What is low -temperature heating

Many people ask themselves what low-temperature heating is. These systems are usually characterized by heat carriers that are heated to 60 degrees Celsius. Simultaneously, the system’s input and output have temperatures of roughly 40 and 60 degrees, respectively. Think about how this is accomplished.

Three features can be used to characterize the temperature regime of heating systems:

• The temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the boiler.
• Output temperature.
• temperature in the heated room.

The technical passport of the products in this order should include the boiler data. Conventional heating systems, such as central heating, were designed with the assumption that water would be 60 degrees at the input and approximately 80 degrees at the heater’s output. These indicators are a little out of date now though. Both the user and the heat network have the ability to lower the temperature. European boilers operate on slightly different schemes than their Soviet heating equivalents, which they have now nearly entirely replaced.

The European standard states that a temperature between 60 and 75 degrees Celsius is necessary for heating systems to operate normally. However, in this context, it also alludes to the idea of "soft heat," which relates to the specifications of a system that can reach a temperature of 55 degrees. And with all the increased savings requirements, this is the exact regime that has the potential to become the norm in the near future. Warm flooring installation is therefore becoming more and more important.

Maybe everyone heard about the "warm floors." This particular system serves as one of the most notable illustrations of low-temperature heating. Furthermore, to get the coolant temperature down to 50–60 degrees, the majority of private home owners nowadays turn down the boilers’ setting to "one."

What are the benefits of low -temperature heating do

The following benefits come with setting up a water warming floor system:

1. The main advantage is the level of comfort. It"s no secret that too hot batteries dry the air, forming excessive convection in the house, which lifts a lot of dust in the house, having a negative effect on the human body.
2. Economy. Refusing intensive heating in favor of the selective one, which is characterized by separate temperature adjustment, you can save up to 20% of the coolant.
3. Technological economy. Using the mode of warm pipes, you can discover two capabilities for heating at once – condensation boilers characterized by efficiency up to 95%, and solar collectors that allow you to get "free" energy.

The owners of the houses can begin converting their heating systems to a more economical mode of operation after the system pays for itself after five to ten years, eliminating the primary sources of heat loss and wanting to save money.

Low-temperature heating is a game-changer in the search for greener and more effective home heating options. Low-temperature heating, in contrast to conventional heating systems, heats your house at a lower temperature while preserving comfort and lowering energy expenses. With underfloor heating, heat pumps, or contemporary radiators, this method lowers carbon emissions while simultaneously improving comfort. It guarantees constant warmth throughout the house when properly insulated. For anyone wishing to improve the comfort of their home, reduce energy costs, and make a positive impact on the environment, low-temperature heating is an economical and environmentally friendly option.

Low -temperature heating of buildings

The essence of low -temperature heating

The standards state that the pipes should be spaced 10 millimeters from the wall’s surface, which helps the room heat up quickly. The primary guideline for wall heating is that approximately one-third of the wall’s sweat area must be taken for optimal room heating. For instance, if the room’s walls are 30 m2, the pipe needs to be installed on 10 m2 of those walls in order for it to be heated.

Wall heating and low-temperature floor heating work in similar ways. On the other hand, the floor version is acknowledged to be less expensive and easier to install. Anywhere there are tiles or stone floors, such as wet rooms and hallways, floor heating can be used very successfully. In comparison to its wall analogue, floor heating operates considerably more slowly and takes longer to warm up a space.

Low-temperature heating systems and more common models differ primarily in that the water in a low-temperature system needs only be heated to a temperature of 30-35 degrees, whereas in a conventional radiator, the water must be heated to 70 degrees or higher. These water jets are fired through plastic hoses or pipes set into the wall or floor.

Advantages of low -temperature heating of buildings

Second, low-temperature heating installed in radiators is more cost-effective because there is no need to insulate the pipes against heat loss because they are installed directly into the walls, which receive direct heat from the rooms. There is therefore absolutely no heat loss.

Thirdly, there’s nothing like the soft warmth of a tiled stove to make you want to lie on the couch next to the wall. Touching a warm floor is a very pleasant experience as well. Furthermore, the room’s heat-producing heat waves are good for people’s health.

Fourthly, plastic pipes last longer without deposits and damage and are not susceptible to oxygen. It’s also noteworthy that there is much less dust movement in the room with wall and floor heating. Consequently, low-temperature heating systems should be preferred by those who are particularly sensitive to dust.

It’s also important to keep in mind that the water’s surface heats the walls rather than the air, giving the impression that the room is warmer even when the temperature is the same. This is especially true in rooms with low-temperature heating systems. Furthermore, conventional heating can always be installed in a room like this.

Features of low -temperature heating of buildings

It is imperative to guarantee that every room in the house has its own closed water cycle, as this will aid in temperature regulation in each space separately. The temperature in the bedroom, for instance, ought to be lower than that of the other rooms. It is sufficient to run cold water through the pipes in low-temperature heating systems to provide cooling during the summer.

Heating is typically installed in the walls that are the coldest. Additionally, you must consider ahead of time which wall will receive heat, as it is inappropriate to furnish that wall at that time. The last point is to keep in mind that the pipes will enlarge when heated, so the right plaster and other materials must be chosen.

Steam heating

Because "saturated" steam is used as the coolant in this kind of heating, it is important to make sure condensate is collected properly. Furthermore, condensation gets harder and harder as the number of heating devices in the heating system increases, even if there is only one that works without any issues. The application of "cold" steam as a coolant proved to be the answer to this issue. Its function in contemporary low-temperature steam heating systems is primarily fulfilled by the inorganic chemical compound Hladon-114, which is odorless, non-flammable, and chemically stable.

The "cold" pair’s system functions by using the heat produced when saturated vapors condense to heat heating components. Due to this, condensation pipelines run in the "wet" mode. Since the condensate naturally returns to the evaporator in this instance, the condensate ventures are not necessary. Additionally, the feed pump is not needed. Pipelines for steam and condensation are installed in both vertical and horizontal orientations. And looking at the slope is entirely optional. The supply steamline can be installed vertically and can be positioned both above and below.

The method of adjusting a system that operates on a "cold" pair involves subjecting it to steam pressure and temperature; the system is designed to operate at the pressure that corresponds to the steam’s maximum possible temperature.

In the low-temperature steam heating system, convector panels and sectional radiators are typically utilized as heating elements. Every heating device has a membrane valve to regulate the heat transfer.

Low -temperature heating system

An additional crucial component of the heating system is the tank battery and solid fuel boiler.

Devices for heating at low temperatures include:

Water warm floor. Today, perhaps, the best way to maintain the desired temperature in the room. Heated screed, with built -in pipes along which the coolant is supplied, gives the accumulated energy for a long time. Water warm floor is one large radiator. In favor of this technology, the fact that heat is evenly distributed throughout the surrender does not cause convection, which, along with air flows, tolerates dust, pile and some microorganisms. In a well-insulated house, it is enough to serve 30-40C in the floors and this will be enough for comfortable heating;
Radiators counted under a low -temperature heating system. Standards manufacturers indicate the power of radiators based on the temperature regime 90/70/20. Low-temperature system involves the supply of 45-50C, Delta 10C. T.e. The temperature regime will look like this: 45/35/20. Read more about calculations .
Fanchoils. This equipment refers to the air heating system. They are more often used in non -residential buildings, although at present they have become increasingly meeting in private houses.

What gives a low -temperature heating system when using a solid fuel boiler in a bunch with a heat battery? Everything is very simple. When the solid fuel boiler stops burning, the heating system begins to select heat from the battery tank. Water in the tank with a solid fuel boiler we can heat degrees to 90-95. If our radiators are selected at the supply temperature of 90 ° C, then almost immediately there will be a deficiency of heat transfer of such radiators. Although the water in the battery of the battery will be almost boiling water, but it will be cold in the rooms. If the radiators are recounted for a low -temperature system, then heat will be enough until the temperature of the coolant in the tank is cooling to the heat battery up to 45C.

The mixing unit is the most crucial component of this kind of system. We ought to extract as much heat as our current needs from the thermal battery. It is preferable if indoor thermostats are used for temperature control automation. By carefully consuming heat, such a system makes it less likely that you will approach and melt a solid fuel boiler. The comfort level of the heating system increases.

Do you need a power supply

Ideally. Since the Housing Railway may not always provide coolant, it makes sense to boost the battery power by 20–25%. It is advisable to place a heat regulator—a thermostat or regular ball valve—at the entrance.

Install the radiator in a "correct" manner (5). The connecting components (1-3) will assist in rapidly removing and reinstalling the battery, while the thermostatic valve (4) will guarantee the room’s consistent temperature. Coolant on the riser can be circulated with a bypass (a jumper between the supply and outlet pipe), and the device can be removed to avoid interfering with the interests of the neighbors living nearby.

Automation of the heating system

Many people have an image of automation that includes controllers with intricate settings and control shields. Everything is a lot simpler. You can optimize the amount of heat that the sun’s or other heat sources bring into your room with inexpensive equipment and a short run of wires. You can use less of the battery tank’s heat thanks to this control.

The most basic indoor thermostat is the easiest device to automate the process. This relay is standard operating procedure. Its job is to either close the contacts when the room temperature drops or open the contacts when the temperature reaches the set point. These thermostats are attached to the circulation pumps, which they start when the room cools down or stop when the temperature in the room reaches the desired level of heat. Installing even a single thermostat in the room with the lowest temperature will significantly reduce energy usage.

The thermostats’ stages will provide even more comfort. Furthermore, programmable thermostats will reduce the amount of time you are gone. When you leave for work or go to bed in the evening, they will automatically lower your temperature and then increase it to a comfortable level until you return or wake up.

Automation is available for room temperature settings, but in this instance, a poetal collector wiring is required. Add the collector that can be used to power servo drives, and equip every room with a thermostat.

Electric heating is another component capable of providing amenities. Within the battery tank, it is installed. Ten is activated when the coolant reaches a specific temperature or when there is a night tariff. Your home will be warm when you wake up if the heat loss is such that the thermal battery’s heat supply is insufficient until the morning.

Characteristics of a low -temperature heating system

Three features can be used to characterize the temperature regime of heating systems:

• The temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the boiler.
• Output temperature.
• temperature in the heated room.

The European standard states that a temperature between 60 and 75 degrees Celsius is necessary for heating systems to operate normally. However, in this context, it also alludes to the idea of "soft heat," which relates to the specifications of a system that can reach a temperature of 55 degrees. And with all the increased savings requirements, this is the exact regime that has the potential to become the norm in the near future. Warm floor installation is therefore becoming more and more important.

High -temperature and low -temperature water heating systems of the house

Based on the radiator’s structural characteristics, we can calculate its heat transfer surface area, which comes out to be two and a half square meters.

Therefore, the room must be heated to a temperature of between 70 and 90 degrees Celsius in order to be adequately heated with such a small radiator.

In other words, temperature increases with decreasing heat transfer area. For this reason, when we discuss high-temperature water heating systems in a house, we are referring to radiator heating systems.

It’s also critical to understand that radiator calculations are done when the supply coolant is at least 70 degrees Celsius in temperature. For this reason, a lot of people frequently discover that their home’s or the room’s radiator heating systems don’t heat anything because the coolant temperature isn’t taken into account.

Because they are not adjusted for coolant temperature, many people frequently experience their radiator heating systems not heating the room or their homes.

Additionally, using high-temperature coolant systems for house water heating is more expensive financially than using low-temperature systems. This is because the coolant needs to be heated to higher temperatures.

Furthermore, the house’s low-temperature water heating systems represent an entirely different issue.

These comprise underfloor, wall, ceiling, and other heating systems.

The primary characteristic that sets low-temperature heating systems apart is their utilization of the largest heat-transfer area. It’s also ten times bigger here than it is with the radiator.

Therefore, heating the coolant to high temperatures is not necessary if the area of heat transfer is larger. It’s sufficient to bring the coolant’s temperature up to 35–40 degrees.

This is why these types of home water heating systems are referred to as low-temperature systems.

As a result, significant savings are realized, which can reach 50% with skillful low-temperature heating system calculation and installation.

Because every water heating system has advantages and disadvantages for the home, you can also frequently find combinations of heating systems.

It’s critical to realize that your home does not have faulty water heating systems. Certain buildings, homes, and other spaces require heating.

Among these requirements, selecting the home’s water heating system must be done.

Naturally, providing information about home water heating systems on the internet is not a simple task. Tell what would be obvious to all of them.

For this reason, we have put together comprehensive information about the four most common heating systems for homes for you. You can read about all the benefits and drawbacks of each system and decide which one is best for you!

Solid fuel boiler strapping diagram

• Security group. This includes the automatic air vent, manometer and pressure drop valve. Each element performs its own function. The air vent is necessary to remove the air from the coolant. Using the manometer, pressure is monitored in the heating system. The reset valve allows you to discard water from the system if the system increases in the pressure of more than 3 bar.
• TERMOMOMOMICE NOVEL to the reverse trunk of a solid fuel boiler. The main purpose is the constant supply temperature to the heat exchanger of the boiler. In a solid fuel boiler, the coolant should come with a temperature of at least 60C. If the return comes colder, the shock mixing node adds hot water from the feed. This scheme prevents the formation of condensate inside the boiler, and when the heat exchanger is made of steel, this can lead to a decrease in the line of its service. The supply of cold water from the return pipe into a warm -up boiler in the absence of hot water in the heat exchanger, can lead to its failure or break.
• Expande tank and a heating system to subdise. Using the expansion tank used in the heating system with the heat battery will be quite large, because it is selected taking into account the volume of the coolant. The larger the volume, the greater the expansion tank. Usually it is selected at the rate of 8-10% of the total volume of the coolant in the heating system. The installation of an expansion tank is necessary for the proper operation of the boiler, and for safety reasons.
• Thermal battery, which is a special container in which there is a coolant. The battery gives its heat when the heat source stops its work, supports the comfortable temperature in the room.
• TERMOMOMOMICIAL NOVEL for heating system.
• a controller that controls the process of regulating the optimum room in the room.

What is the thermal power of heating radiators

Thermal power, heat transfer or heat flow of the heating device indicates the amount of thermal energy (in kilowatts or watts), which is a radiator or one modular element (section) is able to transfer to the room per unit of time (hour). Less commonly found in calories/hour. One watt is 0.86 calories. The value of heat transfer depends not only on the design of the radiator, its size, material from which it is made. The parameters of the coolant are no less important: its temperature and speed at which the liquid flows through batteries. For most heating devices, thermal power is indicated at standard values of the temperature of the coolant at 60/80 ° C. Accordingly, when the operational services from the generosity of the budgets give in the heat and launch boiling water into the system (rarely, but it happens), heat transfer will increase. A slightly warm water will go at low speed (this happens much more often) – will decrease. Significantly affects the value of the heat flow and the method of connecting the device.

It should be remembered that not every connection configuration allows the heating device’s heat to transfer completely. The most typical is the standard lateral (1); a reduction coefficient is added during calculation for other cases (3, 4).

In the classic cast-iron radiator of the Soviet model, one section has a heat transfer capacity of 160 watts.

We multiply this number by the number of sections to get the battery’s total power.

In the classic cast-iron radiator of the Soviet model, one section has a heat transfer capacity of 160 watts. We multiply this number by the number of sections to get the battery’s total power.

Sectional radiators are also made of aluminum. The heat flux varies depending on the model, but an average of 200 W is produced for one section at a standard interdose height of 500 mm. In other words, these aluminum sections will require roughly 20% less time than cast iron.

The aluminum radiator’s design. The value A in the standard version is 500 mm. The distances between the device’s external faces and the floor and windowsill need to be taken into consideration. If they are lower than these, there will be a little decrease in heat transfer.

Panel steel radiators have a set heat transfer value and are not variable. As an illustration, a panel with standard dimensions of 800 mm in height and length can provide heat flow ranging from 700 to 1500 W, depending on the design.

Where to use low -temperature heating

1. Heating with warm floors.

DBN states that a person can feel comfortable on a warm floor that is no higher than 26 °C, and that a coolant that is no higher than 35 °C is ideal.

It is feasible to arrange low-temperature heating using the system if the house is well-insulated. Installing an additional radiator heating system is an option if your home’s heat loss is too high, but keep in mind that choosing one requires operating in a low temperature range (50/30 c for a condensation boiler and 35/30 for a heat pump)! It is noteworthy that homes with extremely low heat losses are uncommon in our latitudes and can only be heated with the aid of a heated floor. The second option—warm floor plus radiators—is utilized more frequently.

Under the influence of heat, furniture placed on the floor where pipelines are installed will rapidly lose its physical characteristics. As a result, it’s important to plan ahead for where and how furniture will stand. Indeed, the interior design, the honey placement, and the heating project all need to be finished. This will stop similar overreactions in the future.

2. Warm walls that provide warmth.

Though far less common in Ukraine, it is essentially the same as the heated floor.

It’s true that this system has drawbacks when compared to floor heating.

Simplified calculation

In the central regions of Russia, for heating a living room with one outer wall in a typical panel house, you will need about 100 watts of thermal energy per square meter of area. This is a very approximate figure. If the apartment is located on the first or top floor, it is worth adding about 20%. For a corner room, increase the number one and a half times. Do not forget that there is a dependence on the connection scheme, if necessary, take into account the correction factor. This is a battery of ten cast -iron sections. Naturally, for Yakutia and Krasnodar, the value of heat transfer per unit area will differ significantly. Thus, for the Moscow region, a room of 16 m2 in a standard "panel" will require 1,600 watts.

A modern home with "warm" cellular block walls, energy-efficient glazing, and even "thermal shutus" will have significantly less heat loss and require less power from the radiators. Some heating equipment vendors give prospective buyers more options by including a calculator to determine the number of heating radiator sections on their website. One can actually calculate the heating radiator to the room with a reasonable degree of accuracy by using an online service like this one.

One of the numerous pages in the "correct" heating system project is the radiator location plan. The calculated value of heat loss (numbers in a rectangle) is shown for each room. You shouldn’t cut corners when building pricey apartments when it comes to design.

The principles of calculation

To ensure the necessary temperature in the room, the calculation of the power of heating radiators and the entire system must entirely take into account heat loss from each room and the climatic conditions of the region. Heating equipment in the manufacture of the project determines the thermal balance of the outer walls, roofs, the basement of the building, window and door structures. The air exchange in the ventilation system, the height of the premises, the movement of air flows and many other factors are also taken into account. The fundamental document prescribing the principles of designing a heating system – SNiP 2.04.05-91. Designers use a number of regulatory acts (a total of up to two dozen) regulating the heating device for buildings and premises for various purposes.

Without specialized knowledge, it can be difficult to calculate the heating radiator sections accurately and in accordance with all regulations. When building a substantial country home, it makes sense to get in touch with experts and request a complete heating project; cost-effective solutions, comfortable temperatures, and efficient fuel use will all balance out. In the event that this isn’t feasible, you can estimate how much heating batteries will cost on your own.

Heat loss of the house

When the main gas is cut off, insulation in the home becomes crucial. The heating system has a direct bearing on heat loss. The boiler will need less power, require less volume, and require a smaller thermal battery the less heat loss there is.

It is necessary to insulate walls, roof, floors and base. It is necessary to install windows with energy -saving double -glazed windows. If heating is planned without trunk gas, then it is recommended to at least comply with the norms for the heat -resistance of the enclosing structures for your region. There is a good interactive Climatology map . With the help of this card, without studying SNiP, you can easily find the necessary numbers for your city. The better the insulation, the less often you will approach a solid fuel boiler, and the amount for the heating season will not be horrified. In a well -insulated house and sun, it will be easier to help heat the rooms, and this, in turn, will lead to less heat consumption from the battery tank.

You can read in for more information about how effective insulation is.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Efficient energy consumption	Initial installation cost
Even heat distribution	Requires well-insulated home

A clever and effective method of keeping your house warm while cutting down on energy expenses and the environmental effect is low-temperature heating. Householders can enjoy comfortable temperatures without the disadvantages of conventional high-temperature heating techniques by employing systems that operate at lower temperatures, such as heat pumps or radiant floor heating.

The energy efficiency of low-temperature heating is one of its main advantages. These systems use less energy to keep the house at a comfortable temperature because they distribute heat more evenly throughout the space. This efficiency benefits the environment by lowering the carbon footprint associated with heating and lowering utility bills.

A common low-temperature heating technique that produces constant warmth without the use of ductwork or noisy fans is radiant floor heating. By moving warm water through pipes buried beneath the floor, this system creates a warm and inviting atmosphere. Furthermore, heat pumps—another low-temperature heating option—extract heat from the ground or the air, providing an economical and environmentally responsible way to keep your house warm.

Moreover, low-temperature heating systems enhance the quality of the air inside buildings. Low-temperature heating reduces air movement, which lessens the circulation of dust, allergens, and other pollutants. This is in contrast to forced-air systems, which can distribute these harmful particles. People can breathe easier and live in a healthier environment as a result.

Low-temperature heating systems also improve your home’s general comfort. You and your family will enjoy a more comfortable living environment thanks to these systems, which remove cold spots and maintain a constant temperature. Bid farewell to drafts and temperature swings and welcome the coziness and peace that come with low-temperature heating.

To sum up, low-temperature heating is a workable and environmentally friendly way to maintain a warm and cozy home. With benefits ranging from energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact to improved indoor air quality and enhanced comfort, it"s clear that low-temperature heating is a smart choice for any homeowner looking to create a more efficient, healthier, and cozier living space.

Low -temperature heating of the house

Electric heating

Constructive elements of systems

Heat production devices