only determine which one is superior on an individual basis. To achieve this, it is important to highlight each system’s primary benefits and drawbacks once more.

Although the closed design uses less energy and provides high-quality water, the process of making this water is more difficult and expensive.

The open design uses very little resources. But because of the lengthy pipelines, the water there is of poor quality. A system of that kind will be debased if you attempt to purify the water to have the best possible color and fragrance.

Clarification on the issue of pressure in the described heating systems

That creates water pressure? Usually this pressure creates a water column. If we have a pipe, one end of which is 10 meters above the other end, then at the lower end we will get pressure equal to the 1st atmosphere. Nothing depends on the diameter of the pipe. Nothing depends on the mass of water at the high end. You can place a railway tank there, and the pressure will always correspond to the difference in water levels. The tank, by the way, is quite high. In a fully filled tank, the water level adds pressure, but as the water from the tank comes from the tank, the pressure will decrease. The issue of pressure and its measurement was affected by me for a very long time, but in binding to the water supply .

In our heating system, in anyone, there is also a difference in fluid levels, which means there is also the pressure of this liquid. At the lowest point of the open system, the pressure will be as much as possible, in the highest, in the expansion tank, it will be minimal. For example, the boiler is located in the basement. The expansion tank is located in the attic of the second floor. Thus, in a fully filled heating system, the height of the column will be equal to the distance from the lower point of the pillar to the upper point of the expansion tank. I dare to assume that this is about 8 meters. Thus, our open heating system works at a pressure of 0.8 atmospheres.

The pressure in the open heating system is constant. Water in excess does not rise above a particular point. There’s an emergency drain here. Water does not combine in a closed system, and as it expands, pressure rises. We have a special device that keeps the system from breaking this very pressure. A membrane expansion tank is what it’s known as. Its membrane is made of rubber. She has water on the other hand and air on the first. When water enters the tank, the air is compressed. The system’s water pressure steadily rises.

And in the event that the expansion membrane tank is overfilled with water, what will happen? The system may collapse due to the increasing avalanche pressure. In order to stop this from happening, the system needs an emergency valve. If you haven’t set up a bucket underneath this valve, the water will flow from it to the floor when the emergency valve opens under safe pressure.

Closed heating system: differences from open.

Diagram of a closed heating system

The following components are present in this network:

• Coolant
• Air -flowing valve The scheme of the air vent
• Thermostatic valve
• Heating devices (batteries, warm floor, etc.D.)
• Pipes
• Closed extensor tank, that is, sealed from the environment Expansion tank of a closed heating system
• Balancing valve
• Ball valve
• Manometer
• Connecting elements

The coolant in a closed heat supply system is totally sealed off from the outside world, which is the primary distinction between an open and closed heat supply system.

Pump for circulation in a sealed heating system

This system has a pump installed to help with fluid circulation. Numerous drawbacks of an open heat supply are not included in such a plan.

Which heating system is better for the home: closed or open?

Unknown inventors of the water heating system undoubtedly came up with a brilliant solution that makes use of the way heat changes the physical characteristics of water. A specific pressure is created when the heated water in the boiler rises (pressure).

Under its influence, water flows through the circuit’s pipes due to gravity, heats the radiators, and, based on the "return," returns to the boiler. Of course, the first heating system to function was open.

Closed heating schemes were developed following the introduction of new materials, technologies, and equipment; however, disagreements persist regarding the superiority of open versus closed heating systems for residential heating.

Criteria for choosing a heating system

There are just two options available: a house’s closed or open heating system. Has anyone considered the reason behind the initial systems’ open design? And they were open for the sole purpose of using solid fuel in boilers to heat water.

The water in the boiler boils when the circulation is stopped, preventing the safety valve from opening, but it quickly becomes impossible to put out.

Because gas and electric boilers can be turned off automatically at any time, closed heating systems with forced circulation started to be used.

Open heating system

Open heating systems, which are found in small private homes and rustic cottages, are now regarded as antiquated. To guarantee circulation under the effect of gravity in this situation, we must install an expansion tank in an open heating system at the highest point of the accelerated manifold.

The circulation pump, the most crucial component of the closed system, is borrowed by the modern open scheme of the heating system. In order to lessen the system’s inertia, it is typically used to start it.

The bypass then opens when the pump shuts off during operation. Knowing where to install the pump in the heating system is essential to its dependable and long-lasting operation.

Usually in the "return" close to the boiler, the pump is positioned where the coolant temperature is the lowest.

Because water in an open expansion tank is constantly in contact with atmospheric air, the system is referred to as "open."

The open system is inexpensive, easy to use, and dependable. There is a misconception that installing such a system costs more money since a bigger diameter is needed.

The installation will undoubtedly not be less expensive if we account for the closed heating system, the cost of an expansion membrane tank, a circulation pump, and electricity.

There may not always be a substitute for using the open heating system. For instance, when there is no power source.

The primary benefits of systems with open heating are:

1. Extreme simplicity for installation and maintenance;
2. noiselessness;
3. energy dependence;
4. reliability of working with boilers of any type;
5. relatively low costs for the purchase of equipment, pipes and reinforcement.

Naturally, a straightforward and dependable open heating system typically consists of two pipes and is not perfect:

• The evaporation of fluid in the expansion tank makes it impossible to use antifreeze, it is necessary to monitor the level of water in the tank;
• a large inertiality of the system, a circulation pump and bypass is installed to eliminate this deficiency;
• For complex circuits of multi-storey buildings with warm floors, the system is not suitable due to the large hydraulic resistance of such heating systems.

Commissioning a closed heating system

The system needs to be tested and filled with water once the installation is finished. There are guidelines that must be followed when initially filling the closed heating system. The heating circuit project should include taps to replenish the system with water and drainage cranes positioned at the system’s lowest point.

When coolant is added to the circuit, the following steps should be followed in order:

• Maevsky’s taps on the radiators and the drain taps of the heating system are closed;
• The taps of the boiler on the lining of the feed and return (if any in stock) should be open;
• The hose from the water supply is connected to the filling cranes for supplying water to the system, the pressure in the system is controlled by the manometer and, upon reaching 1.5 – 2 bar, the supply of cold water stops;
• removal of air from devices using the Maevsky crane until water appeared at the yield of the crane;
• The pressure in the system after removing the air from the devices will slightly decrease, so the crane opens and water is supplied to the system, lifting the pressure to 1.5 bar, the cold water tap is closed and the air is removed (air removal should be very thorough, because air plugs in the heating system violates the circulation and create noise in batteries, so the operation is repeated several times);
• After filling the closed system by the coolant and the complete removal of air, we start and the heating system is checked in the operation.

If leaks show up during the filling process, the system must be stopped and the issues that have arisen must be addressed. Once the work’s flaws have been eliminated, you can proceed.

Air is present in the system if, despite performing all of the aforementioned procedures, the system performs poorly, some batteries are not properly warmed up, and circulation is disrupted.

In these situations, a heating system is created, which entails removing air completely. When the Maevsky Crane opens, some water is also removed along with air.

Simultaneously, it is recommended to open the water supply feed and increase the pressure within the heating system. Repeating the process usually results in the contour’s air bubbles being completely removed.

What is the fuel in the closed system for

A closed heating system must maintain its working pressure continuously in order to function effectively. Even though the system is sealed, there are small leaks that are not immediately noticeable.

When air is extracted via the Maevsky crane, seeps through the circulation pump’s lashes, and passes through different contour joints, water from the system is lost. These losses are totaled and eventually have an impact on the system’s performance.

A closed heating system from the water line is required to make up for these losses.

Manual or automatic

The typical application of a mechanical control crane is for small and basic heating systems. It is mounted in front of the circulation pump, at the point where pressure is the lowest. A manometer is now installed to keep an eye on the process of recharging.

A bubble valve is used to prevent coolant from entering the water line.

Feed valve pricing varies based on manufacturer brand in large, intricate systems where automatic folking of the heating system is implemented. Automatic recharge valves can occasionally be found in boiler equipment. Everything proceeds fairly easily if the feed is obtained from the water supply, which typically has a pressure of three to four bar. 1.5 bars are the factory valve settings.

The valve will open and remain open until the set pressure is reached if the heating system’s pressure drops below 1.5 bar. In the event that the automatic feeding system utilizes coolant from external sources, a pump is required to activate the valve’s signal and provide the coolant to the heating system at a specific pressure.

Automatic temperature control

How to automate and select the best mode for the home’s surroundings, particularly in an apartment or a private country home where occupants are frequently absent?

To put it simply, you need to purchase a controller for your heating system. This device lets you set and remember the home’s temperature.

Make sure the boiler has the right control unit installed before purchasing a heating controller. Speak with experts is the best course of action.

Using radiation (collector) wiring yields one of the best automation options. The multichannel controller control unit is in charge of the special valves that are mounted on the comb. A signal to turn on the boiler is sent out by the same control unit.

Every room has its own thermostat, which is set to a particular temperature.

The radial heating system’s multi-channel controller analyzes data from thermostats and, upon detecting a drop in temperature in any room, activates the boiler and opens the comb valve for that particular room.

In any event, the boiler will operate until every room’s temperature reaches the set point.

There is no clear winner when it comes to heating systems: closed or open. A system’s use is determined by a variety of factors, including the house’s size and number of stories, location, financial resources available, and geographic area. You can only select a home heating system that will offer comfort and warmth at the lowest possible installation and operating costs by using a reasonable approach.

What are the differences and advantages of open and closed systems

Both closed- and open-type heating systems are used to heat homes. A closed heating system, in the opinion of many experts, offers more benefits than an open heating system. Is that truly the case? Let’s attempt to solve it.

The open-type heating system has a number of disadvantages that we will discuss later, but it also has the unquestionable benefit of not requiring electricity. The only benefit of the open heating system that can make up for all of its drawbacks is the annual increase in electricity costs and the frequent occurrence of issues with the supply of electricity to our homes.

It follows that many homes continue to install basic, inexpensive open heating systems in spite of the benefits of closed systems. Of course, there are a lot of drawbacks to using this technique to heat the space.

The home’s heating

Features of the difference in the functioning of a closed scheme and open are as follows:

• The expansion of the fluid occurring as a result of its heating in the boiler is compensated in the membrane expansion reservoir. After the coolant entering the tank has cooled, he returns to the system again. Thus, it maintains constant pressure.
• The creation of the required pressure occurs at the stage of installing the heating circuit.
• Fluid circulation is carried out only using the pump. As a result of this, the closed circuit entirely depends on the availability of electricity (in addition to connecting an autonomous generator).
• The presence of a circulation pump does not impose strict frames on the diameter of the pipes used. In addition, the pipeline does not have to be located with a slope. The main condition is the location of the pump on the “return”, so that the chilled coolant enters it.
• The absence of a bias of pipes can play a negative role. After all, even with a small slope, the system will function without electricity. And with a horizontal location of the pipes, this system does not work. This minus of the closed scheme overlaps its high efficiency and other advantages.
• The installation of this network is simple and can be used for any premises, regardless of their area. In addition, insulation of the highway is not required, since the pipes heat up very quickly.
• In a closed type, it is possible to use antifreeze as a coolant, instead of water. Also, this scheme is less corroded, due to its tightness.
• Despite the closeness of the system from the environment, its tightness may be disturbed. This can happen in places of joints of the circuit, or at the stage of filling it with a coolant. Particularly critical are the places of pipe bends and upper points. In order to get rid of air plugs, the network is equipped with a special. valves and cranes of Maevsky. If aluminum heating devices in the diagram, air discharge is required (when aluminum and coolant contact, oxygen is released). Air vent in a closed and open heating system

When launching a closed system, you should also follow a few installation guidelines:

• The coolant must move in the same direction as the air. That is, from the bottom up.
• After turning on the system, open the taps that divert the air and close the taps lowering the water.
• As soon as water goes from the tap of air of the air – block it.
• Only after all of the above, launch a circulation pump.

For homeowners who want to maximize the insulation and heating in their homes, it is essential to comprehend the differences between open and closed heating systems. With an open heating system, water is replenished from a header tank in the loft and circulated through radiators before returning to the central heating boiler. In contrast, a header tank is not necessary in a closed heating system because water constantly returns to the boiler through a closed loop.

The susceptibility of these systems to corrosion and contamination is one of their main distinctions. Open systems are more vulnerable to air and debris contamination, which over time can cause corrosion and inefficiency. Closed systems, on the other hand, are isolated from outside impurities and have cleaner water circulation and a lower chance of corrosion, which lengthens their lifespan and improves their efficiency.

Furthermore, in order to maintain appropriate water levels in the header tank and to handle any problems with air pockets or debris accumulation, open systems need to be regularly inspected and maintained. This upkeep can take a long time and might call for expert help. On the other hand, because closed systems function in a sealed loop, reducing the possibility of outside contamination and air pockets, they usually require less maintenance.

The cost and complexity of each system’s installation should also be taken into account. Open systems frequently need extra parts, like header tanks and overflow pipes, which drives up the cost and duration of installation. Due to the requirement for expansion tanks and pressure vessels, closed systems may be more expensive to install initially but may save money over time by requiring less maintenance and operating more efficiently.

In conclusion, a variety of factors, such as budget, maintenance preferences, and long-term efficiency goals, influence the decision between an open and closed heating system. Open systems need more maintenance and are more prone to corrosion and contamination, even though they may be easier and less expensive to install at first. Closed systems are a viable long-term investment for homeowners looking to achieve the best possible heating and insulation for their homes, even though they are more expensive initially. They also require less maintenance and are more efficient.

Video on the topic

The safest and most economical heating system!

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