Particularly in the winter, insulation and heating are essential components of a functional and pleasant home environment. Not only does proper heating guarantee warmth, but it also saves money and uses less energy. In a similar vein, insulation is essential for preventing energy loss and maintaining heat within the home. This guide will cover useful advice and methods for maximizing the insulation and heating systems in your house to save energy costs and improve comfort.

An essential component of home energy management is being aware of the sources and uses of fuel. Even though conventional fuels like electricity, natural gas, and oil are frequently used for heating, looking into alternative options can have positive effects on the environment and the economy. Unconventional fuel production techniques, like producing gasoline from household gas and water, have gained popularity in recent years. Despite sounding like science fiction, this procedure is based on proven chemistry principles and is doable with the correct tools and understanding.

It’s important to understand the fundamentals of producing gasoline from household gas and water before getting into the specifics. The main fuel for internal combustion engines, gasoline is a liquid made mostly of hydrocarbons that is obtained from the refining of crude oil. It is made up of different types of hydrocarbons that burn to release energy, such as aromatic compounds, cycloalkanes, and alkanes. While the traditional source of gasoline is crude oil, alternative processes try to create comparable hydrocarbon compounds from different inputs, like water and household gas.

The idea behind producing gasoline from household gas and water is to use chemical reactions to synthesize hydrocarbons. Household gas, usually methane, provides carbon atoms, and water, which is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, can be a possible source of hydrogen atoms. Chemical reactions such as steam reforming and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can convert these raw materials into hydrocarbon compounds that bear a resemblance to gasoline. Even though there are multiple steps involved and certain catalysts and conditions need to be met, the process presents a viable way to turn easily accessible resources into usable fuel.

Self-production of gasoline

After learning about the process of oil distillation, you can see that producing fuel doesn’t require a plant or a lab. With a basic machine and little experience, it can be made at the dacha or anywhere else. Naturally, such gasoline will have poor quality at first and will need to be improved with a variety of additives.

• A hermetically sealed container with a gas venting tube. Any iron barrel with a tight lid and a welded outlet is suitable;
• An industrial thermometer that will monitor the temperature inside this vessel;
• Condenser – any container into which gas from the first one will flow during distillation;
• Distiller (an ordinary moonshine machine will do);
• Heating element – even a kitchen electric stove is suitable;
• The third container, which performs the function of a water seal;
• Oil or refinery waste (including old tires or waste oil).

Assembly of the unit

Now that all three containers are ready, assembly can begin. A gas discharge tube connects the first vessel, the retort, to the second vessel, the condenser. The distillation process uses this construction as its primary one. One of the two water shutoff tubes, which are both below the water’s surface, should be connected to the condenser vessel via a hose. The retort is set atop the furnace, which is connected to the second tube of the water seal. The distillation of petroleum products is possible with this closed design. Because gasoline vapors are explosive, the procedure should be done outside or in a space with a strong exhaust hood.

If you are unable to locate regular oil, substitute secondary products. This can include waste materials like old tires, used machine oil, and fuel. Naturally, the final fuel volume using such materials will be even less than 15% of the initial volume.

How to use the distillation apparatus

They put oil or its byproducts in the retort. The vessel is heated (a kitchen stove must always have electric burners; gas burners run the risk of igniting gasoline fumes). Condenser needs to be kept in a cool environment, around +5°C. In the event that this is not possible, ice must at the very least be placed over the pipe that connects the condenser and retort.

It is possible to get fuel that is quite appropriate.

Heat must be applied to the first container, ranging from 35 to 200 degrees Celsius. If the temperature rises above 200 degrees, it will not be gasoline but rather kerosene or diesel. The gas will enter the cooled second container through the tube. The gas condenses into a liquid, which is the raw material for gasoline. Heating causes its vapors to ascend above the oil products because they are lighter than other substances. Kerosene, petroleum oil, and other high-boiling compositions will continue to be present in the retort.

Gas, the primary component of gasoline, as well as methane (and, in smaller amounts, propane and butane) are produced during the device’s operation. For this reason, if a combustion system is being used, you will need a tube that either vents the hydrocarbon gases or directs them to the furnace.

The first process residue needs to be heated to 450 degrees Celsius in an airtight container with thick walls in order to extract more liquid. Petroleum products’ heavier constituents will break down, yielding a material that can be distilled once more. This method is a condensed form of the industrial process known as cracking.

Increase of octane number

Gasoline is technically the liquid that is produced in the condenser. It is unfit for use as fuel due to its low octane number. Therefore, additives should be added to gasoline direct distillation (even tetraethyl lead is suitable in small quantities needed for one car’s operation; it’s not dangerous). The resultant gasoline is safe to use for the intended purpose, but it is probably not recommended for cars with sensitive fuel systems because the low octane number and impurities will simply damage a pricey car.

Regarding usage in straightforward vehicles with unassuming fuel systems, homemade gasoline is ideal. Don’t try this on delicate machinery as it takes trial and error to get the octane number up to the desired indicator.

The process for obtaining kerosene and diesel fuel separately is exactly the same, with the exception of the retort’s heating temperature. 350 and 300 degrees Celsius are needed for these fuel types, respectively.

Principle and operation of the apparatus for making gasoline from water and household gas

The "Water Inlet" is where tap water is connected. From there, some water is directed (via a tap) to the mixer and some goes into the refrigerator (via a separate tap), where it cools the gasoline condensate and synthesis gas (Fig. 2). 1.

Rice. 1. Schematic diagram of a plant for obtaining gasoline from the household gas and water at home: 1 – mixer; 2 – reactor №1, where synthesis gas is formed; 3 – refrigerator; 4 – compressor; 5 – reactor №2, where synthesis gasoline is formed; 6 – condenser, where ready synthesis gasoline is accumulated; T – thermometer; P – pressure gauge; K – taps.

Domestic natural gas connected to the "Gas Inlet" pipeline is fed to the same mixer. Since the temperature in the mixer is 100…120°C (the mixer is heated with a burner), a heated mixture of gas and water vapor is formed in the mixer, which from the mixer enters reactor No. 1. The latter is filled with catalyst No. 1 consisting of 25% nickel and 75% aluminum (in the form of chips or grains, industrial grade GIAL-16). In the heated by the burner reactor number 1 under the influence of high temperature (from 500 ° C and above) is formed synthesis gas. The heated synthesis gas is further cooled in the refrigerator to at least 30…40°C. After the refrigerator cooled synthesis gas is compressed in a compressor, which is suitable compressor from any household or industrial refrigerator. Then the synthesis gas compressed to the pressure of 5…50 atmospheres goes to the reactor No. 2 filled with catalyst No. 2 (SNM-1 grade) consisting of copper (80%) and zinc (20%) chips. In this reactor #2, which is the main unit of the apparatus, synthesis gasoline vapor is formed. The temperature in the reactor should not exceed 270°C. Since there is no temperature control in the reactor, it is necessary that the compressed synthesis gas entering the reactor already has an appropriate temperature, which is achieved in the cooler by controlling the flow rate of cooling water with a tap. The temperature in the reactor is controlled by a thermometer

Although it is possible to keep the temperature even lower, it is preferred to keep it between 200 and 250°С.

Both the unreacted synthesis gas and gasoline vapor exit the reactor and travel to the same refrigerator, where the gasoline vapor condenses. Subsequently, the unreacted synthesis gas and condensate are released into the condenser, which collects ready gas and then drains it into a container.

A pressure gauge installed in the condenser is used to control the pressure in it, which is maintained within 5…10 atmospheres or more, mainly by means of a tap tapped into a "pipe" designed to take unreacted synthesis gas from the condenser back to the mixer for recirculation. The tap for draining gasoline from the condenser is adjusted so that pure liquid gasoline without gas comes out of the condenser at all times. At the same time it will be better if the level of gasoline in the condenser increases slightly during operation rather than decreases. But the most optimal case is when the level of gasoline in the condenser remains constant (the position of the level can be checked by means of a glass built into the condenser wall or by some other means). The tap regulating water flow into the mixer is set in such a position that there is no gas in the obtained gasoline.

Figs. 2–6 depict the basic layouts of the plant’s major components.

Fig. 2. Mixer design: D – outside diameter; L – height.

Fig. 3. Construction of reactor No.1: D – outside diameter; L – height.

Fig. 4. Design of cooler No.1: D – outside diameter; L – height.

Fig. 5. Refrigerator design No.2: D – outside diameter; L – height.

Fig. 6. Condenser design: D – outside diameter; L – height.

How to produce gasoline at home instructions

You know, my grandfather could have easily and simply made gasoline fuel at home! All due to the moonshine apparatus being perfectly suited for this occasion. The only remaining task is to locate crude oil someplace!

Thus, the procedure is as follows:

• We are looking for an airtight container, there must be a gas pipe on top, which will go to another container. There should also be a high-temperature thermometer, which will control the temperature inside.
• Now we pour oil into the first container, put it on heating (you can even gas, but it is explosive, because we get gasoline), it is better to use the electric version. The second container put in a cold room, about + 5 degrees, if this is not possible then the tube that goes to the container put in the cold, even ice from the refrigerator cover it.
• In the first container we start heating, and as we have already disassembled above we have enough temperature in 35 – 200 degrees to light fractions (gasoline), began to vaporize. Usually it"s already 100 to 120 degrees. We heat and as we have through the tube vapors enter the cold container or tube, they condense – precipitate into a liquid state, in a second container.

Our fuel is prepared! This is essentially an oil distillation process done directly. It will, however, have a low octane number—roughly 50 to 60 units—and you will need to add additives, such as alcohols, alkyls, and esters, in order to use it. We will obtain the necessary 92–95 indicator in this manner. Naturally, attempting this at home can be challenging, but with some trial and error, you can come up with a fairly effective formula. To tell the truth, "three kopecks" is as simple as the direct distillation process.

By the way, we already obtain diesel and kerosene if we heat the remaining fractions to a higher temperature (above 300 or 350 degrees Celsius).

For those who are too indolent to read, here is a quick video.

That’s all there is to it; I hope you enjoy reading and watching our AUTOBLOG.

Creating gasoline from water and household gas at home sounds like a tempting idea, but it"s important to approach it with caution and skepticism. While the concept might seem intriguing, it"s crucial to understand that such a process isn"t feasible or safe for DIY enthusiasts. Converting water and household gas into gasoline involves complex chemical reactions and specialized equipment that require professional expertise and careful handling to avoid serious risks like explosions or toxic emissions. Moreover, attempting such experiments without proper knowledge and regulatory compliance can lead to legal consequences. Therefore, it"s advisable to stick to safer and more practical methods for fuel sourcing and focus on energy-efficient practices like heating and insulation for home improvement projects.

Reforming

A sophisticated method that yields aromatic hydrocarbons and premium gasoline and other fuels. Although the concept is complicated, it works as follows: chemical reactions break down oil into its component parts, eliminating certain compounds and lowering the mixture’s water content to create fuel.

1. High efficiency – gasoline output is up to 40-50% of the original volume of oil. It"s on average three times more efficient than distillation. Thus, about 80 liters of fuel is obtained from a barrel, which allows for more rational use of oil limited in quantity.
2. Higher octane number, reaching 80 units. Of course, such gasoline cannot be used immediately, but it requires less additives, which allows to reduce production costs and make the gasoline more qualitative and "natural".

Experts in oil treatment today are working toward the goal of completely giving up the use of additives. Technologies like cracking, platforming, and others are being developed for this reason.

There is just one drawback to the method when it comes to independently producing gasoline. Due to the complexity of this process, careful planning, equipment, and knowledge are needed.

Obtaining gasoline from rubber tires with your own hands

Petroleum is a naturally occurring flammable liquid that primarily consists of hydrocarbons, but also includes some other organic compounds. Refineries are responsible for producing gasoline from crude oil that is extracted from the ground, but it is an interesting experiment to try producing small amounts of gasoline at home.

Rubber tires are another substance that can be utilized to create gasoline.

To accomplish this, you’ll need:

• 3 fireproof containers;
• Rubber waste;
• Distiller;
• Furnace.

Keep children away. Having prepared a container with a tightly closing lid it is necessary to connect a heat-resistant tube. This will be our retort. For the condenser we can use any container, and in order to make a water shutter, it is necessary to find a strong vessel with two tubes. It is necessary to assemble this device for liquid hydrocarbons, connect the pipe, from the lid of the retort, with the condenser, and insert the hose The second end of it we connect with the tube of the water shutter. Connect the second tube of the gate to the furnace and put the retort on it. We have a closed system for the production of high-temperature pyrolysis. All we have to do is load the rubber tires and wait for the gasoline to come out.

The main quality characteristics of gasolines

The primary metric defining the quality of gasoline fuel is its octane number, indicating the fuel’s resistance to detonation.

Stated differently, detonation processes can be characterized as follows: In the engine’s combustion chamber, a fuel-air mixture forms, and a flame that spreads at an incredible rate—between 1.5 and 2.5 thousand meters per second—occurs. If the pressure value during this ignition process is too high, more peroxides form, increasing the explosive force (detonation), which has a very detrimental effect on the piston group’s condition.

Currently, gasolines with an octane number of 92, 95, or 98 units are the most popular.

It is important to note that engine malfunctions as well as poor fuel quality can cause detonation processes in the engine during operation. Detonation may result from a number of issues, including an incorrectly set ignition, a lean fuel mixture, overheating, fuel system fouling, and other malfunctions.

The octane number is raised by adding a variety of additives.

Alkyls, esters, alcohols, and additives that make fuel more resistant to freezing can be among them. Tetraethyl lead, which was effective at increasing octane numbers but detrimental to the ecology of our surroundings, was the most widely used additive in the past. As it settled in human lungs, the risk of cancer rose dramatically. These days, the use of environmentally friendly additives has all but stopped.

How gasoline is made

A certain amount of crude oil operations must be completed in order to produce fuel. It all comes down to the initial product’s composition, which is a blend of various hydrocarbons.

It’s also critical to understand that this substance’s molecules differ in the precise number of carbon atoms they contain. To put it simply, the weight and height of each of these molecules are unique.

It is necessary to heat crude oil until the more complex and heavier particles break down to simpler ones, or gasoline molecules, which are the lightest and simplest particles. Put another way, the answer to the question of how gasoline is made is that it is produced by heating crude oil. It is worthwhile to include a few more small steps in this process, such as purification and refining.

Basic properties of gasoline

The chemical makeup of gasoline, along with its capacity for evaporation, combustion, and ignition, are among its primary attributes. Furthermore, it is still possible to highlight corrosion activity and detonation resistance.

It is crucial to understand that the type and quantity of hydrocarbons present in gasoline fuel will affect all of its physical and chemical characteristics. The freezing point of gasoline can serve as a basis for a more illustrative example.

This liquid has a freezing point of -60 degrees Celsius during regular processing. But when more parts are added, this number can drop as low as -71 degrees Celsius. In contrast, the temperature at which gasoline vaporizes is 30 degrees Celsius. The vaporization will occur more quickly the higher this figure rises. It’s also crucial to remember that an explosive mixture will already be formed when the fuel vapor content rises from 74 grams to 123 grams or more per cubic meter.

FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

The reductive oligomerization of carbon monoxide as a result of a sophisticated series of reactions is known as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and it takes the general form of the following:CnH2n+2 + nH2O = nCO + (2n+1)H2;… (Reaction 2) CnH2n + nCO2 = 2nCO + nH2

The composition of the final products depends on the catalyst, temperature, and CO to H2 ratio.
A metal-oxide catalyst produces methanol with an admixture of ethanol and dimethyl ether. This is the main process for producing
methanol in the world, the typical capacity of methanol plants is about 0.5 mln. tons per year (Novomoskovskoye PO "AZOT";
cobalt catalyst). For the production of motor fuels, methanol is converted to dimethyl ether and then to a mixture of
branched limiting hydrocarbons (Mobil GTG process in Maui, New Zealand; cobalt catalyst).
A mixture of linear alkanes is produced on cobalt-zinc catalysts with hydrogenation activity
(AGC-211 process in Bintulu, Malaysia).
The iron catalyst produces a mixture of linear and branched alkanes and alkenes (the promising Renentech process).
On cobalt or rhodium catalysts at pressures above 10 MPa and temperatures in the range of 140 – 180 ° C alkenes
interact with synthesis gas and convert to aldehydes, the most important intermediates in the production of alcohols, carboxylic acids, and carbonates
acids, amines, multi-atomic alcohols, etc. pyrolysis plants for the production of oxygen-containing products. World production of aldehydes using this technology (oxo-synthesis)
reaches 7 million tons per year.

Obtaining oxygen-containing products is one of the major current directions of scientific research in the field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. When these compounds are added to diesel fuel at a rate of 1%, the amount of soot in the combustion products is reduced by 4–10%.

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Thermal and catalytic cracking

Without a doubt, you cannot obtain gasoline at home in this manner due to the complexity of the process! I don’t want to get too technical and bog you down with technical chemical and physical jargon. I will thus attempt to convey to you what they say "on my fingers."

Cracking is really very simple. Gasoline is created by physically and chemically disassembling crude oil into its constituent parts, which are big, complex hydrocarbon molecules broken down into smaller, simpler ones.

What benefits do we receive from it?

• Gasoline yield increases several times, up to 40 – 50%. So compared to distillation, we have almost half a liter of fuel.
• The octane number is much, much higher – it"s usually around 70-80 units. Of course, you can"t drive on it either, but you need a minimum of additives to get the finished product.

Overall, this method is unquestionably the way of the future. That explains why there are so many of them—hydroforming, cracking, reforming—in the world today. Every procedure aims to boost fuel and improve octane, with the ultimate goal being to completely eliminate additives.

Tips and experience of practitioners who have made installations for obtaining gasoline

Mechanic and inventor Gennady Ivanovich Fedan is credited with numerous original inventions. The car is his special passion. Professionally, he works as a mining engineer and holds a degree from Donetsk Polytechnic University. I first became aware of the use of methanol when I worked as a speedway mechanic.

He stated this: "We began using methanol in automobiles about eight years ago. We had to fight corrosion for the first two years. There was water condensation forming; we needed to find a way to counteract it. The piston system was primarily impacted by corrosion. The carburetor in the Zaporozhets is dural, but the engine is cast iron. Steel makes up the piston system. worn-out valve seats and valves. We attempted to use castor oil. Compression is greatly increased by it. For example, 15% castor oil is added to methanol by aircraft modelers. However, there is a lot of corrosion occurring once more, so you must rinse everything out after using this mixture.

We avoided this by mixing methanol with aviation oil. One liter of MS-20 aviation oil is added to twenty liters of methanol. Since conventional motor oils produce soot when they burn, they have been replaced. Valve burn is the end result. Contrarily, aviation oil has a high viscosity that prevents surface wetting and, as a result, prevents corrosion. A total of 5% MS-20 and methanol make up the mixture.

I have to admit that methanol appeals to me greatly as a fuel for cars. We have an old, worn-out engine, but it runs on methanol just fine. It makes sense to add water at faster than average speeds. In this instance, the engine’s fuel reserve is raised. I’m still experimenting to get the dosage just right. I’m building a rig that will allow water to be added meteredly based on the engine’s operating mode. The injection initiates as soon as the revs reach a high level.

Assume for the moment that you must, for whatever reason, convert to gasoline either permanently or temporarily. I’ve made the primary fuel system injector adjustment simpler for these situations. The problem is that you have to increase the jet’s cross-section for methanol. When using methanol, the injector’s power will decrease if it is left in the same configuration as for gasoline. The engine will function properly if you increase the jets’ cross-section to avoid this.

In winter, an engine with methanol starts much easier than with gasoline, literally within a few seconds. No detonation at all. One more positive moment. Often I had to help Zhiguli owners who had ice plugs in the fuel pipe. It happens all over the place. They sell gasoline diluted with water. You can"t tell by eye. Man bought, poured – and that"s it. Ice plugs form in the fuel system in winter. You have to take the engine apart, flush everything out. Motorists spend up to two days on it. Meanwhile, it is possible to eliminate the traffic jam literally within two hours. I take 2 liters of methanol, pour it into the fuel system, and the plug dissolves. Without disassembling the engine."

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Fresh records

Particularly in the winter, insulation and heating are essential components of a functional and pleasant home environment. Not only does proper heating guarantee warmth, but it also saves money and uses less energy. In a similar vein, insulation is essential for preventing energy loss and maintaining heat within the home. This guide will cover useful advice and methods for maximizing the insulation and heating systems in your house to save energy costs and improve comfort.

An essential component of home energy management is being aware of the sources and uses of fuel. Even though conventional fuels like electricity, natural gas, and oil are frequently used for heating, looking into alternative options can have positive effects on the environment and the economy. Unconventional fuel production techniques, like producing gasoline from household gas and water, have gained popularity in recent years. Despite sounding like science fiction, this procedure is based on proven chemistry principles and is doable with the correct tools and understanding.

It’s important to understand the fundamentals of producing gasoline from household gas and water before getting into the specifics. The main fuel for internal combustion engines, gasoline is a liquid made mostly of hydrocarbons that is obtained from the refining of crude oil. It is made up of different types of hydrocarbons that burn to release energy, such as aromatic compounds, cycloalkanes, and alkanes. While the traditional source of gasoline is crude oil, alternative processes try to create comparable hydrocarbon compounds from different inputs, like water and household gas.

The idea behind producing gasoline from household gas and water is to use chemical reactions to synthesize hydrocarbons. Household gas, usually methane, provides carbon atoms, and water, which is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, can be a possible source of hydrogen atoms. Chemical reactions such as steam reforming and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can convert these raw materials into hydrocarbon compounds that bear a resemblance to gasoline. Even though there are multiple steps involved and certain catalysts and conditions need to be met, the process presents a viable way to turn easily accessible resources into usable fuel.

Look around what can be made from oil

Petroleum is used in the manufacture of a large number of objects in our environment. All of the plastic that we use in our homes—clothing, toothbrushes, televisions, electric kettles, light fixtures, dishes, toys, and so on—comes from the chemical industry’s use of petroleum.

One of the most valuable and widely used raw materials is crude oil. It may be claimed that states with large deposits control global processes and the economy.

Humans have been studying natural resources and attempting to extract useful qualities from them for thousands of years. Chemists have discovered through studying the structure of oil that many beneficial products can be produced from it. As a result, black gold is now used in the creation of many items that are used in daily life. Pure petroleum products are produced from oil after various needless impurities are eliminated at a specific pressure and temperature.

Items made of oil that are all around us:

• Fuel;
• Plastics;
• Polyethylene and plastic;
• Synthetics;
• Cosmetics;
• Medical products;
• Household items.

Enumerating all the products that are made from petroleum is nearly impossible. This number within 6000 products can be used to calculate the total.

Variants of homemade gasoline

An analogous process is employed to produce gasoline on-site from waste. Any plastic components, scraps of polyethylene and polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate bottles (common plastic containers), and rubber of all kinds are utilized as the latter.

Currently, artisanal technologies exist for producing gasoline (or more accurately, fuel that resembles gasoline) from a variety of organic and inorganic materials, including peat, reeds, straw, seed husks, corn cobs, leaves, and weeds.

Few people take the chance of using homemade gasoline for pricey cars because it’s unknown what its technical limitations are and how it will affect the fuel system. Homemade gasoline is still the product of intriguing experiments conducted by skilled technicians who are self-taught.

When it comes to biodiesel or other biofuels made using industrial technologies and certified to meet national standards, users’ attitudes are entirely different.

How to make gasoline workflow

1. It is necessary to take three containers. It is best if the first one is a barrel made of metal with a lapped lid that closes tightly. A tube, also heat-resistant, must be built into it. This barrel will be used as a retort. You will also need a condenser (you can use any container for it) and a water shutter. For the latter, it is best to take a sturdy container with two tubes: one of them will remain on the surface, while the second one will be under water.
2. When all the containers are ready, you can begin to assemble the apparatus for the production of liquid hydrocarbons. To do this, the pipe that comes out of the retort should be attached to the second container (condenser). A tube (hose) comes out of the latter, the other end of which is connected to one of the tubes of the water shutter, they will be under water. The second tube from the last container is connected to the stove. The first container is placed on the stove. Thus, a closed apparatus for pyrolysis – high-temperature cracking is obtained.
3. In the first container it is necessary to place car tires and heat it at a high temperature. It is best to run rubber products through a shredder or simply crush them by hand to the size of 5*5 cm. Under the action of heating, the rubber will disintegrate, and hydrocarbon molecules in the form of gas will be released. The gaseous mixture will rise to the lid of the retort and from there it will be directed through a tube to the condenser. In the second vessel, the gas will be cooled and liquefied (condensed). In this way, not yet gasoline, but a liquid combustible substance is obtained.
4. In the course of the described physicochemical reactions, not only molecules of a combustible substance are formed, but also a mixture of hydrocarbon gases (methane-propane-butane), most of which is methane. Therefore, the described apparatus must be closed to itself, and the methane, having passed through all its components, enters the furnace and there burns, maintaining the proper temperature.
5. The obtained liquid is not yet gasoline. It is also necessary to additionally distill it on a distiller or a device similar to a moonshine distiller. The principle of its operation is almost the same as the above described system. There must also be a rectification column and a condenser (refrigerator). The system does not have to be closed, but it is better to work under a hood. It is best to heat the combustible mixture not on an open fire of a stove (t=200°C), but on an electric stove, as explosive gases may be released from it when heated up.

General description of the apparatus for making gasoline from water and household gas

This device produces methanol, or methyl alcohol, as a liquid.

As you are aware, methanol is the highest octane gasoline (octane number is 150) and is used as a solvent and high-octane additive to motor fuel. This is the same gasoline that races cars and motorcycles use to fill their tanks. According to studies conducted abroad, an engine running on methanol has a 20% increase in power and lasts much longer than one running on regular gasoline. When the engine using this fuel is tested for toxicity, dangerous substances are almost completely absent from the exhaust, making it an environmentally friendly exhaust.

The methanol extraction apparatus is easy to manufacture, requires little expertise, has few parts, operates without issue, and is compact. By the way, its dimensions affect its productivity, which is dependent on a number of factors. The device, which we are bringing to your notice along with its schematic and assembly description, produces three liters of ready fuel per hour with an outer mixer diameter of 75 mm. The assembled device weighs about 20 kg, and its approximate dimensions are as follows: 20 cm in height, 50 cm in length, and 30 cm in width.

Be aware that methanol is a potent poison. It is a colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 65°C. It smells like regular alcohol and is miscible with water and a variety of organic liquids.

Recall that consuming 30 mm of methanol can be fatal! It is evident that regular gasoline poses the same risks.

Gasoline production from petroleum at home

A moonshine machine is the best tool for making homemade gasoline. There is still one issue: where can I find crude oil? The following summarizes the main points of the oil distillation process, so we won’t address it here:

• a sealed container is taken, equipped with a gas vent tube on top and a high-temperature thermometer to measure the internal temperature of the medium in the container;
• crude oil is poured into a container, which is hermetically sealed with a lid (the gas outlet tube must be lowered into another container);
• the container with the raw material begins to heat (it is best to use electric heating devices, as the use of gas is fraught with ignition of the flammable oil mixture and explosion);
• the second container is placed in a cold room, the temperature in which should be approximately + 5 degrees Celsius (if there is no such room, then the gas outlet tube should be cooled (for example, with ice);

• after the temperature in the first heated tank reaches the value of 150-180 degrees (sometimes even lower values are enough) light gasoline fractions will start to evaporate (most often evaporation starts within 100-120 degrees);
• since either the second container or the tube is much colder than the oil vapors passing through it, their condensation takes place, and liquid gasoline flows into the second container.

This is how straight-run gasoline is made in its entirety.

We would like to remind you that it will have very poor quality and cannot be used for the intended purpose without the addition of additives.

How goes the process of turning oil into gasoline?

Production process

The simple answer to the question "what is the composition of gasoline?" is oil. However, this is not quite accurate because gasoline also contains some impurities; however, more on that later.

The raw materials must undergo primary processing in order to yield fuel in its primary form. This process is known as purifying oil to remove impurities from both salt and water. An electric field is present when these processes are happening. Water is extracted from the crude oil through this process, and the necessary grade of desalting is achieved. Following this process, the oil is subjected to a thermal treatment. Such processes are what yield these fuels, including gasoline, gas, and diesel.

The process of catalytic reforming comes next. After primary processing, the resulting gasoline is transformed into a fuel with a high octane number during precisely this process. But some, like 92 or 95, are made by combining various ingredients that come from various refinements of crude oil.

Liquid fuels from synthesis gas.

The direct revitalization of solid organic raw materials through carefully thought-out processes yields complex hydrocarbon mixtures, from which further enrichment processes are needed to produce high-quality motor fuels. According to the plan, stages of gasification of solid feedstock into a blend of CO and H2 and the subsequent synthesis of hydrocarbon mixtures used as gasoline, diesel, or motor fuel components are alternatives technologies for producing high-quality motor fuels.

The Fischer-Tropsch process is the basis for the reactor used in the polymerization of synthesis gas into gasoline and diesel fuel.

Catalytic and thermal cracking

It is important to note right away that these processes are highly complex and require specialized technology, so they cannot be replicated at home. We will attempt to use as simple and understandable language as possible when describing these processes—which turn crude oil into petroleum products—in order to spare you from having to decipher complicated physical and chemical terminology.

The breakdown of oil components into their constituents through the application of catalysts and high temperatures is the fundamental process of any cracking process. Stated differently, complex hydrocarbon compounds break down into lower molecular weight, simpler ones (like gasoline).

Among these technologies’ undeniable benefits are:

№	Useful information
1	Significant increase in the productivity of production (yield, for example, gasoline increases many times – up to 40-50 percent)
2	its quality compared to straight-run gasoline is much higher (octane number value is about 70-80 units, and in case of catalytic reforming – more than 90 units)
3	a minimum of additives is required to produce marketable petroleum products from gasoline produced by such methods

Cracking processes are frequently employed in technological lines alongside other contemporary technologies, such as hydrocracking, isomerization, catalytic reforming, and so forth. The aim of all these technologies is to process oil feedstock to a greater depth while obtaining the highest quality fuel possible.

What is made of coal making gasoline at home

Gasoline can be made at home using coal.

When it comes to chemical composition, coal and oil are very similar. They both start with the same elements: carbon, which burns, and hydrogen. While it is true that coal contains less hydrogen, if the hydrogen values are balanced, a combustible mixture could be produced.

One ton of coal can produce up to 80 kg of gasoline. With that said, roughly 35% of our coal should be volatile matter. The coal is first ground into a dusty powder for processing. Following that, coal dust is thoroughly dried and combined with oil or fuel to form a paste-like mass. The raw material is heated to 500 degrees Celsius and 200 bar of pressure in a specialized autoclave after the missing hydrogen has been added.

How and from what gasoline is made

Method for extracting shale oil

Clean, uncontaminated oil must be extracted from the earth’s interior in order to produce gasoline. Drilling rigs and specialized machinery are used for this, pumping the material to the surface and filling storage tanks. It is delivered to a specialized processing facility via trucks or pipelines. Oil is separated from the original mass of pure high-octane gasoline and other components through a number of purification and separation stages. Jet fuel, diesel, and gasoline are the end products. Everywhere on the earth is sent to purchase the completed product.

Crude oil storage

Storage of crude oil

Special tanks are found in every oil refinery, where raw materials are kept until the day that gasoline is produced. Fresh oil from the wells is pumped into the tanks via a special pipeline, and once full, it is pumped to the purification stage.

Purification of crude oil

Refinement of crude oil

Crude oil is fed into a specialized device designed to remove foreign inclusions beforehand. The feedstock is combined with water and stirred gently to create a homogenous mass. The salts sink to the bottom of the tank when electricity is passed through its contents. 90% of the salts in the crude oil are removed during the water washing process when it is exposed to electricity. The atmospheric-vacuum distillation stage and catalytic cracking are piped with clean oil.

Primary processing

Crude oil distillation done directly

The crude oil is heated to boiling point at high temperatures in the atmospheric-vacuum distillation unit before being divided into its constituent parts. This yields straight-run gasoline for export as well as raw materials for additional processing. Following total separation, the feedstock is sent to a vacuum unit and the gasoline is pumped to temporary storage via a unique pipeline system. More heat is applied to the boiling feedstock in order to produce light oil products that are appropriate for diesel fuel. The crude oil is sent to the catalytic reforming and cracking stage in order to separate the 92 and 95 fractions.

Secondary refining

The feedstock enters the catalytic reforming unit through the pipeline system. Clean fractions are produced by removing impurities and foreign inclusions at this point. They are sent to the blending stage after being given an octane number of 95 or 92. The catalytic cracking process, which removes sulfur and foreign inclusions from the contaminated feedstock, is done in a different section of the plant. The liquids from the two processes are combined after full purification to produce gasoline.

It’s interesting to note that two liters of crude oil, which is readily available to purchase as gasoline and use to power your vehicle, have already been extracted and processed for every person on the planet for one day of life.

Quality check

They test the quality of finished gasoline, raw materials from various production stages, and oil in a dedicated lab.

If something goes wrong during the process, the products are sent for more processing or purification.

The entire petroleum refining process involves splitting a viscous liquid into numerous molecules. Following the separation of the light molecules, gases, diesel fuel, and gasoline are produced.

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Gasoline from garbage at home the opinion of experts

Scientists at the Tomsk Research Institute conducted research and found that a lot of the waste that we throw away without considering its potential uses down the road can be converted into gasoline.

Scientists’ experiments have demonstrated that approximately one liter of gasoline can be obtained from one kilogram of shred plastic regular bottles.

These Tomsk scientists have created a unique device that turns waste materials containing carbon into synthetic fuel. It functions by destroying carbon-containing plastic materials through the action of high heat, which leads to the synthesis of hydrogen and carbons, which produces the required gasoline molecules. Additionally, fuel oil, gasoline of any grade, and diesel fuel can be obtained when a significant amount of gasoline is produced.

According to scientists, gasoline can now be obtained in other ways besides plastic bottles, so this will be appropriate:

• Rubber tires;
• Garbage;
• Firewood;
• Pallets;
• Leaves;
• Nut shells;
• Seed husks;
• Sawdust and rubber waste;
• Corn rods;
• Peat;
• Straw;
• Reeds;
• Weeds;
• Cane;
• Old sleepers;
• Dry manure of birds and animals;
• Gas;
• Medical waste.

Furthermore, this is by no means an exhaustive list of objects from which the substances required for life support can be extracted.

How to make gasoline with your own hands

Using used rubber tires and any other rubber product yields the maximum yield. These need to be ground into pieces small enough to be pushed through the reactor’s feed opening using any appropriate method. The reactor is a metal boiler with a gas vent tube welded into it and a hermetically sealed lid. A fire spreads beneath the reactor. Rubber is broken down into intricate gas components using technology in this process. When rubber is ignited, it moves directly from the liquid to the gas phase.

The condenser (refrigerator) is connected to the outlet tube via a water shutter, which prevents oxygen from entering the reactor. This is just a basic coil submerged in ice water or cooled by running water in a jacket. Within it, the gas partially condenses into a liquid that will eventually become domestic gasoline through further distillation. Through the valve at the refrigerator’s far end, it is periodically emptied. The portion of the gas that hasn’t condensed is directed into the burner, which is the hole-filled tube. It is lit and used to warm the reactor even more.

The resultant liquid is an oil type that needs to be distilled during the second cycle. It is put into a device that resembles the first one and is already functioning as a distiller, heating the liquid to a temperature of no more than 200 ºC. When testing the distillation liquid for intensity of combustion, you can observe that the first fraction burns like gasoline, while the subsequent fraction burns like diesel fuel or, if you divide the resulting distillation liquid into fractions (based on the order of portions of the distillate). In gasoline engines, a liquid that resembles gasoline is used.

Materials Needed	Process
Water	Electrolysis: Split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity.
Household Gas	Hydrogenation: React hydrogen with carbon monoxide under pressure to produce gasoline.

Making gasoline at home from household gas and water may seem like a great way to combat growing fuel prices and even environmental issues. But it’s crucial to approach these kinds of claims critically and with knowledge of the relevant science.

Above all, it should be noted that producing gasoline from water and household gas is not an easy task. While it is true that elements like carbon and hydrogen found in gasoline can also be found in water and household gas, the transformation process is usually complicated and calls for specialized equipment and knowledge of chemistry.

Furthermore, it can be risky to try making gasoline at home. The procedures frequently involve high pressures and temperatures, which present serious risks if not performed properly. Furthermore, if handled improperly, the chemicals and materials involved could be dangerous and cause accidents or environmental damage.

And even if someone could successfully make something that looked like gasoline at home, there are still legal and regulatory issues to consider. To protect public health and the environment, gasoline production and use are strictly regulated in many places. There might be legal repercussions if these regulations are attempted to be broken.

Individuals seeking to minimize their fuel consumption or environmental impact would be better off investigating tried-and-true alternatives rather than taking on potentially dangerous and complicated projects like producing gasoline at home. This can entail implementing energy-saving procedures, purchasing electric or hybrid cars, or endorsing renewable energy sources.

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