Myths about the health hazards of rock wool

For many years, homeowners wishing to increase the energy efficiency of their homes have turned to rock wool insulation. However, there are still a lot of false beliefs about the health risks connected to rock wool, even with its widespread use. We hope to dispel some common misconceptions and provide readers a better knowledge of the safety of rock wool insulation in this post.

One of the most pervasive myths regarding rock wool is that because of its composition, it poses serious health risks. Some people think that breathing in the fibers of rock wool can irritate the respiratory system and cause problems. Nonetheless, a number of studies have demonstrated that occupants are not at serious risk for health issues when rock wool insulation is installed and maintained correctly.

Another myth is that rock wool has dangerous chemicals in it that, over time, could seep into the air and impair the quality of the air indoors. Rock wool is mostly composed of slag and natural rock, which makes it non-toxic and inert, even though it’s true that some insulating materials may contain binders or additives. Consequently, it doesn’t discharge any dangerous substances into the atmosphere.

Furthermore, there is a misconception that mold growth can thrive in rock wool insulation, which could have negative effects on indoor air quality and even pose a health risk. But because rock wool doesn’t grow mold or absorb moisture, it’s a great material for homes in humid climates or places where moisture problems are common. A healthy indoor environment is ensured by proper installation and ventilation, which further lower the chance of mold development.

It’s important to understand the many advantages of rock wool insulation despite these myths. Its superior thermal insulation lowers energy expenses and boosts comfort levels, and its soundproofing qualities make it the perfect choice for homes near noisy areas. Homeowners can choose insulation wisely and provide a secure and comfortable living space for themselves and their family by busting the myths surrounding rock wool.

Myth Reality
Rock wool causes cancer Extensive studies show no direct link between rock wool and cancer in humans
Rock wool fibers are harmful if inhaled Properly installed rock wool insulation poses minimal risk of fiber release
Rock wool aggravates respiratory conditions When used according to guidelines, rock wool insulation is safe for respiratory health

The kind of facades that are particularly dangerous

When discussing the drawbacks of rock wool, it is important to note that it is possible to reduce heat loss in the winter and stay cool in the summer by using ventilated facades. In order to ensure adequate ventilation and the removal of excess moisture, their technology necessitates the creation of a gap between the walls and stone wool. This explanation explains why the insulator eventually starts to collect microscopic dust particles, which then spread via doors, windows, and ventilation.

Long-term occupancy in such a room increases the risk of lung conditions, including cancer. Particles of stone wool can also irritate the skin, mucous membranes, and even the eyes.

The reason that rock wool is harmful is because it contains needle-like microparticles that enter the lungs when breathing. However, they do not come out again when you exhale. They build up in the body over time, which makes it easier for extremely dangerous diseases to develop.

Properties, types and characteristics of rock wool

Although basalt wool is still essentially a natural stone, it now possesses the best insulating properties. It inherited its high temperature tolerance and fire resistance from the rock. The aggressive effects of acids do not frighten this material. It is impervious to moisture due to the oil treatment.

The material’s good vapor permeability—a crucial feature of any insulator—and excellent heat and sound insulation were made possible by its fiber structure.

Regarding stone wool insulation, there is debate over how environmentally friendly this material is. Its composition includes phenol-formaldehyde resin, which is the cause for concern as it acts as a glue between the fibers. Nevertheless, doubts are eliminated upon closer inspection.

This insulation has a mass fraction of glue that is no more than 3%. The sanitary control authorities’ studies verified minwool’s safety for human health.

In terms of environmental friendliness, products from certified manufacturers who closely adhere to raw material proportions and technology are the primary point of reference for consumers.

Density is the primary attribute of insulation. It is directly related to its capacity for thermal insulation. Furthermore, density is necessary for installation.

Based on this indicator, the content is separated into three groups:

  • soft (roll and slab) – 10-50 kg/m3;
  • semi-rigid (slab) – 60-80 kg/m3;
  • rigid (slab) – 90-175 kg/m3.

Use alphanumeric "marks" to categorize insulation boards. The degree of rigidity is denoted by letters: semi-rigid (PP), rigid (PL), and soft (PM). Density is expressed as a number (kg/m3). The most popular grades are PZh 100, PZh 120, PP-70, PP-80, and PM-40 and PM-50.

The primary attributes of Technonikol Roklait basalt slabs, a widely used all-purpose material for residential building.

Soft roll wool is used to insulate pipelines, frame partitions, and interfloor ceilings. Its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0,033 W/m*C.

In multilayer sandwich panels, semi-rigid board (0.039 W/m*C) is fastened to roofs, ventilated facades, and ceilings.

In areas where the surface is subjected to mechanical loads, such as floors, flat operating roofs, foundations, and underground pipelines, rigid insulation (0,046 W/m*C) is utilized.

Basalt wool is a good absorber of sound. By actively dampening acoustic air vibrations, its fiber structure lowers the noise level in the space. It is utilized in internal frame partitions as sound insulation. When used as exterior facade cladding, it serves as an insulator of both sound and heat.

The material has a sound absorption coefficient between 0.87 and 0.95.

Take note of it when making a purchase. The better the material at damping sound, the higher its value.

Geometric dimensions are not a unified classification for minwool. Every manufacturer has a unique "line" of insulators to offer. Only the material thicknesses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm are the same across brands.

Stone wool comes in three different forms: rolled, slabbed, and shaped (like a round shell to insulate pipelines). Roll mineral wool is used, with a layer of metal foil adhered to its surface, to improve its ability to reflect heat and shield it from the elements.

The roll material can have a width of 0.6 to 1.5 meters and a length of 3 to 50 meters. The board comes in widths ranging from 60 to 120 cm and lengths ranging from 120 to 150 cm (semi-rigid and rigid).

Moreover, there is no precise gradation on the level of vapor permeability. The certificate specifies this indicator, which has a range of values from 0.3 to 0.55 mg/m hPa. The material allows water vapor to pass through better at higher elevations.

Basalt wool is classified as non-combustible (NG) material in terms of fire safety because it can withstand direct heating up to +1100 C.

Harmful during installation

Frequently bring up the dangers of mineral wool when doing installation work. The tiniest, sharp fibers in this material can irritate skin if you handle it with your bare hands. As a result, it should only be handled with gloves.

However, nothing bad will happen if you get rock wool on your hands without wearing gloves. To remove all the fibers from the skin, simply give your palms a good wash in cool water to prevent the pores from opening up. Skilled installers utilize painter’s tape to extract these particles by applying the sticky side to the skin’s contact areas with minwool.

It is advised to cover the respiratory organs with a gauze bandage or, at the very least, a handkerchief when working with basalt insulation. This is particularly valid for the instances in which you must cut minwool. The gauze bandage can be taken off when installing the thermal insulation film because there is no risk of injury.

There are no negative effects from mineral insulation that contains acrylic. Its elasticity has also increased. When insulation is installed inside buildings, it creates a "spring effect" and fills all available space, leaving no gaps. It is not necessary to wear additional protection from flying dust.

Brands of basalt wool

It’s important to think about the material’s application when buying stone wool. The service life of insulation may be shortened if you select the incorrect kind. Data regarding the density of the products should be used to inform the decision:

  1. Lightweight slabs with a density of about 35 kg per cubic meter. Such products are used for insulation of internal surfaces of walls and partitions. Also this type of material is fixed on the ceiling and is used in the insulation of pipelines.
  2. Soft slabs with a density of 75 kg per cubic meter are most often used for insulation of attic floors and attics.
  3. Semi-rigid products. The density of this type of material is equal to 125 kg per cubic meter. They are used in the insulation of horizontal building envelopes, as well as during the insulation of floors and ceilings.
  4. Rigid slabs are characterized by a stiffness of 175 kg per cubic meter. Most often such products are used in cases when it is necessary to insulate the roof or facade of a building.
  5. Boards of increased rigidity are used for insulation of roofs and ventilated facades. Their density is 200 kg per cubic meter.

After taking these values into account, choosing the insulation for your own house will be simple. Cost should not be the only consideration when purchasing mineral and basalt wool.

What more can I read about this subject?

Writer of the piece: Sergey Novozhilov has nine years of real-world experience in the field of engineering solutions for construction and is an expert in roofing materials.

Installation of stone wool

This material is now essential to modern construction and is utilized in 90 out of 100 cases. It is necessary to study a few key rules before laying it. The product needs to be packed strictly vertically for transportation. Also forbidden is taking the packaging off. It shields the product from unintentional contact with other things, which might cause the boards’ quality to deteriorate.

Crucial! Using a specialized construction knife, the wool is cut. The sheet can only be cut by him without causing any damage to it.

Compressing a product that contains 50% fiberglass is prohibited. If not, the product may distort and lose some of its insulating qualities. There are some crucial guidelines that you must follow in order to install the insulator on the wall. First, a supporting frame is laid. There’s a good chance misalignment and gaps will happen if this rule is broken.

The stone panel frame is put in using the same technique as drywall. Insulation made of wool and basalt stone is laid directly between the rafters in the corner. Insulation will be saved as a result. There are various mounting techniques. It is as simple as putting the boards into the empty area. More intricate requires the insulator to be placed on staples for attachment. The walls’ finishing process then begins. A 10 cm thick sheet will allow them to retain heat well. A material with a 20 cm thickness is thought to be the best choice for the roof.

Note: If technology is followed, stone board can be used for basement insulation in addition to facade, roof, and wall insulation.

Harmful vapors from the connecting elements

Certain types of resins containing phenol and formaldehyde derivatives, among other hazardous chemical compounds, are used in the process of manufacturing basalt slabs. These materials are required to successively bind the fibers of basalt wool. However, these substances can gravely endanger human life and health. If there are no technological infractions during the manufacturing of basalt insulator, such as the use of premium raw materials, then the negative effects of this material can be completely eliminated.

The phenol-formaldehyde resin derivatives are bonded together in the final product’s design. One can feel secure as long as they are in such a state. However, if basalt wool is made artisanally using low-quality raw materials, the resulting heat insulator will differ significantly from the standards that are in place today.

These boards may include certain contaminants that are extremely harmful to health. Customers should thus only choose basalt board variations that exhibit a high degree of performance, as attested to by certificates of conformity, in order to minimize risk.

Types of stone wool

If volcanic slag was used to make the first stone wool, then other rocks were used later. There are known contemporary insulators composed of basalt, diabase, dolomite, quartz sand, and limestone. The qualities of the wool are determined by the properties of the raw material. Now let’s begin enumerating the qualities.

  • Slag wool. Modern samples instead of volcanic origin have metallurgical origin. Raw material for the insulator is the slag of blast furnaces. Its basis – sulfur oxides of metals. In addition to them, the slag includes silica, alumina and lime. The latter is calcium oxide.

Alumina is aluminum oxide, and silica is silicon oxide. Their mixture produces fibers that are 1.5 centimeters long and have a thickness of 4–12 microns. Their high moisture content and contamination are disadvantages. For this reason, building facades and water pipes are not insulated with slag wool. Slag wool can be used inside residential buildings as long as it is tightly sealed.

Nonetheless, dry temporary and auxiliary spaces are where the insulator is most frequently utilized. Slag wool is resistant to frosts down to 50 degrees. At 300 degrees Celsius, the insulation will begin to melt in the event of a fire.

  • Stone basalt wool. Basalt is a volcanic, dense and heavy rock. Insulation from it also turns out weighty. It leads to sliding of the material under its own weight. However, fixed on walls and roofs, basalt fibers retain their shape. The insulation threads are as short as in slag wool.

As a result, fibers break and start "sticking to the body, clothing." Installers dislike basalt insulation because of this. The wool "gets through" to the workers even with full protective gear.

  • Sand wool is otherwise known as glass wool. Sand grains are quartz, consisting of silicon oxide. Soda, borax, limestone are added. It makes glass. The material is artificial, but consists of natural, mineral components. The resistance of their alloy to fire is less than that of solid stone materials.

At 250 degrees Celsius, glass wool starts to lose its structural integrity. On the Celsius scale, the same basalt resists 1,000 degrees and can withstand temperatures as high as 190 degrees. Glass wool is not as moisture resistant as other types. It is comparable to the material slag. Water almost never seeps into basalt.

  • The wool made of diabase and dolomite is called mineral wool. Such insulation does not prick and does not absorb moisture. At the same time, the material transmits water vapor, however, like all stone wool. The melting point of mineral insulation is average, about 600 degrees Celsius. Stone wool can withstand temperatures as low as -45.

Stone wool can also be categorized according to brand. The material’s density is the primary distinction between them. The variation in properties results from this, rather than from composition and structure.

  • П-75. Mark with the minimum density per cubic meter. How many kilograms per kilogram is evident from the name of the brand. Products under it go to insulate horizontal surfaces with low load, for example, attics. Under heavy load, the wool gives shrinkage, losing heat-saving characteristics.
  • П-125. This wool is suitable for insulation of interior partitions, walls, ceilings. At the same time, the air in the insulation is still enough to block noises and retain heat, so to speak, at the highest level.
  • П-175. This is already a material of increased density, purchased for insulation of reinforced concrete walls and floors. Externally, the product looks not so much like absorbent cotton, but like a board of wood chips.
  • П-200. Maximum dense and rigid wool. For each cubic meter there are 200 kilograms of weight. The products of the brand are also used for reinforced concrete structures. Density of stone wool is such that noise insulation is reduced, and the material holds heat worse than its "colleagues" in the shop.

The average thermal conductivity indicators in slag wool are very low, ranging from 0.460-0.480 units. Second on the list is basalt. It has a thermal conductivity of 0.35-0,440. Glass insulation has an index of 0.035 and mineral wool of 0.077.

The method of release can also be used to categorize stone wool. The insulator frequently depicts twisted tracks, or rolls. slabs produced less frequently. They are varied in thickness and size. The most common type is 50 mm stone wool. Use 10 centimeter-wide boards for optimal insulation.

Whatever the size of the rock wool slabs, they surpass rolls in size. Transportation-related issues exist. As a result, demand for the slab form of release is lower. Even less frequently, but already as a result of limited specialization, buy cylindrical products.

This variety of stone wool is used to insulate pipelines and chimneys. There are locking joints or seams in its cylinders to allow the wool to "sit" on them.

1 General information

It is possible to discuss the harm that can result from using rock wool. However, you must first confirm that you understand the topic at least somewhat. The truth is that ignorance is the exact cause of the majority of myths.

Let’s first examine the process of making mineral wool. Furthermore, a very intriguing technology is used to produce it.

Right now, insulation hut made of basalt wool is thought to be the most well-liked. Basalt gets its name from the fact that, as you have probably already guessed, it is the foundation of insulation. This particular rock is made of old lava rocks that have solidified.

1.1 Nuances of production

Remelting is used to create basalt wool. The raw material made of stone is heated to its maximum melting point in a furnace. After that, special resins are added to it.

The very fibers of mineral wool are formed by these substances from the resultant material. As you can see, it’s not at all complicated.

These resins give rise to many myths. The percentage of them that are released into the air is thought to cause significant harm, and using this insulation is already detrimental to human health.

Production line for mineral wool

It’s critical to acknowledge that there is undoubtedly risk associated with resins. It’s pretty realistic.

This is because the primary chemicals used to bind the fibers together are formaldehyde and phenol.

Such compositions do, in their normal state, release substances that are detrimental to the body; furthermore, they pose a health risk. However, this is only true if the phenol in question is being discussed in its purest form.

It is an additive in stone wool (stone insulation Isobox, for example), and the insulation has a very low resin percentage.

Well-known, contemporary manufacturers have succeeded in increasing their percentage of the insulating material to roughly 3%.

The resin poses no risk to human health in this ratio, even when processed. The only time it is released is during burning, but we’ll discuss that more later.

1.2 Harm during installation

The myth that rock wool can cause harm during installation is also very common, particularly with regard to stitched mineral wool mats. This myth’s origins are in the far past. It was established in the early Soviet era.

Building materials were hard to come by back then. Not everything was offered, and consumers did not always receive the desired level of quality.

Back then, the majority of the materials used in the work were glass wool. Because mineral wool was nearly impossible to find on the market, it was rarely used.

Because glass wool is made from waste materials from the glass industry, it may be dangerous for people to use.

Its distinct structure is the reason for this. Produce glass wool using the same methodology as stone wool, but with broken glass, waste glass from the glass industry, etc. as the primary raw material.

It is crushed, melted, and then formed into unique fibers. Compared to the same basalt wool, the fibers in glass wool are a little bit stronger and longer. They are generally a little bit more dependable and perform better in terms of tensile strength.

Glass wool installation requires protective gear.

However, when it comes to bending loads, the fibers’ crystalline structure makes them brittle to the point where microcracks start to show.

Such loads are normal when installing glass wool, which should be laid with the assistance of physical force. Consequently, the fibers break and tiny glass powder particles are released into the atmosphere.

Though the effects of this powder are very subtle, they are real. And it already manifests itself here.

The powder irritates skin when it comes into contact with it, and the same thing happens to human mucosa. You need to use extra caution when it comes to your eyes.

Not to be overlooked are the lungs. The powder is most noticeable when it enters the lungs. even to the point of inducing illness. There is most of this powder in Ecover insulation.

Aside from that, glass wool hasn’t been utilized extensively in a while. But as they say, the residue is still there. The myth mentioned above originated from common people’s casual confusion between glass and mineral wool, who lacked specialized knowledge in the construction industry.

As you already recognize. Stone fibers and basalt wool have very little harmful effects because they do not deteriorate when exposed. In fact, this is the reason that when making mineral wool boards or rolls, phenol and formaldehyde resins are added.

The fibers stop dusting and become denser when they interact with these substances, improving insulation safety and installation convenience.

Basalt wool what you need to know about

The fiberglass used in the insulation made of basalt wool is enhanced by additional ingredients that help to keep the material bonded and increase its hydrophobicity.

Resistance to high temperatures, particularly noticeable when compared to minwool insulation, is a significant benefit of basalt wool insulation. Furthermore, the insulator is distinguished by:

  • lack of ability to release toxins when the temperature rises;
  • resistance to dirt and fungus formation;
  • high melting point;
  • easy transportation and installation.

According to the manufacturer, basalt wool insulation has an operational life of roughly fifty years when used in accordance with standard operating procedures. Furthermore, the material’s properties show a high degree of sound absorption, meaning you can use it for noise reduction and insulation in a variety of rooms.

Basalt wool insulators are superior to minwool in terms of vibration resistance and do not fall into the explosive category, making them ideal for use in aggressive and high-temperature environments.

When evaluating the degree to which insulation made of basalt wool is superior to that of minwool, it is important to take into account the unique chemical makeup of the latter. It is devoid of the dolomite and limestone components that are essential to the glue needed to install mineral wool.

With all the benefits of light weight and stronger resistance to mechanical damage, basalt insulation

This is significant because, during the destruction stage, inhaled fiber microparticles that float in the air could seriously harm a person’s health.

When it comes to resistance to moisture exposure, insulation made of basalt wool may be the best available. High levels of water repellency are a feature of the material, which also prevents moisture from building up inside.

There are certain drawbacks to the content. Compared to minwool, which is more of a cheap option, stone wool is sold at a fairly high price.

Minus and the insulator’s structural characteristics can be taken into account. The most common type of thermal insulation material is a board, which has numerous seams in its joints. This can lead to less-than-ideal thermal insulation, particularly if installation is done incorrectly.

Despite the small additions of phenolic binders, insulation made of basalt wool is thought to be more ecologically friendly than traditional minwool in terms of safety.

In order to summarize the key distinctions between minwool-based basalt insulation and other forms of insulation, it is important to consider the following:

  • The material is resistant to chemical and biological attacks, which distinguishes it from the same glass wool;
  • Plasticity of the material is superior to the same parameter in mineral insulators, including glass wool;
  • the material provides a high level of thermal insulation, significantly exceeding the level of analogs of glass wool.

Everyone makes his own decisions about how much the benefits outweigh the drawbacks after examining the characteristics of various insulation options, including mineral wool.

Characteristics of basalt-based insulation

Let us examine the technical specifications of basalt insulation material in detail in order to comprehend the distinction between glass wool (or foam) and basalt wool (rock wool).

Examine the technical specs of basalt insulation in detail to learn how it differs from glass wool (or Styrofoam) and basalt (stone) wool. Thus, they appear as follows:

  • Thermal conductivity . For rock wool, the level of thermal conductivity is from 0.032 to 0.048 wT/(m*K), at the same time, foam and foam rubber have the same indicators. Glass wool is a little larger and faster to transmit heat, but insignificantly.
  • Fire resistance . This criterion is an important criterion when choosing a heat insulator. So, it is worth knowing that rock wool begins to melt only at a temperature of 1114 degrees Celsius, but does not catch fire. At the same time, foam plastic is able to burn already at a temperature of 400-500 degrees Celsius. In addition, basalt wool can favorably differ in that when melting is prone to self-extinguishing, while foam plastic will still and release harmful vapors styrene and phenol into the atmosphere.
  • Hydrophobicity . Here the insulator is slightly inferior to polystyrene foam. But not critical. Percentage of water absorption of stone wool is only 2%. At the same time, Styrofoam does not absorb water at all. However, if stone wool is wet for a long time, the structure of boards and mats will lose its original state.
  • Vapor permeability . Here the index is equal to 0,3 mg/(m*h*Pa). This means that breathable walls made of wood or brick can safely pass their vapors outside, without fear of being subjected to the negative and destructive effect of condensation. It will successfully pass through the structure of basalt wool and go outside. That is, neither the walls nor the insulation is not afraid of moisture.
  • Sound insulation . Basalt wool perfectly muffles noise both from the outside and inside the apartment partitions. Therefore, this type of insulation is especially demanded by developers, whose facilities are located in a noisy area.
  • Density . Here the density level of plates and mats can vary from 30 to 159 kg/m3. Accordingly, with increasing density of the arrangement of fibers in the structure of basalt, increases and its rigidity.

Stone insulators do not easily deform over an extended length of time.

  • Durability . Stone insulators are not prone to deformation over a long period of time. The exception is a large amount of water, which got on the insulation. So, on compression stone wool withstands from 5 to 80 kilopascals.
  • Ecological friendliness . Plates and mats of basalt insulation, although they have phenolic resins in their composition, are still considered environmentally friendly material, because more phenols are already neutralized at the stage of production of insulation. Therefore, slabs and mats can be used both outside and inside objects.
  • Chemical and biological inertness . Basalt insulation does not rot, does not rust, does not react with metal and other aggressive media. At the same time, no microorganisms and living creatures can live in the material.

Important: Wearing protective clothing is essential when working with stone wool, even though it is lightweight and simple to use. Due to the boards’ tendency to slightly crumble when cutting, allergy-prone pollen

Additionally, all joints should be sealed with leftover basalt-fiber material when installing insulation sections.

Which material is better

It is worthwhile to carefully compare the insulators that have been described in order to decide which material is best for you. Wool boards are more expensive than glass wool. Because mineral wool weighs less, transportation is made easier.

Nonetheless, it is not required to draw firm conclusions based on the advantages that have been discussed. It is important to consider the insulator’s usage conditions before making a decision. It makes sense to select stone wool in some circumstances and mineral wool in others. Because of this, it is hard to determine which is superior, like basalt boards.

When analyzing insulators in terms of service life, it is important to remember that mineral wool has a limited lifespan. Stone wool has a fifty-year shelf life.

Basalt wool can be placed under the floor covering, on the walls, and on the ceiling all at the same time. Any environment can be used with this insulation, and it won’t lose its qualities. In certain situations, Minwata cannot be used. For instance, there are circumstances in which the insulation may be subjected to continuous moisture exposure. The properties of thermal insulation are diminished when exposed to water.

Professionals in the construction industry frequently employ basalt wool technology.

Recommendations on the choice of basalt insulation

Because basalt-based mineral insulation varies in density and form, there are a few principles that should be followed when choosing the material.

Because basalt-based mineral insulation comes in a variety of densities and forms, the following guidelines should be followed when selecting a material:

  • For insulation of sloping roofs, it is better to use a material whose thickness will not be less than 15 cm, and density – from 40 kg/m3.
  • To achieve quality sound insulation in interior partitions, you can use insulation with a density of 40-60 kg/m3. This will be enough, and there is no sense in overpaying.
  • To insulate the outer walls of the house it is recommended to use basalt insulation boards with a thickness of 10 cm or more and density of at least 80 kg/m3.
  • If the installation of a ventilated facade in two layers, it is desirable to use two types of material – soft wool and then more rigid. It is necessary to install softer material closer to the walls and stiffer boards closer to the facade finishing.

Important: Look closely at the packaging when purchasing insulation made of basalt. Usually, the material is packed by the manufacturer in shrink film to keep moisture out.

Additionally, it is preferable to decline a purchase if the packaging is ripped or damaged in any way. It is possible that moisture has already entered insulation material during storage or transit, which lowers the material’s ability to insulate against heat. This is known as basalt material.

Characteristics and performance of stone wool

The material has a number of significant qualities that make it ideal for building or remodeling projects.

  • Thermal insulation. Stone wool wall insulation is an excellent way to protect against the cold in winter and the heat in summer. The temperature in the room will be constantly regulated. The effectiveness of this property depends on the components in the composition. It turns out that stone wool for wall insulation is the right solution.
  • Not flammable. Even at temperatures above 1000˚C rock wool does not catch fire. It is therefore a safe material, and it also protects other flammable parts of the house by preventing the spread of fire. Although the binders evaporate already at 200˚C.
  • Permanent form. Due to this characteristic the wool can bear mechanical impacts. This makes it possible to use stone wool for floors that are under constant load. The effectiveness depends on the selected binder.
  • Soundproofing. Gives simple protection from street or neighborhood noise, as the fibers prevent the spread of sounds.
  • Water resistance. Excess moisture in the room goes out without getting into the wool. This property helps to maintain optimal humidity. And no matter how humid the air is, stone wool always stays dry, and mold and other nasties do not grow on it.
  • Environmental friendliness. During production and operation, the environment is not negatively affected.

Pros and cons

Advantages of using mineral wool for insulation include:

  • Non-combustible;
  • Water resistant;
  • Stone wool – insulation for walls – has a wide range of working temperatures;
  • Ecological;
  • Safe during installation and operation;
  • Good heat and sound insulation;
  • It is easier to insulate anything with stone wool than with other materials.
  • Wall insulation with absorbent cotton is a costly measure. Do not expect to buy cheap wool. Low prices for it indicate that there are a lot of impurities and low-quality material in its composition.
  • Dust. The process of insulating the walls of the house with stone wool is accompanied by an abundance of dust, especially if it is handled carelessly. For protection it is desirable to take a respirator, although an ordinary mask from the pharmacy will do.

Properties and characteristics of stone wool

Stone wool insulation is appealing when considering the material’s longevity and environmental friendliness. An additional benefit is resistance to high temperatures. Basalt mineral fibers, for instance, can endure three hours of flame "sight."

It is true that bituminous binders evaporate at 200 degrees C. The substance gets more brittle. As a result of continued use, the insulation may shrink and lose roughly 10% of its ability to block noise and conduct heat.

Stone wool has an average vapor permeability of 0.25 units. The index passes through one square meter of insulation in an hour and is expressed in milligrams of water suspension.

Stone wool’s breathability prevents condensation. This keeps the interior microclimate healthy. Thus, stone wool is as welcome in the home as wood and stone in their natural forms.

Water can be absorbed by stone wool, but only up to 3% can do so per insulated area. Glass and mineral threads don’t hold onto moisture at all. Basalt has an index of roughly 1.5%.

Stone fibers have the same capacity to both absorb and release water, just like gypsum. When the surrounding atmosphere dries out, the opposite process takes place.

Center of public chemical and ecological expertise ECHO

"To forbid the use of mineral wool in internal insulation and soundproofing projects because the binding material used in mineral wool is phenol-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resin, which emits extremely hazardous substances like formaldehyde and phenol. These substances can enter the human body and cause a variety of serious diseases, including the development of cancerous neoplasms.

These regrettable outcomes are caused by dust from mineral wool fibers and toxic chemical components that build up in the human body during the emission process. bolster oversight of the caliber of the materials and labor used in exterior construction."

The "Mossovet" public movement was the study’s client; it was requested by a group of citizens who were initially quite unhappy with the use of mineral wool.

Dimensions of the material and its calculation

Products’ sizes are directly correlated with their categories. The slabs’ dimensions are established by dividing their length by width: 1000 x 500, 1200 x 600. 30 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm thick. The walls of commercial and residential buildings are actively insulated from the outside using wool. Heated and floating floors are insulated with rigid products.

When purchasing, it’s important to do some preliminary math in order to save money. Measure the object’s width and length to determine its area. after the multiplication of these values. The building’s perimeter is defined when the entire space is insulated. The height and the number of floors are multiplied by the resultant value. The roof area is calculated if needed.

The product’s coverage area is indicated on the packaging. The computation needs to account for the product’s shrinkage. As a result, it is purchased with excess, increasing the overall area by 15%.

Basalt and human lungs

This substance is magma that has solidified. Typically, basalt is found on the earth’s surface. Multiple rock formations are included in the composition of basalt.

According to statistics, a lot of people these days think that basalt seriously damages the human respiratory system. When it comes to low-cost materials made without adhering to specifications, this makes perfect sense.

Ecowool that has a normal strength index is safe for people to use. In a similar vein, basalt wool cannot harm a person if it is in an environment other than their home, like the street.

The reason for this is that outside air is far cleaner than indoor air. The only way that a person’s lungs could be harmed is if he actively breathes air that contains a lot of basalt insulation board particles.

People who have lung diseases have frequently come into contact with asbestos and rock wool particles.

According to science, these illnesses are brought on by tiny, sharp particles entering a person’s respiratory system. They consequently build up in the lungs, inflicting different kinds of membrane damage. This frequently develops into dangerous chronic illnesses.

Perfect qualities characterize contemporary basalt insulators. Consequently, the fibers avoid entering the lungs, eyes, or body altogether. Product certification is also very important.

Accredited insulation made of basalt

How to choose stone wool

You must determine the required material quantity and the load on the insulator before purchasing stone wool.

Although its prices are high—as we’ve already mentioned—you can still save money. The following elements will influence the price:

  • Wool density;
  • Manufacturer;
  • Category of binder and rock;
  • The presence of another layer of coating;
  • Quantity to be purchased.

Make sure to read the instructions before making a purchase as they typically provide information on the technical specifications and range of applications for rock wool. The companies Ursa (URSA), Technonikol, and Rockwool are regarded as the most reliable. The final business is situated in Denmark; because rigorous certification bodies are in place there, insulation materials sourced from this nation are of the highest caliber.

When making your selection, find out from the seller whether the fibers are arranged vertically, horizontally, or in an unorganized manner. The final type offers good sound and heat insulation, while the first two prevent material deformation.

Generally, stone wool is categorized based on its density. Stone wool: wall slabs:

  • Mark P-75. Suitable for horizontal internal surfaces, which are not loaded, for insulation of pipelines.
  • Insulation for walls wool brand P-125. Suitable for both horizontal and vertical surfaces. It is ideal for insulating ceilings, floors and the inside of walls.
  • PZH-175. Stone insulation for walls made of metal corrugated sheet or reinforced concrete.
  • Insulation wool PPZh-200. The most rigid stone wool. Such is used in engineering buildings, protecting them from fire.

Which mineral wool is better for wall insulation

The first step in using rock wool for home insulation is selecting the manufacturer.

Rockwool "Rockwool" is well-liked both domestically and internationally. It possesses the following unique qualities:

  • Good level of durability;
  • Mineral wool for insulation of walls serves from 15 years;
  • The fibers are arranged in a chaotic order;
  • Helps to save electricity, as stated by the manufacturer;
  • An additional layer that increases resistance to moisture.

"Tekhnonikol" stone wool.

  • Produced only on the basis of basalt rocks;
  • Additional layer for noise reduction;
  • Low weight, facilitating the work.

Stone wool insulation for walls made by URSA:

  • Special packaging will allow you to easily transport the material and work with it;
  • It does not contain formaldehyde resins, so it is recommended for schools, hospitals, etc.д.

Selection tips

Purchasing a high-quality product can present challenges at times. As a result, it is critical to understand a few key ideas.

  • Pay attention to where and how the wool is stored. Most often, it is stored in the factory packaging and wrapped in shrink wrap. Make sure that there are no holes or cuts on the packaging. The wool should not be in the open air, but under a canopy.
  • If stone wool is packed in cardboard boxes (expensive insulation materials are usually placed in them), then its storage place should be protected from moisture. Even after a slight soaking it will be unusable.
  • Buy the product only from trusted sellers. Give preference to those stores that are closer to you – this will reduce the price of delivery.

Harm

In recent years, a lot of people have been curious to find out the precise response to the question, "Is basalt wool harmful?"

Because basalt is actively used as insulation and soundproofing material in many different areas of construction and decoration, it has attracted special attention. Many people come into daily contact with basalt due to its active use, endangering their lives and health in the process.

When considering the issue from a largely objective standpoint, basalt insulation is somewhat environmentally friendly and does not possess any particularly harmful properties. This indicates that there is little risk to human health.

It’s also important to note that some of the accusations are false.

Even with all of the risks, basalt wool is far less harmful to human health than glass wool, which is a material from the previous generation that serves the same functions.

When it comes to basalt, the level of injury a person sustains is solely determined by how well the insulation was made. The rest of the comments are incorrect and not sufficiently supported.

The real damage is caused by the incredibly inexpensive basalt insulation. This is because certain technological aspects of the material’s production did not adhere to regulations. Such creation causes the material to lose some of its properties and acquire others that are hazardous to human health.

Poor quality ecowool poses a health risk to people.

Qualitatively manufactured goods always have the following characteristics:

  • minimal heat conductivity;
  • Significant level of sound insulation;
  • long shelf life, independent of operating conditions;
  • full resistance to fire (the material is not flammable).

When using ecowool, a builder may suffer health risks if safety precautions are disregarded. It will also inevitably occur when the material is underpriced.

You must maintain constant contact with the material when installing sound and heat insulation, so any deviation from the recommended safety procedure will have unfavorable effects right away.

Cheap basalt slabs’ primary flaw is that they crumble when installed. Delaminated fragments end up on the body as a result, leading to a number of issues.

  • irritation of the mucous membrane of the eyes
  • difficulties in the respiratory system;
  • itchy body skin;
  • problems of an oncologic nature;
  • various harm from phenolic resins (especially Isobox stone insulation).

When expertly produced in compliance with all standards, basalt wool cannot endanger human health, especially in cases of severe health problems. This is directly related to the material’s exceptional strength, which keeps the particles from pealing off the ecowool board.

Ekovata in a perfectly durable cut

Safety technology

To protect yourself from potential harm, take certain safety precautions when working with ecowool. The whole idea is that the tiniest ecowool fiber contact with skin or eye mucous membranes causes irritation, which, in the case of the eyes, results in excruciating burning.

Ecowool’s fibers are difficult to remove from the skin, so it should be handled carefully. It’s imperative to see a doctor right away if fibers come into direct contact with mucous membranes.

Ecowool fibers that come into contact with the skin

It is highly advised that, prior to beginning the work, you obtain a set of safety gear, which consists of the following:

  • respirator (respiratory protection);
  • special suit (skin protection);
  • gloves (for hand insulation);
  • specialized goggles (to protect the mucous membrane of the eyes).

Once the insulation has been installed, all worn clothing needs to be disposed of (ideally burned). This is because it is not possible to remove the basalt fiber residue from it.

Showering multiple times is also advised, with special attention to the head.

It is strictly forbidden to use any detergents when taking a shower, and the water should be at a medium temperature—not hot.

Features of basalt wool

Another name for the insulation mentioned is rock wool. It is created by melting basalt rock and using it as a basis for fiberglass. It should be mentioned that there are other applications for this rock. For instance, it’s frequently utilized in the building of sculptures, monuments, and roadways.

The wool from plate basalt differs greatly from the wool from mineral, so discussing which type of insulation is superior is absurd. It’s important to choose with the knowledge of precisely under what circumstances it will be used.

However, it’s crucial to take into account the benefits and drawbacks of each kind of heat insulator. Both types of material retain heat well if all fixing guidelines are followed.

Glass fibre forms the basis of the insulator that is described. Additives are used in the manufacturing process to aid in the binding of fibers. The resultant material has good thermal insulation qualities because of its loose structure. The rooms’ temperature is maintained constant because of the gap between the fibers. This implies that the house will be cool in the summer and warm in the winter when such insulation is used. Foil basalt wool, which is shielded from moisture and steam, is frequently bought for insulation purposes.

Our goal in dispelling misconceptions regarding the health risks associated with rock wool insulation is to shed light on a subject that is frequently misinterpreted. Despite popular belief, when installed and maintained correctly, rock wool insulation presents very little risk to health. It doesn’t produce dangerous amounts of formaldehyde or contain asbestos, despite what the general public believes. Furthermore, worries regarding respiratory problems and skin irritation are frequently overstated or misattributed. By dispelling these misconceptions, we want to give homeowners the knowledge they need to decide what kind of insulation they need, protecting their homes’ safety and comfort.

Technical characteristics of stone wool

  1. Thermal conductivity of rock wool. The fibers in the insulation are located chaotically, not strictly oriented. The material has an airy structure. A large number of air layers makes stone wool an excellent thermal insulator. Thermal conductivity coefficient is low – from 0.032 to 0.048 wT/(m*K). According to this indicator, the wool is close to cork, foam rubber, extruded polystyrene foam.
  2. Hydrophobicity. This type of mineral wool practically does not absorb water. Water absorption by volume is less than two percent. This allows you to use this material to insulate wet rooms – bathrooms, saunas, baths, basements.
  3. Vapor permeability. Regardless of the density of stone wool, it has excellent vapor permeability. Moisture contained in the air penetrates through the insulation without problems. Condensation does not form and the material does not get wet. This quality of stone wool guarantees optimal temperature and humidity conditions in the room insulated with this thermal insulator. Vapor permeability averages 0.3 mg/(m*h*Pa).
  4. Fire resistance. Basalt fiber wool is considered a non-combustible material. In addition, it can act as a barrier to open fire. The maximum allowable temperature that the material can withstand without melting is 1114 degrees Celsius. Therefore, stone wool can be used to insulate devices that operate at high temperatures. According to fire safety standards, this insulation material belongs to the group NG.
  5. Sound insulation. This insulator is able to muffle vertical sound waves that go inside the walls. Absorbing acoustic waves, stone wool reduces the time of ribbing and does not allow sound to pass not only into the insulated room, but also into neighboring rooms.
  6. Durability. Due to the chaotic arrangement of fibers in stone wool even material with low density can withstand heavy loads. With a deformation of ten percent, the insulation has a compressive strength of 5-80 kilopascals. This property of stone wool guarantees a long service life without changes in shape and size.
  7. Chemical and biological activity. In chemical terms, this insulator is passive. It does not react with metal, wood, plastic and other materials. In addition, the heat insulator is not characterized by rotting, damage by microorganisms, rodents.
  8. Ecological safety. The presence of phenol-formaldehyde resin in the composition of the material causes many disputes regarding the environmental friendliness of stone wool. However, according to recent studies, the content of toxic substances in basalt fibers is extremely low. In addition, they are not released from the wool, because they are neutralized at the production stages.
  9. Stone wool thickness. Recently, this insulation material is produced in multiples of 50 millimeters thick. The minimum thickness of the material is the same. This heat insulator is used under the concrete screed, for floor insulation. The maximum thickness reaches 200 millimeters. Usually such stone wool is used on the upper floors of multi-storey buildings.
  10. Dimensions of stone wool. Stone wool in rolls up to 10 meters long. Width, as a rule, is within 1.2 meters. The material in slabs has dimensions of 1000×1200 millimeters.

The best manufacturers of stone wool

Numerous companies produce stone wool, but not all of them can be relied upon for longevity and quality. It is worthwhile to concentrate on the top manufacturers if you want to avoid regretting your purchase later on.

  • Technonikol – well-known manufacturer. Technonikol stone wool comes out in series. For example, Rocklite – boards, cost from $12 per cubic meter. Teploroll – roll, priced up to $23 per cubic meter. Technoacoustic – has excellent soundproofing properties. Price from $45.
  • Isover – French manufacturer. Well-known lines – Isover Classic, Isover KL-37 and Isover KT-37. The price depends on the type of product and quantity, but on average you can find products from 13 dollars and more.
  • Isobox – not expensive type of stone wool from domestic manufacturer. The product is produced in series ("Light", "Inside", "Facade", "RUF", "Extralight") in automatic mode.
  • Ursa – A well-known company, whose material is used for insulation of both residential, private houses, apartments, and industrial complexes. This company offers a new stone wool variant, Pure One, which is characterized by its environmental friendliness and high characteristics. One roll will cost $23 on average. There are also products in boards at about the same cost.
  • Rockwool- most popular brand. Many people have heard about it and it is not surprising. The manufacturer works on quality and durability. Well-known lines of stone wool – Ruf Butts and Cavity Butts. Average cost of a package or roll 15-23 dollars.
  • Knauf produces stone wool of a variety of types. Thermo Slab 0.37 is a good choice for floors, facades and partitions. In a package of 12-24 boards. Approximate cost of 15-22 dollars. Tormo Roll – analog in roll form. Recommended for insulating any vertical and horizontal surfaces. Cost per roll from 18 dollars. There are also products with foiling, their price starts from 15 dollars and higher.

A picture showing stone wool insulation for walls

Binder

This insulating product’s composition always includes a binder. It provides the required density and shape while binding the fibers. Binder types:

– synthetic, conventional resins such as urea, alcohol, and phenol-formaldehyde.

– composite, which is an intricate mixture of various materials.

Composite binder is most frequently used by manufacturers. This composition is synthetic and contains phenol-formaldehyde resins along with hydrophobizing and plasticizing additives. Formaldehyde and phenol are bound together in the final product, and the binder is entirely inert.

Characteristics of stone wool

Rock formations serve as the basis for the content. A product that can withstand heat transfer is the result of their processing. This is made feasible by the product’s design, which includes air-tightening cells.

Composition and properties of stone wool

The rock known as basalt is composed of various substances.

  • stone;
  • fibers;
  • bonding components.

Specialists greatly value the new qualities that the building material acquires after they are connected. The ability to keep the room at a comfortable temperature is the most important of them. The house will be warm in the winter and cool in the summer after insulation.

Stone boards are among the wool varieties that cannot deteriorate over time.

The product’s vapor permeability receives extra consideration. When there is a lot of moisture in the space, it repels rather than absorbs it.

Crucial! The product can support heavy loads of up to 70 kPa, or 7 tons.

The unique qualities of stone wool’s density and thickness make this feasible.

Types of insulators

Different insulators can be modified in different ways:

Their stiffness, density, and dimensions may vary. Rolls are a huge favorite among consumers. Their density is negligible. The sheet has good compression. The product does a poorer job of shielding the item from moisture, though. It is, therefore, thwarted on one side. Metal foil is also used to enhance the product’s qualities. The product’s dimensions are determined by the manufacturer’s brand.

The primary purpose of boards is to insulate ceilings and walls. They have a fairly high density. This enables you to cut, fix, and finish working with them quickly.

The boards are moisture-proof and have good load bearing capacity. Plastering the wall allows joints created during installation to be easily concealed. Certain varieties feature a unique ridge or groove that makes laying much easier. They are occasionally insulated by them:

  • ventilated facades;
  • different types of frames;
  • some objects for the purpose of soundproofing.

The typical dimensions of basalt stone wool insulation are 1 m in width and 2 m in length. Cylindrical insulators are produced by certain manufacturers. Pipes are utilized with them. The diameter of communications determines the size. Among the cylinders are:

  • foil;
  • mineral fibers;
  • glass mesh for reinforcement.

Take note: The materials feature grooves that let you correctly connect the joints and independently adjust the insulation’s size.

Stone wool insulation types are easily distinguished by labeling. The designation P-75 denotes an insulator with a low density. It is placed on walls that won’t be subjected to heavy loads. The product bearing the P-125 mark has better soundproofing capabilities. PPZh-175 indicates a high density in the product. Reflexivity is denoted by the letter G. The densest wool has the PPZh-200 marking. It is categorized as an insulator that resists fire as well.

Now the facts

  • Fact #1. Emits phenol and formaldehyde. Even manufacturers do not deny it, but insist on the fact that, say, a little, over there, chipboard also makes it, and we are worse?
  • Fact #2. In the instructions for use, written by the manufacturers themselves, it means that when installing the material to use protective clothing, gloves, goggles and a respirator. Why would it be? After all, the material is so safe that it can be used instead of a pillow and blanket.
  • Fact #3. In major repairs and insulation of already constructed buildings, I have not encountered the use of this material if the building belonged to a single non-poor owner. When insulating residential apartment buildings and office centers for hundreds of offices – it is welcome, but when insulating banks or offices of "Gazprom" somehow not seen.
  • Fact #4. Take a rag made of natural material (cotton) and lightly run it over the insulation. There will be fibers of insulation on the rag, and you can see it with the naked eye.
  • Fact #5. Run the material with the inside of your hand (where the skin is soft). After that, wash and dry your hand thoroughly. After a while you will experience discomfort, your hand will become itchy and sore (do not worry, after a couple of hours will pass). From which we can conclude that either the fibers have inflicted micro-wounds, or the tiny particles of fibers have embedded themselves in the skin and are causing discomfort (and most likely both together). Now imagine what happens in the lungs. They are much more delicate, only they can"t hurt, as there are no nerve endings there.
    Fact #6. Employers from the USA and Germany, who know how to count money, conduct regular medical examinations of personnel from mineral wool production facilities at their own expense.

Conclusions allow for personal interpretation. For myself, I insulated my home’s walls, floor, and roof last year. Thus, the only things I used rock wool to insulate are the hot water heater’s and gas boiler’s exhaust pipes located in the attic. And that, heartbroken, since I haven’t discovered a worthy substitute that actually doesn’t burn.

Despite the many urban legends surrounding rock wool insulation, the overwhelming body of scientific data disproves the notion that using it in homes poses health risks. Numerous myths have been spread concerning this commonly used insulation material, ranging from worries about skin irritation to fears of respiratory problems. Nonetheless, studies show that there is little risk to human health when rock wool is installed and maintained correctly.

The possibility of respiratory issues with rock wool is one of the main worries. However, unlike asbestos fibers, which are much smaller and pose a significant health risk, numerous studies have demonstrated that the fibers in rock wool are too large to be inhaled deeply into the lungs. Furthermore, contemporary manufacturing techniques have decreased the possibility of fibers becoming airborne, thereby further minimizing any possible respiratory risks.

Another widespread misperception is that rock wool can irritate skin when it comes into contact with it. Although some people may experience temporary discomfort when handling raw rock wool, once installed inside a home’s walls, the insulation is usually contained and does not come into direct contact with occupants. Furthermore, skin irritation during installation can be easily avoided by wearing protective clothing, such as gloves and long sleeves.

Furthermore, scientific research has largely refuted concerns regarding the chemical composition of rock wool. Because rock wool is mostly made of naturally occurring minerals like dolomite, basalt, and limestone, it is non-toxic by nature. In contrast to certain other insulation materials that might contain hazardous chemicals, rock wool is thought to be safe for the environment and human health.

In summary, despite enduring myths, scientific data suggests that the health risks associated with rock wool insulation are mostly unfounded. Without posing serious health risks, rock wool offers a safe and effective way to increase home comfort and energy efficiency when installed and maintained properly. For their heating and insulation needs, homeowners can choose rock wool insulation with confidence.

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