How to plaster the oven so that it does not crack

How can I plaster the oven to prevent cracking from normal use? This query comes up for homeowners who have recently purchased this type of heating equipment as well as in situations where it is time to fix a long-standing furnace.

How to plaster the oven to prevent chipping

It should be mentioned that violations of the plastering process’s technology, the surface’s preparation for applying the finish, and incorrect solution preparation are the main causes of cracking.

Traditional sand-clay solutions and professionally prepared plastering mixtures, which are readily available in any construction or profile store today, are used to plaster the furnace’s brick walls.

Ready-to-use plaster mixture for furnaces

However, plaster of any kind must satisfy a number of standards, including high adhesion, heat resistance, and a sufficient response to the expansion of wall material under heat.

Why even plaster the stove?

When and why will the stoves be plastered? The answer to this question is just as important as the answer to the previous one because, once you know it, you can decide whether to finish the stove or not, or even use chamotte or ceramic tiles to adorn the walls instead.

Russian stove, painted white and plated

Plaster wall decoration is necessary for the following reasons:

• If the stove was old and previously was plastered, but for some reason the finish cracked and began to fall off, and underneath was discovered inaccurate masonry.
• If the furnace is old and there is a risk of cracking a pantry in the seams and the penetration of carbon monoxide into the room.
• If there is a need to transform this structure, giving it accuracy and aesthetics, for example, when updating the entire interior and changing the style of its design.
• Over time, various insects can settle in the seams between the rows of brick, especially in cases where the furnace for laying was carried out on the travel materials. Timely processing and plastering will help prevent their appearance.
• If the furnace is only erected, but the masonry is done inaccurately, without embroidery, and the structure does not look aesthetically aesthetically pleasing, it is plaster to fix this position.

Plaster has the following advantages over other finishing materials:

• It should be noted that the plastering of the furnace is the most affordable and simple way to put the furnace surface in order.
• Having chosen plastering for wall decoration, you can save decently, since there is a chip on ceramic tiles or stove tiles several orders of magnitude higher than for a plastering mixture.
• Plastering can be applied to any of the existing types of furnaces, and both for the restoration of the old furnace and for the decoration of the newly built.
• The plaster increases the thickness of the wall, which increases the heat capacity of the structure and leads to fuel saving, since the bake cools longer.
• Plaster increases the fire safety level and reduces the possibility of penetrating carbon monoxide into the room.
• The plastered surface can be covered with water -based paint, whitewashing or decorative plasters.

Work tools for work

Adhesion of materials and long-term operation are directly impacted by the quality of plaster application and its even distribution across the furnace walls. The following high-quality tools must be used during the plastering process in order for it to go smoothly and produce the desired outcome:

Plastering tools

• Spatulas – from an average solution from a container from a container to the wide, used to apply it to the wall.
• Plastered hammer used to score plaster nails.
• Trowel (kelma) for applying and distributing the solution on the stoves.
• A hammer-used hammer used to work with a chisel, a triang and a gear.
• Normal scissors for cutting fiberglass grid. If the walls are tightened with a net grid, then the scissors for metal will also be required.
• Grater and half ate . These tools are aligned and smoothed out of plastered surfaces.
• The ironer is used to bring the surface to perfect smoothness.
• Chisel. Using this tool, notches are made on the surface of the walls of the furnace for better adhesion of materials.
• Brushes of different sizes for applying soil compositions, and when using some techniques – both plaster itself and to give it a textured surface, if it is provided.
• Brush with metal bristles – for cleaning surfaces and seams, when removing the old plaster.
• The construction level for checking the verticality and horizontalness of planes.
• The plumb line is used to control the evenness of the walls and applied plaster.
• The rule helps to align the plaster applied to the walls according to the beacons installed on them.

Types of plaster solutions

The plastered layer should serve as a symbol for the ongoing temperature differential that the stove experiences, as you are aware. This must be considered when choosing the material proportions and independently assembling the solution.

The plaster solution’s composition is the most crucial factor.

Mixtures of plaster are both basic and intricate.

• Simple compositions consisting of two ingredients – clay and sand.
• Complex solutions are those that have more than two components in their composition.

Prior to the mixture’s creation, a few of the materials need to be cleaned of various impurities.

• The sand should be sifted through a small sieve.
• The clay is also wiped through a small metal mesh, turning it into powder and freeing it from the roots of plants and small stones.

Enough fat is chosen in the clay when making a plaster mixture because it directly affects the plaster’s adhesion to the wall. If the excessive fat content of the clay is apparent, the solution can be thinned out with a little more sand.

Clay is soaked and mixed with water prior to kneading the solution. It is then left for a few hours. If all of the water was absorbed during this time, more liquids were added, and so on, until 100 to 150 mm of water covered the clay above. The mixture is then mixed; it needs to be fairly plastic and have the consistency of thick sour cream.

Form -resistant plaster prices

stucco for stoves and fireplaces

Video: Tips for proper soaking clay for the solution

The reinforcing element in the solution is asbestos, which is added to it. Hemp, finely chopped straw, or chopped fiberglass (microfiber) can be used in place of asbestos.

It should be noted that when choosing materials for plaster compositions, it is preferable to use natural, eco-friendly options because heated materials won’t separate dangerous vapors that could be harmful to the occupants’ health.

Due to the fact that salt strengthens the solution, some masters add it to the mixture. This is not entirely accurate, though. While salt doesn’t harden clay, it does make it more pliable and keeps it from drying out, which reduces plaster cracking. Additionally, salt plaster prevents the growth of various insects, which is crucial for private homes.

Several recipes for stucco plaster solutions for furnaces are displayed below the table.

Composition number	Clay	Sand	A flooded asbestos	Lime	Cement	Gypsum
1	1	2	0.1	–	–	–
2	1	2	0.1	1	–	–
3	1	2	0.1	–	1	–
4	1	1	0.2	2	–	1
5	1	1	0.2	2	–	–
6	–	1	0.1	2	–	1

It is necessary to discuss materials like gypsum separately because they are a part of some plaster solutions. For instance, mixture No. 4 uses it as a fastening material in place of cement. Gypsum sets almost instantly on the wall after application, and the plaster layer will begin to freeze in 10 to 15 minutes. Gypsum freezes extremely quickly.

This construction material is frequently combined with lime because it strengthens the solution and speeds up the drying process. After choosing a solution that includes gypsum, you must consider its characteristics and only prepare small amounts of the mixture; otherwise, it will freeze and become unfit for use. Unambiguously breeding water to extend her "life" at least temporarily will not work.

Putting the stove with our own hands

Preparatory work

If the wall surfaces are not properly prepared before finishing material is applied, plastering will not be of a high caliber. Thus, the initial stage entails carrying out preparatory work that will foster favorable conditions for the plastering solution to adhere to.

• If an old stove or fireplace is put in order, then its surface must be released from the plaster available on it, knocking it off by hand with a chisel and a hammer. After the liberation of the walls from the old layer, they are well cleaned of dust – this Price of the SS PR is convicted by an iron and ordinary brush .
• Fresh laying of the furnace is also necessarily cleaned, since the remains of the masonry material that will reduce the adhesion may linger on the bricks, which will lead to a lag in the plaster from the wall.
• Next, the seams are depressed, and this one is carried out for both the new stove and for the restored. A dry solution of seams is selected by 5 ÷ 10 mm. Then the seams are well cleaned of dust.
• After cleaning, the walls are well primed, and it is necessary to cover buried seams with a thin brush with a thin brush.

Painting the furnace’s walls with primer

• Sometimes you have to apply several layers of plaster – such a need arises if the walls of the furnace are very uneven. This method of plastering requires additional strengthening the surface of a metal or fiberglass mesh with cells of 15 ÷ 20 mm. Reinforcement will consolidate the plaster well on the walls, make it less vulnerable to the temperature difference. In addition, the thicker layer will increase the heat capacity of the furnace. The metal mesh is attached to the surface with nails with wide hats, which are driven into the seams between bricks.

Mesh reinforcement on the furnace’s exterior

• The fiberglass mesh is shed in a mixture carried on the wall, or the solution is applied to the grid on top, leveling it. Fiberglass is mainly used if the surface is sufficiently flat.

Making use of fiberglass grid

• To preserve or restore the evenness of the corners of the furnace, steel or perforated aluminum corners are mounted on the adhesive mass.

It will be easier to precisely remove corners with metal profiles.

• In order to achieve the evenness of the wall with large differences, on the top of the reinforcing mesh, beacons of metal profiles are exhibited, fixed on the surface with a gypsum mixture, which quickly dries, which practically does not slow down the work. If time suffers, then the beacons can also be put on a clay solution. But this method is possible if the net will fit close to the wall.

Guides are used to apply a thick layer of plaster if needed.-Sodaiki

• The walls of the furnace can be leveled to perfect smoothness under whitewashing or painting, or you can leave the surface even, but rough, to cover it with decorative embossed plaster. It should be noted that it is recommended to apply not a too thick preparatory finishing layer under the masonry of ceramic tiles or decorative plaster.

A variety of additives and finished compositions are available to help replicate the natural stone of various breeds. In this instance, the surface of the furnace won’t be able to be distinguished from natural material once the solution has been properly combined.

A recipe for creating decorative plaster solutions is included in the table.

Component sucking decorative plasters imitating the texture of natural stone, in parts in volume
Material	White marble	Yellow marble	Red marble	Gray granite	Labradite
Portland cement M400	1	1	1	1	1
Lime dough	0.2	0.15	0.1	0.1	–
Marble flour	0.1	0.05	0.1	0.1	–
Marble crumbs up to 6 mm size	3	3	3	3	3
Mica (from cement volume)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paint (from cement volume), %	–	Security 3 ÷ 5	Iron Swurik 5 ÷ 10	Manganese peroxide 1 ÷ 5	Manganese peroxide 6 ÷ 8

Preparation of a plaster mixture

One of the elements that determines high-quality furnace plastering is the solution that is well-composed and in the right amount. A drill and a mixer nozzle are required to knead the mixture.

Using a mixer nozzle to knock the solution

Prior to beginning the preparation process, consider the following:

• Soaked clay, if it is used in the solution, should swell at least two ÷ three days. If, having stood this time, she continues to absorb water, then she is not ready for kneading and should, adding to her more water, leave it for a while.
• Sand added to the solution should not only be sifted, but also dried – this will help in the correct maintenance of proportions when compiling the mixture.
• A good plasticizer of the solution will be lime – its viscosity will make a mixture of a more adhesive . In addition, it will help the solution quickly grab the solution, which will reduce the duration of the work. In principle, a small amount is recommended to add to the mixtures consisting of any ingredients.
• The most suitable of the brands of cement is M400. He begins to harden 17 ÷ 20 minutes after kneading, grasps after 3.5 ÷ 4 hours, and its final hardening and setting set occurs after two and three days.

You can find ready mixes and premium clay in building supply stores.

It is not difficult to cook if the finished dry mix is purchased:

• Water is poured into a clean container, suitable size.
• Then a powder is filled into the container, the proportions of which are indicated in relation to water on the package.
• The mixer solution is kneaded until a homogeneous mass is formed without lumps and dry interspersed.
• The solution is maintained for 7 ÷ 10 minutes, then mixed again, and after that it is ready for use.

If the plastering solution is made on its own with conventional materials, the SS Price is likely to be as follows:

• The desired amount of clay mass is laid out in the container. It is added to it in accordance with the indicated proportions of dry sand, fierce lime and cement.
• The mixture is mixed with a mixer also until a homogeneous state. If necessary, a small amount of water is added to the solution during kneading.

This solution is applied right away because lime-infused cement grabs fairly quickly.

The process of plastering

Plastering can be done in a variety of ways, some of which will be discussed below. This was mentioned above.

The first way

This technique involves applying a layer with a thickness of 50 to 80 mm and calls for radical alignment in cases where the surface has significant distortions.

• In this embodiment, the first steps are assigned aligning beacons. They are set according to the construction level, achieving perfect evenness.

• After that, the stove is heated to a warm state.
• Further, the entire surface of the furnace is wetted with water using a wide brush or roller. Water will score particles of dust and dry solution in the seams.
• After that, the walls are primed. The primer layer must dry, creating a layer that will contribute to the adhesion of the surface and the applied materials.

Illustration of the fix, or "spray"

• Further, by “spraying” (sketches), the first plaster layer is applied, which should not be thicker than 4 ÷ 5 mm. The solution for this layer must have a consistency of sour cream of medium fluid. The mixture is applied with focused movements, since the solution should enter the seams between the masonry rows. After completing the sketch, the solution is allowed to dry well.
• After it dries, the next layer is applied, which should protrude over the installed beacons, 8 ÷ 10 mm. The solution is applied from the lower part of the wall, approximately 400 ÷ 500 mm, and immediately aligned with the rule that is carried out according to the lighthouses. Further, the solution is pounced to the next section and is aligned again and so on, until the entire surface is covered with a leveling plaster layer.

Plaster alignment determined by lighthouses

• While the mixture is still moist, it is carefully undercurrent by grouting, grinding the surface.

One technique used by the stovers helps the plaster layer to dry uniformly, lowering the possibility of surface cracks. Following the application of a solution and grinding, a damp burlap is placed over the entire furnace. It is moistened twice more if it dries out quickly.

Вогда поверхность просохнет, рогожу снимают, и если трещинки обнаруѶатся, их сразу же затирают и заглаживают гладилкой с резиновой поверхностью.

• The third layer – “covering”, is smoothing, so the solution for it is made quite liquid and applied with a thickness of only 1.5 ÷ 2 mm. This layer is applied if the surface of the furnace is covered with paint or whitewashing.
• Difficulty always occurs when the angles are removed, even if they are strengthened by metal corners. The easiest way to apply a solution to them evenly and align well is to use a corner spatula.

Tasks will become easier if you have a corner spatula nearby.

Prices for corner spatulas

Corner spatula

A wooden rail is fixed from one side of the angle by some masters in order to remove the angle. Once the solution has dried, the rail is moved to the other side of the angle and the mixture is applied to the side where the guide was previously installed.

• It is recommended to twist the very edge of the corner, which can be achieved when using an angular spatula. This must be done, first of all, for the safety of young children living in the house. Also, the rounded angle is less susceptible to chips, for example, during the repair and movement of furniture.

The second method

A metal grid is used to reinforce the furnace’s surface and determine the plastering coating’s thickness when arranging the furnace in this manner.

Using a net grid for plastering

The surface is leveled and pushed away from the wall to a maximum distance of 25 mm in the appropriate locations using a metal mesh. It is given stiffness by placing a wire underneath it, which can be hooked by the metal rails or the grid.

This method also involves applying the plastering mixture in multiple layers until the grid underneath it is fully closed.

When such reinforcement is used, the finish is firmly adhered to the surface and is more resilient.

• The first layer is also applied by the “spray” method – the solution should go through the grid and gain a well on the wall. Spraying in the surface of the surface, the walls are left to dry. After drying them, the net will become motionless, and it will easily apply the following, already aligning layers of the solution.
• After aligning and drying the upper, last layer, the cracks formed are smeared and shut up.
• The next step is the installation of a decorative coating.

The third way

If the stove’s walls are level and just require a minor "refresh," the third plastering technique is applied.

Applying a thin layer of plaster

Using a maximum thickness of 2 ÷ 3 mm, the solution is applied in one or two layers for this method.

• The wall is also prepared and primed.
• Then, if necessary, thin metal-controls are fixed on it, which will help to navigate in the thickness of the layer. Reiki may not be used if the surface is even and there is no need for them.
• With this method of finishing, it is best to use a solution with the addition of chamotis clay and chopped asbestos, which will play the role of a reinforcing component.
• The mixture is applied, starting from the bottom of the furnace, with the help of a wide spatula, and immediately leveled by the rule for metal rails. If the beacons are not used, then the solution is smoothed, focusing only on the smoothness of the surface.
• The angles are excreted in this case also using an angular spatula.
• Когда стенки печи будут полностью покрыты раствором, их аккуратно, без нажима выравнивают начисто затиркой.

When applying a decorative relief plaster and ceramic or chamotum tiles to a finish like this, it works well.

Decorative design of the furnace

There is a decorative furnace decoration to suit every taste. If the plaster is level, whitewashing can be applied to the furnace; this is a traditional method because it has been applied for a long time. Water-based paints were frequently used for whitewashing, giving the buildings a distinct character and highlighting national customs. Most often, ornaments typical of the neighborhood in which the building is situated were chosen.

You can use decorative tiles or simple ornaments to adorn the plastered furnace.

With the development of new materials and technologies, stoves are now frequently adorned with plasters that can imitate a uniform relief structure or one of the stone’s rocks on their surface.

There are additional components to volumetric drawings; in this instance, everything is based on the master’s imagination. Improvised objects, such as plastic film, brushes, dishwashing mesh, and other materials or accessories, are frequently used in their creation.

Different methods for relieving plaster

If one has an artistic disposition, they can use decorative plaster to make embossed compositions that extend 7 to 10 mm outside the furnace walls, which can then be covered in coloring compositions. Paints are applied in a manner similar to that of a humid decorative plaster; as a result, they are thoroughly absorbed into the surface and gain durability. Staining can be done again after the surface has completely dried.

Often, heat-resistant ceramic tiles encase the entire furnace.

Apart from the ornamental plaster, the stove is frequently adorned with masonry made of ceramic or terracotta tiles. Its installation is made much easier by the angular decoration elements, which also allow for neat and beautiful corners and surfaces on all sides. The tile is affixed to a cement foundation using a unique adhesive composition that is resistant to temperature fluctuations.

Video: Purrender of the furnace followed by terracotta tiles

What to take into account, starting to plastering and decoration?

There are a few things to consider when plastering the furnace because they could have an impact on the final product’s quality.

Plaster cannot be applied to the recently constructed furnace design. In addition to being thoroughly dried, the "fresh" stove needs to go through the shrinkage stages. It operates for two to three months in order to accomplish this, and only then can you begin to wrap up your work.

The plastered surface can only be stained using paints that are water-based. When heated, additional coloring compounds that contain olifa or organic solvents will separate dangerous materials and offensive odors from residential spaces.

When plastering or decorating the furnace, it is advised to use materials found at a travel agency that don’t contain any artificial ingredients that could be harmful to people’s health.

It should be mentioned that none of the techniques discussed in the article are as easy to implement as they may appear. As a result, do not take any chances and do not translate enough, occasionally costly materials if you have no prior experience in this field. It is best to leave these responsible tasks to these experts, who have firsthand knowledge of the masonry’s secrets and the furnace’s subsequent decoration.

Afanasyev Evgeny, Chief Editor

28.08.2015 is the publication’s author.

When it comes to heating and insulating your house, it’s critical for both effectiveness and safety that the plaster in your oven doesn’t crack. A clean, dry surface is the first step in achieving this. Next, apply a suitable plaster mix in thin layers, letting each coat completely dry before applying the next. Cracks can be avoided by adding reinforcement, such as wire mesh, and minimizing the risk during the drying process by monitoring temperature and humidity levels. The plaster in your oven can last longer with regular care and avoid abrupt temperature changes, ensuring dependable insulation and heating for your house.

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