Leningrad heating scheme with forced circulation

For many homeowners, keeping their house warm and comfortable throughout the winter is of utmost importance. A good heating system is crucial in areas with cold climates, like Leningrad, Russia. The forced circulation system is one well-liked heating plan that is gaining traction in Leningrad. In addition to providing constant warmth throughout your house, this cutting-edge heating solution has a number of benefits over conventional heating techniques.

The forced circulation Leningrad heating scheme works on a basic but efficient principle. With this system, heat is distributed through pumps that move hot water or steam through radiators or underfloor pipes, as opposed to convection. Every corner of the house is warmed by the active movement of the heated fluid, which removes cold spots and guarantees a comfortable atmosphere regardless of the outside temperature.

The forced circulation heating scheme’s efficiency is one of its main advantages. Forced circulation provides constant warmth throughout the entire living area, in contrast to passive heating systems, which may find it difficult to heat large or multi-story homes. In addition to improving comfort, this efficiency lowers energy use and may eventually result in lower heating costs.

In addition, the forced circulation system is more flexible and controllable than conventional heating techniques. Homeowners can fine-tune their heating settings to fit their schedules and preferences by adjusting the circulating fluid’s temperature and flow rate. This system allows for customized heating control, so you can choose to keep the house warm all day or save energy when you’re away.

The Leningrad forced circulation heating scheme also has the benefit of being compatible with contemporary insulation methods. By reducing heat loss, proper insulation maximizes the efficiency of any heating system. Through the combination of superior insulation materials and methods with forced circulation, homeowners can establish a comfortable and energy-efficient living space all year round.

To sum up, the forced circulation Leningrad heating scheme provides a dependable, economical, and adaptable way to heat homes in cold weather. Through active circulation of heated fluid throughout the house, this system improves energy efficiency, offers more control over heating settings, and guarantees constant warmth. When paired with appropriate insulation, it becomes an effective instrument for designing a cozy and environmentally friendly living area.

Classification

Heating pipe layout in a horizontal manner

Heating pipe wiring in a vertical scheme

Leningrad’s single-pipe system has the following structural characteristics:

• The system can be mounted horizontally, vertically and even diagonally;
• The heating circuit can be open or closed;
• The coolant can be water or antifreeze;
• The coolant can circulate forcibly (a hydraulic pump is included in the circuit) or by gravity (natural gravitational circulation, it is implemented in the contours of a maximum of 30 meters long).

System elements

Leningrada is made up of the subsequent components:

• heating boiler, which is usually installed in the utility room (boiler room);
• pipe for a riser and eyeliner;
• expansion tank (membrane or non -sealed);
• heating radiators.

The following elements can be added to the system to boost efficiency:

• Maevsky cranes for air sustaining from the system;
• hydraulic pump. Improves circulation, but makes the system of energy -dependent. Installed on the reverse pipeline;
• bypasses with needle valves, allowing to smoothly adjust the flow of coolant;

A tiny section of the pipeline, installed parallel to the reinforcement, is the heating system’s bypass. It is shut off and regulated.

Battery temperature controllers

Heating batteries with ball valves

How it works

Pipelines carry the boiler’s heated coolant as it expands. Water (or antifreeze) transfers heat and cools through pipes and radiators before returning to the boiler. A damper that equalizes and compensates for hydraulic pressure is required for the system. At the top of the system is where the expansion tank is located. As a result, circulation is ongoing. A pipe with a crane for draining the coolant system is also a part of the system. Through the insert into the return pipeline, the system is topped off with water from the central water supply.

The framework is shut down. Every floor has its own set of radiators on the same level. Radiators are placed in the furthest rooms with the most sections in order to align the temperature regime in the rooms because the coolant temperature is gradually lowered.

Closed-system single-pipe heating

There are two ways to lay pipes:

• on top of the finish flooring, along the walls. This installation method is quite simple. For better circulation, the supply pipes and the return are mounted with a small slope;
• Inside the floor cavity. This method of hidden installation involves the use of roller insulating materials to prevent heat loss.

Heating pipes embedded in the ground

Crucial! It’s best to adhere to the pipe bias when using any type of connection diagram, whether horizontal or vertical. If the system has a pump, the coolant will still flow through the pipes even after the electricity is turned off.

By adjusting the temperature controllers or taps that prevent coolant from entering any of the successively connected radiators, you can modify the temperature within the building. You can save fuel without using it by doing this.

Note: Two boilers can be connected to the Leningrad heating system simultaneously. Additionally, adding heated towel rails and a "warm water floor" to the vertical system is a simple process. These components cannot be installed using the horizontal option. Installing the pump is necessary in structures with two or more stories (vertical Leningrad or horizontal with a length of more than thirty meters).

Leningrad on a heated surface

Installation of Leningradka

Once you are familiar with the installation guidelines and have drawn up the project (which is developed prior to building construction), you can install Leningradka by hand.

• First of all, a boiler with a chimney and heat exchanger is installed;
• Pipelines with a diameter of 1.5 – 2 inches are laid along the boiler around the perimeter of the room. The highway (the largest pipe into which all branches of the smaller diameter crashes) forms a ring that closes on a heating boiler. The filter is installed on the return and the pipe is inserted through which filling or draining the coolant will be carried out;
• Near the boiler the element crashes to which the vertical line pipeline will be connected;
• The expansion tank is installed, for example, in the attic, heated qualitatively. Connection is made by inserting the pipeline near the boiler (on the section of the line with the return). If a closed damper is used, then a security group should be present in the system – a safety valve, an air vent, a manometer;

radiators with Maevsky cranes are mounted. Heating devices can be installed in several ways. Diagonally. That is, having an input and output pipe at different heights. Diagonal connection of radiators Parallel. Monting on pipes leading to the radiator, ball valves, which, if necessary, will block the flow of the coolant and allow the dismantling of heating batteries. On the pitch of the riser, which plays the role of bypass, a needle crane crashes to regulate the fluid flow in the pipes and the temperature in the room. Parallel connection of radiators note! Bimetallic radiators have the best performance indicators and heat transfer. These devices are easy to transport and install, which cannot be said about cast -iron heating batteries, outdated morally.

Video – Leningrad heating system

System elements installation rules

Connection of steel pipes

Steel pipe connections Steel pipes are connected for heating systems using the following techniques:

• thread,
• Masplain/electric arc.

Because the connection is stronger, welding is the compound that is in the highest demand. Before welding, the joined pieces are cleaned with a file and a grinder for the chain, and then they are cleaned and degreased.

Filler wire is used to form a seam during gas welding. The electrode "-" and the pipe’s "+" are linked when using electric arc welding. There is an imbalance in the connection.

The heating system can be readily repaired (installation/dismantling work) thanks to threaded connections. Various GOST-compliant steel and cast-iron fittings are used for the connection, along with sealants (linen and asbestos strands impregnated). After dusting and cleaning threaded joints, installation is completed using pipe keys.

Saber saws are the most effective tool for cutting metal pipes.

Video – Work with steel pipes

Expansion tank

An open-type tank is a container that has a bottom threaded connection that is used to complete the connection.

An expansion tank that is open in design

A closed-type tank resembles an airtight capsule. In the return pipeline, it is typically connected in front of the pump. A gas key is used for installation, along with a stepped divorce. The location of the tank installation facilitates easy access for commissioning and maintenance tasks. Strictly speaking, installation is done at an air temperature of plus.

Take note: The expansion tank’s volume should make up a minimum of 10% of the heating system’s overall volume.

Setting takes place before the membrane tank is installed. The nipple is removed along with the plastic plug. To get the air pressure down to 1.1 kPa, a car pump is connected. The heating circuit pressure needs to be higher than 0.2 kPa in a tank.

It’s difficult to fit crashes into the heating pipeline. It is connected to the "American" tap, which allows for additional repair work to be done without removing coolant from the system. Strands of linen compact the threaded connection between the "American" and the tank.

Dowels hold the tank capacity itself to the wall. The housing has specific holes for fastening, or a metal clamp can be used.

An illustration of tying down a tank

Video – extensor tank

Circulation pump for heating

You can install the system in a "wet" or "dry" pump. The first device’s rotor does not come into contact with the coolant; its efficiency is approximately 80%, and it produces a lot of noise when it operates.

Although "wet" devices are less demanding and noisy, their efficiency is only 50%. The installation process follows the plan shown below. It is necessary to place the pump shaft horizontally.

The schematic of the pump connection

It is advised to install ball valves on both sides of the pump to further facilitate potential repair work. By blocking them, the pump could be disassembled without removing any coolant from the system.

Following accessory assembly, the pump is installed with bypas installed and cut into the main pipeline (on the return line closer to the boiler).

Video – installation of a circulation pump

Water heating convectors: selection, working principle, and installation Modern homes and apartments are installing more and more of these units. high heating efficiency.

Even during the worst frosts, having high-quality heating and preventing colds within the house can be achieved by installing the heating batteries yourself. Since.

When selecting a convector heater, keep in mind that the room may need to be heated further at any time of year.

Step heating via water circuit stove heating via water circle allows for more sensible use as well.

Leningrad heating system – schemes and installation features

A system is more reliable the simpler it is. The Leningrad heating system is suitable for even a two-story private home, despite being relatively easy to install. With just a few basic supplies, some basic tool knowledge, and a little bit of theoretical preparation, you can organize water heating on your own and stay warm throughout the winter.

What is convenient the system?

Unlike a basic natural circulation heating system for a private home, a single-pipe system enables you to select a different mode for every radiator, shut it off entirely, and even disassemble it for maintenance or replacement.

Because this system makes use of the risers’ horizontal location, it is ideal for one-story buildings. However, the system’s configuration and accurate pipe diameter calculations enable it to be used effectively for a two-story house; in fact, it already incorporates a vertical and horizontal connection diagram for the "Leningradka" risers.

Schema vertical "Leningradka"

The "Leningradka" coolant has three different methods of movement: naturally occurring, forced, closed, and open. In reality, forced circulation is used in all vertical systems. This enables you to eliminate the drawbacks of natural circulation in the system and enhance the heating dynamics of the system. In case you’re not into reading, there are plenty of videos available on this subject.

"Leningrad" open type

One characteristic that sets these systems apart is how all of its components are arranged in a specific order, usually following the curve of a private home’s exterior walls.

One "Leningradka" pipe with a radiator connection at the bottom

The boiler at the "heart" of this one-pipe system is connected to the first radiator via a riser. Coolant continuously seeps into the second battery from the first, then into the third and t.D. The coolant that travels along the opposite riser after the extreme radiator enters the boiler for heating and re-“cruise” in accordance with the heating system.

The coolant in the system expands in volume as it heats up. Excesses are replaced in an expansion tank concurrently. An expansion tank is a necessary component of the water heating system. It may be of the open type, using a nozzle in conjunction with ambient air. defines "open" as the type of system. The coolant from the tank enters the system again during cooling. The drain pipe’s purpose is to remove surplus coolant that has heated up too much.

An electric pump placed on a reverse riser in front of the boiler powers the single-pipe coolant circulation system shown in the diagram. Its presence helps a private (and even two-story) house warm up its entire system more quickly and causes the coolant’s temperature to change dynamically when the boiler’s operating mode is changed.

Water in the reverse riser is connected to the filter trunk water supply and ball crane for easy system filling. Additionally, there is a pipe with a crane to drain the system’s coolant.

Lower radiator connection on the private residence "Leningrad"

Ordinary radiators are used in the system (see photo). This version allows for the option of connecting radiators lower for water heating.

To remove air, a Maevsky crane is installed in each of them.

A private residence can also connect radiators diagonally sequentially for Leningradka.

For the purpose of evenly heating the radiators throughout their aircraft, this option is more "convenient."

One major disadvantage of the two radiator connection methods discussed above is that they do not allow for the individual adjustment of each radiator’s heat transfer. When they are connected below, this issue is resolved.

Each radiator is connected in parallel to the riser.

Each radiator in this scheme was connected to the riser in parallel. Every radiator has two ball valves installed on the input and output pipes, which enable the radiator to be disassembled and the coolant flow to be blocked if needed. Additionally, a needle-type crane is established on a riser parallel to the radiator, which in this instance serves as a bypas. The needle-type crane’s intensity is controlled by the coolant flow through a radiator that is designed to be playful.

Ultimately, when the water is fully open, it will not be motivated to rise against the force of gravity. It turns out that we can lower the radiator’s temperature by widening the opening of this kind of valve.

An image of a radiator connected diagonally to Leningradka

Additional circuit

A private home system may benefit from the use of a parallel additional circuit if its length and complexity are excessive. A crane of the needle type regulates the degree of heating, enabling you to smoothly alter the coolant flow throughout the system. The main opposite riser to the circulation pump should be connected to the mervice of an additional contour where the crane is situated.

Leningradka closed type

A closed system that is comparable is the pipe system, which is isolated from the "atmosphere." Here, the membrane type expansion tank is already in use, allowing you to build up excess pressure within the system. It is typically low, typically between 1.5 atm (cm. boiler parameters). A security group equipped with pressure gauges, a safety valve, and an air carrier is necessary in such a scheme. For a two-story house, this kind of layout is very practical.

Leningradka closed-type scheme

The features of the system seen

You can agree that Leningrad has certain useful advantages after studying typical schemes of such heating systems, which support a number of favorable reviews. She

• It is quite easy to install with your own hands;
• reliable in operation (with proper design);
• does not require expensive equipment;
• allows an individual change in the degree of heating of radiators;
• available and functional for a two -story house;
• allows partially “hide” the trunk risers to the floor;
• With competent calculation and installation, it can work as a system with natural circulation of the coolant .

Additionally, there are the drawbacks:

• uneven heating of the initial and extreme radiators in the sequential chain;
• the impossibility of connecting to the horizontal system of heated towel rails or a warm floor system;
• In most cases, requires forced circulation of the coolant (mandatory for a two -story building).

Some installation features

When building the system and completing it by hand, use the information from the Internet. Keep in mind that reading a lot of material and watching the video will increase your chances of finishing what has started. However, hiring a professional practitioner, at the very least, for consulting support, is the best way to organize heating on your own.

The number of their sections should be increased in order to guarantee the radiator chain’s extremes are heated to a high standard.

It is required to use pipes with a considerable diameter for the gravity version of the system. Additionally, the circuit’s overall length shouldn’t go over 30 meters.

The supply main pipe installation needs to be done beneath a slight slope. Since the radiators are positioned at the same height, the room’s "geometry" is not altered in any way.

Leningradka’s vertical wiring and a lengthy "horizontal" will inevitably need to be added to the circulation pump system.

When doing an installation by hand, keep in mind that the floor’s supply pipe needs to be warmed using heat-insulating roller materials. This will prevent the "underground" space from overheating and save you a substantial amount of money while the system is operating.

Photo of a needle-style crane

Cranes in the shape of balls

Only needle-type taps should be used as shut-off valves on bypasses and additional circuits within the system. They have the ability to easily modify the fluid flow through them. Since ball valves aren’t meant for "half-open" operation, using them in this situation is inappropriate. They can be totally open or closed. Their prolonged performance is only retained in these two positions. The network has a sufficient amount of videos on this subject.

To wrap up a lengthy digression, we would like to point out that a single-pipe "Leningrad" has been tried and tested for decades. A contemporary "upgrade" featuring a circulating pump and regulatory bypass cranes enables you to benefit from the true simplicity and low cost of a more sophisticated heating system. You can install it correctly with your own hands and enjoy the warmth and coziness of your own home during the winter months.

The most popular heating system of Leningradka

The Leningrad heating system, named after its initial installation and testing, was invented by unidentified plumbers and is regarded as one of the most straightforward yet brilliant inventions. St. Petersburg hosted the system’s real-world verification. Customers valued its ease of use, dependability, and high maintainability. The well-liked Leningrad heating system has found use in heating private homes because it requires little in the way of installation materials.

A minimal amount of supplies and machinery are needed for Leningradka installation:

• boiler;
• expansion tank;
• heating batteries;
• Pipes.

1. ball valves;
2. thermostatic valves;
3. valves;
4. Bypas.

Wiring options and the principle of action

A straightforward Leningrad heating system makes use of the special qualities of liquids, which soften and rise to a radiator when heated. In a one-story home, pipes are typically installed at floor level or beneath the floors to form the building’s perimeter. An extra heat source called hot pipe helps to heat the space more evenly. Therefore, freezing of areas away from radiators is not included. When properly calculated and installed, a single-pipe Leningrad heating system is sufficient for heating private homes and cottages.

The simplest one-pipe wiring scheme is being modernized by heating Leningrad, in theory. All radiators in a single-pipe system are connected in turn, and the coolant from the last battery is recycled back into the boiler for further heating. The system is extremely antiquated, and its primary flaw is the radiators’ uneven heating along the coolant’s path. The second disadvantage is that you have to turn off the heating system in order to replace or fix any radiator.

The uneven heating is negligible with a small number of radiators (no more than 5) if the system is installed as closed with a circulation pump. One-pipe plan. Larger diameter pipes can be used in conjunction with an open expansion tank to function as a gravitational force.

Modernized one -pipe scheme of Leningradka

How the batteries are connected to the supply pipe defines a single-pipe heating system with mandatory Leningrad circulation. In the direction that hot water moves through the pipe, radiators are cut parallel to it. The lower battery pipe is connected after the top of the radiator, though the lower connection can also be used. Lower connection: this is where the radiator’s input and output pipes are situated. Heating devices are uniformly heated by the coolant moving at a sufficient speed in the supply pipe. Thus, the heating system in a private residence in Leningrad is an easy-to-use and dependable one.

Additional heating is provided by the supply pipeline, which is positioned around the outside of the structure.

Convectors hidden in niches under large windows can be connected if needed. With the convector positioned horizontally, a unique pipe insert must be made in order for water to enter it during installation. It is welded into the supply pipe after being cut at a 45-degree angle. A portion of the water from the supply pipe branches off and enters the convector, creating resistance to the run-up stream.

Vertical one -pipe heating scheme

A vertical wiring scheme is used in multi-story buildings. After being exposed to the attic, the supply pipe is insulated. The supply pipe is lowered to reveal diting pipes. The floors’ batteries are connected in a particular order. It’s crucial that the radiators are positioned precisely in one vertical orientation during installation.

There are occasions when radiators on different floors are connected in parallel. The battery connection and the supply pipe are connected in parallel at the same time. The battery outputs are connected in parallel to a different pipe that is lowered and connected to the "Reverse" pipe. The components of the two-pipe system are distinguishable in this instance. This is a hybrid plan.

Leningrad diagram with natural circulation

A single-pipe heating system with natural circulation of Leningrad, in which water moves due to gravity, can be useful for small homes and cottages. Large enough diameter pipes must be used in order to arrange such a system. The increased volume of coolant and the bigger diameter of the supply pipe will lessen the hydraulic resistance and the uneven heating of the radiators. A second source of heat is provided by the pipe that is positioned around the outside of the space. It is essential to install pipes by following their inclination in the coolant’s direction of movement.

A straightforward and dependable heating system is easy to install and maintain. It is simple to update. It becomes feasible to change or fix batteries while installing bypasses, cranes, and valves without having to shut down the system. Following modernization, the Leningrad scheme permits the installation of the preferred temperature and the modification of the radiator return in various rooms.

Knowing the Leningrad heating scheme with forced circulation is essential when it comes to home insulation and heating. This system uses a technique that involves hot water circulating through pipes in order to efficiently distribute heat. Forced circulation uses pumps to force hot water through the system, as opposed to natural circulation, which depends on density differences to move water. This method guarantees uniform heating in the entire house, even in bigger or multi-story structures. Understanding this plan will enable homeowners to make well-informed decisions regarding their heating systems, maximizing comfort and efficiency while lowering expenses and energy usage.

Requirements for boilers

Any kind of boiler can be used with the above-described heating scheme. The old-fashioned way of heating the house with coal or carbon briquettes is employed if there is no trunk gas pipeline, gas in the cylinders of the roads, and no desire to use electricity due to its high cost. The house will be comfortably heated and the coolant will be effectively heated by burning coal in high-efficiency modern boilers.

Before purchasing coal to heat a private residence, there are certain things to be aware of. Purchasing brown coal, stone, or anthracite is advised by many experts. Ordering and delivery are usually hassle-free, and you can place any size order online. Peat briquettes are an alternative fuel that can be used for heating; however, their cost varies depending on the season and needs to be made clear.

Fuel briquettes for heating boilers

Apart from traditional coal and coal briquettes, there are now different types of heating briquettes available, each with a different price, so it’s important to know before you buy. Briquettes are manufactured from waste wood, peat, and sunflower. Popular heating briquettes have received a great deal of positive feedback.

Compressed and dried peat is used to make briquettes. It turns out that using small, compact tiles is convenient. Burning whole logs is frowned upon worldwide; it is far preferable to use the waste products and compress them instead. The ability to convert any combustible waste into heating briquettes has already been acquired. The benefits of this fuel type include high heat transfer, prolonged burning, and ease of transportation.

There are many benefits to home insulation and heating when a Leningrad heating scheme with forced circulation is put into place. This system makes sure that heat is distributed evenly throughout the house by using a network of pipes and a pump to circulate hot water efficiently. This means that there won’t be any cold spots or inconsistent temperatures, offering constant warmth for the utmost in comfort.

The energy efficiency of this heating scheme is one of its main advantages. It minimizes heat loss, lowers energy consumption, and eventually lowers heating bills by constantly circulating hot water. By saving energy, this not only helps homeowners monetarily but also advances sustainability efforts.

The flexibility to alter the heating zones in the house is an additional benefit. Forced circulation makes it simpler to regulate the hot water flow to various locations, enabling each room to have a customized level of comfort. This adaptability makes sure that energy isn’t lost heating unoccupied areas, which increases efficiency even more.

In addition, compared to conventional heating systems, the Leningrad heating scheme with forced circulation offers better durability and dependability. Less chance of malfunctions and breakdowns results from having fewer moving parts and a simpler design, which lowers maintenance costs and provides hassle-free operation.

In conclusion, homeowners wishing to improve the comfort, effectiveness, and dependability of their home heating systems would be wise to consider implementing a Leningrad heating scheme with forced circulation. This system offers a contemporary solution for efficient home heating and insulation thanks to its even heat distribution, energy-saving features, adjustable zoning, and sturdy construction.