How is the radiation system of heating scheme and wiring options arranged

The key to keeping our homes warm and comfortable is being aware of how our heating systems operate. Radiation systems are a common way to heat a building. They work by moving hot water through pipes that are put in the walls, ceiling, and floors. The surrounding surfaces are subsequently warmed by this radiant heat, distributing the warmth evenly and comfortably throughout the room.

But how precisely is a heating system that uses radiation set up? Everything begins with meticulous design and planning. Placing heating elements, connecting to a central heating source, and designing the piping network are all part of a radiation heating system’s design. In order to guarantee effective heat distribution and system performance, this scheme is essential.

There are a few things to think about when choosing wiring for a radiation heating system. Whether a heat pump, boiler, or other heating appliance is being used is one of the main factors to be taken into account. For the chosen heating source to operate safely and dependably, the wiring needs to be compatible with its unique specifications.

The wiring options will also be influenced by the building’s layout and the intended use of each space. To meet varied heating needs, different areas might need different temperature settings or zoning. To find the most effective wiring configuration that satisfies occupant demands while consuming the least amount of energy, this calls for careful planning.

Moreover, extra features like thermostats, sensors, and controls may be included in the wiring options for a radiation heating system. These parts are essential for controlling the temperature, keeping an eye on system efficiency, and guaranteeing user comfort. The seamless functioning of the heating system depends on the integration and wiring of these components.

In conclusion, it is critical for both building professionals and homeowners to comprehend the layout and wiring options of a radiation heating system. People can design effective, cozy, and sustainable heating solutions for their homes or buildings by understanding the principles underlying these systems and the different factors that go into their configuration.

The choice of a distribution collector

Because the collector in the heating system resembles a scalloped piece of hair, it is still commonly referred to as a "comb." The collector base is made of pipe, to which a variety of nozzles can be attached. The heating system that uses radiation makes use of two collectors. Installed on the feed is one collector, and on the return is another. The input manifold is typically where the circulation pump is mounted. Here is also where a multi-route valve with a thermometer is installed. The thermometer works with the valve to adjust the flow of heated coolant into the entire heating circuit based on the temperature that is provided.

Heat is transferred from the heat carrier to the heating devices and then back to the output collector via the pipeline. As a result, the coolant immediately rushes to the heating boiler to resaturate with heat. The input manifold also has balancing components installed. The quantity of coolant that can flow through the collector is controlled by these components. Generally speaking, both collectors are accountable for the room’s proper temperature and ideal heating balance.

Answers to frequent questions on the radiation system

Which pipe diameter should I select?

The pipes for the eyes have four diameters most of the time when a radial system is installed. Rarely, a bigger diameter is employed. We are now discussing the diameter of the pipes coming from the collector on their own.

How should a two-story house be made?

A lot of people are curious about how to install a radiation system in a two-story home. It is possible to create a radiation system within a skyscraper. Using your heating collector on each floor is crucial.

Can a radiation system be installed in an apartment building?

You certainly can. It is unlikely that the thermal power plant will accomplish this directly. However, everything will function if you connect to the thermal power station via a heat exchanger or if you have your own heating system.

Is a radial or two-pipe system better?

Grade

Advantages

So the heating system using radiation is more effective than reliable? Here is a typical list of the points made by her advocates:

1. Minimum temperature range between heating appliances. They are frightened from the common collector and eat with one feeding thread;
2. Convenience of management. From the collector cabinet you can change the temperature of any section of the heating system;

The collector cabinet serves as the home’s main heating control unit.

1. Independent instrument temperature adjustment. If you cover or completely turn off any of them, it will not affect the work of the rest of the batteries;
2. Hidden gaskets. Laid in a screed or strobes, they will not spoil the design of the dwelling.

The floor-launched lags will conceal hitting appliances.

Flaws

Initially, there were a few critical remarks regarding the characteristics of the collector wiring, which I listed as one of its benefits.

1. In a two -pipe sequential system, you can also get the same battery temperature. In case of dead end wiring, it is achieved by the balancing of the system (that is, throttling of the adjacent batteries to the boiler), with a private wiring, the temperature on all heating devices will be the same without balancing;

Tichelman loop, also known as a two-pipe system with a coolant movement in transit. Without balancing, every radiator has the same temperature.

1. Control the air temperature in the room is most convenient directly from it. If you need to go through the whole house to the collector cabinet in order to reduce the heating of the batteries – this, you see, does not look at all an advantage;
2. Independent adjustment of the temperature of radiators is possible in any two -pipe system. With a single -pipe wiring, it is also achievable: it is enough to connect the batteries not in the gap of the roser, but in parallel to it.

Joining the radiator in a single-pipe Leningradka parallel to the radiator. The eyeliner’s cranes enable lowering battery heating without interfering with the functionality of the other heating components.

And the actual flaws are as follows:

• Expensive. The total length of the heating inlets in the case of radiation wiring of the pipes will be several times larger than with consistent connecting the batteries;
• Difficult. Strokes of walls or pouring screed with collector wiring are possible only at the stage of major repairs of a private house or apartment. Meanwhile, the batteries can be diluted sequentially after the end of the finished repair: only the drilling of the walls under the outer will come from dirty work;

Following finishing touches, heating can be reduced by connecting radiators in a sequential manner.

• Unreliable. The heating system needs a circulation pump, which makes it energy -dependent. When circulating (for example, in the case of prolonged shutdown of electricity), the water in the pipes will freeze. Warm up hidden in the floor or walls of the eyeliner is much more difficult than openly lazy.

Keep in mind that pipes cannot be fully drained and allowed to defrost while they are being laid in the screed. Every eyeliner creates an upward-bent bracket where water will always remain.

Water is present in the eyeliner beneath the radiator connection. It is not possible to empty it at all.

conclusions

Radiation wiring is only appropriate, in my opinion, if you have heated floors with water mounted on them.

Conflicts? Available for your use:

1. The length of one circuit of a warm floor cannot exceed 120 meters due to the high hydraulic resistance of the pipes, so in the house there will be several parallel contours in any case;
2. Parallel contours are most conveniently connected to the conclusions of the distribution collector. Alternative installation methods imply an open rosen laying and open installation of throttle or thermal heads, which, you yourself understand, is contrary to aesthetics.

Warm water floor: collector wiring makes perfect sense.

The high-temperature radiator heating system is more cost-effective, and diluting in series makes sense.

Comparison with other heating wiring schemes

The wiring scheme indicates that heating systems have undergone significant advancements over the years and are now very different from their predecessors. The traditional wood stove has long since been abandoned in modern homes; instead, people prefer automation and don’t need to worry about the heating of their home.

One -pipe system

One pipe is used in this type of wiring, and it continuously travels from one heating radiator to another before returning to the heating boiler. It is possible to use a circulation pump to transfer the coolant through the heating pipes.

Two -pipe system

Heating radiators in a two-pipe system are connected in parallel, as opposed to a one-pipe system. For every heating radiator, there is a pipe with hot coolant and a pipe with cooled leaves. It is possible to use a circulation pump to transfer the coolant through the heating pipes.

Installation rules

How can you do radiation wiring correctly with your hands?

Here are some fundamental guidelines.

• As a roller, you can use the pipes of the minimum diameter available (15 mm for a corrugated stainless steel and 16 mm for metal -plastic, polypropylene, PEX and PERT);

Table of Compliance for the Circuit Area’s Pipe Diameter and Thermal Demand. As you can see, any heating device only needs a 15 mm diameter.

• All serviced connections should be available after the end of the installation, so they are displayed outside the screed or a strob;
• Use Americans to connect the plates with radiators. Quickly detachable connections will save you a lot of time and effort if the battery will have to be removed for some reason;
• Put chokes and/or ball valves on both collectors (feed and return). Each circuit must completely turn off regardless of others. This instruction will help you not to remain in winter without heating throughout the house due to the leak of the only battery;
• When installing radiator heating, lay the eyeliner in thermal insulation (for example, in tubes made of foamed polyethylene). So you will reduce inappropriate heat loss.

In a pipe, heated eyeliners are separated from foamed polyethylene.

Automatic collector-ray system

Radiation wiring includes radiators with an automatically adjustable coolant supply. In this instance, the reverse manifold’s thermal valves (position 2 on rice). "Complete collector block") in place of the manual control’s plastic lid (position 4 on rice). A tiny electromechanical servo drive was installed in a "Complete collector block" and was wired to an analog rod or controller. Without any reinforcement, radiators are connected to heating pipes (ball valves can be installed).

The thermal valve’s servo drive dimensions.

Such a plan offers a higher degree of comfort but at a higher capital cost. The user can adjust the desired air temperature using the indoor thermostat’s control panel. The signals for this panel are determined by servo drives on the collector’s thermal valves, which indicate "Refunction." The system’s name is the chronotermostat, which gives the user the option to program the temperature for a week and distinguish it based on the days of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

The user can select individual operating device modes and perform hydraulic balancing with the heating system equipped with collector-beaming pipes. During radiation wiring, a certain amount of pipe length is naturally offset by a decrease in pipe diameter and installation ease.

Articles on the topic:

Design and principle of operation

The collector (comb, collector unit), which disperses the coolant arriving from the boiler along multiple contours, is one of the primary components of the collector heating system. The quantity of radiators in the house, the number of discharges on the collector, and the number of bdows on the collector all correlate to the number of circuits.

To ensure that every radiator heats up to the same temperature, you can divide the coolant for each heating device equally using the collector. The fact that every radiator has a separate supplier and reverse highways guarantees uniform heating.

The coolant flows from/to the heat source through one entrance/output and multiple bdows in the collector’s design. frequently include thermostats, flow meters, automatic air carriers, and camshafts.

Is it worth doing collector heating wiring

Let’s begin with the drawbacks. When deciding which kind of heating pipes to use, these factors need to be considered. The material intensity of the collector system makes it expensive. Furthermore, you must locate a space for organizing cabinets, which can be challenging at times. The homeowner gains the following advantages if the costs and the requirement to set aside space for collectors are not a concern:

• Stable operation of the heating system. The equipment is not exposed to hydraulic boards, which increases the life of the radiators.
• Simplified design. The system uses pipes of the same diameter, which eliminates unnecessary calculations.
• Convenient repairs. If damage has appeared on any area, this circuit is simply turned off and the malfunctions are eliminated. The remaining "rays" work in the same mode, an acceptable temperature remains in the house.
• Hidden installation. Pipes are located in floors, walls or ceilings, and a comb and automation in a collector closet. Heating elements do not spoil the interior.

This is the appearance of the pipe collector wiring.

You are the only one who can decide whether to stick with the classic tee or stop choosing radiation wiring. Consider the benefits and drawbacks, figure out how much it will cost to install various system types, and then start designing. warmth in your house!

Stage heating system structure

Any heating system comprises pipes, locking and regulatory reinforcement, heating devices (radiators, convectors), a heat source (boiler, stove, boiler), and, in most cases, a circulation pump.

The above-mentioned components are also used in the radiation scheme, along with the collector, which sets it apart from other pieces of equipment.

It would be unwise to spend too much time describing the many standard structural components that are listed. The ones with special requirements are the only ones listed below.

Heat sources

As you are aware, this is the central component of any home heating system, so it is important to choose wisely. Because the radiation circuit is constructively complex, strong equipment is needed.

When selecting the boiler’s power, it is important to keep in mind that a vast network of radiation-heated pipelines, typically found in floor plans, determines a number of significant heat losses that have an impact on the system’s overall efficacy.

Heating collector

The collector is the second-most crucial component in this kind of heat supply system. It’s a radiator connection device that looks like a short pipe with multiple pipes inside. Its other name, comb, is frequently encountered in literature.

Figure 2: Manifold for heating

When new heating devices connect, the collector’s dimensions can be changed while it is in use to add new sections.

The centralized distribution of coolant from the heat source to heating devices is its primary purpose. By installing different kinds of locking and thermal-regulating reinforcement, it also enables you to control the intensity of the heating of each of them and disconnect a separate circuit for maintenance or planned replacement without interfering with the system.

As a two-pipe system, radiation heating uses two collectors: feed and delive, which are typically installed with spies. It is also advised to use a special cabinet to house the entire node, as this will conceal its unsightly appearance while also allowing free access to the equipment.

It should be mentioned that the heating circuit’s use of collectors makes modifications simple and enables system integration with smart homes. Thanks to specially installed sensors, the degree of coolant heating can be automatically adjusted based on variations in room temperature. Additionally, the house’s heating can be controlled remotely.

Circulation pump

The installation of the pump is a necessary component of the radiation heating system since it typically involves forced coolant circulation.

A parameter like the speed at which water is pumped per unit of time should be considered when selecting a circulation pump model, in addition to power.

Two devices mounted on the feed and return may be necessary, depending on the intricacy of the circuit configuration and the length of the pipelines.

Pipes

An arrangement for a radial heat supply system can be made with metal, metal-plastic, and polypropylene pipes. You should consider the intricacy of installation and repair in addition to product cost when selecting a particular type. In this sense, the most popular plastic option.

Remember that the diameter of the pipes you purchase should match the size of the boiler’s and collector’s inputs and outputs. The use of adapters is permitted when needed.

The choice of a distribution collector

Another name for it is a comb. Fluid must be supplied to the convectors, batteries, warm floor, etc. By using it, the liquid is expelled along the opposite contour and either sent to the boiler or re-mixed in the circuit to adjust the temperature. Twelve branches is the most that the collector can handle.

The combs typically contain temperature-adjusting and backup shut-off components. These enable the configuration of the thermal carrier’s rational consumption in all heating contours. The system’s high-quality and reliable operation can be ensured by the existence of faints.

Modern heating systems

The Russian furnace was invented a long time ago, and while it’s still a great choice for radial heating at home, installing one in a city apartment these days would be absurd. However, technology is also advancing daily, so most of the most recent heating systems—including radiation systems—installed in homes and apartments are customized to meet the needs of individual users.

The first distinction between heating systems is the method used to transport pipes from the collector to the radiators. There are various kinds of these systems, including

• One -pipe;
• Two -pipe;
• Radiation;

Radiation heating works on the assumption that each radiator has its own wiring from the collector, which serves as the primary coolant distributor. The ability to turn on and off radiators individually or in groups is the system’s greatest feature.

Besides, heat supply valve can be adjusted. For example, if the kitchen does not require such a amount of thermal radiation, due to the operation of household appliances that serve as an additional heat source, then the valve can be screwed. This can be done so that the heat is received into the kitchen, but not in the same amount as the rest of the rooms. The same can be done with those rooms that are not used for their intended purpose, but the heat should be maintained in them. Due to the regulation of heat supply, increases and fuel economy, And due to this, the readings of the heat meter are also delighted.

Features of radiation wiring

All heating systems are made with the intention of "heeding the room," or restoring the heat that is lost in the house as a result of the temperature differential between the inside and outside (the street).

There are just two ways to integrate every heating device:

1. Troinic connection.
2. Radiation wiring of the heating system (collector connection). In this case, a separate pair of pipes for a straight and reverse supply of a heat carrier is brought to each device using a collector.

The pipeline system’s initial iteration is financial in nature. However, because of the unique way the pipes are connected to one riser, the system will need to be completely shut off and the liquid drained in order to install the battery or another section.

Of course, shut-off valves are available for purchase, but the installation will already be much more costly.

The traditional pipe wiring that encircles the outside is typically open. Because there are numerous pipes laying around the structure and they don’t look very attractive inside, the fan heating systems are primarily found in the walls or the floor.

In any space, a hidden installation looks great. Ultimately, all that’s left to be seen are heating batteries.

In comparison to the system’s perimeter system, the collector-ray heating system is not inexpensive. The benefit of this installation, though, is that the warm fluid will instantly and uniformly warm the entire space.

A home’s collector heating system

Pros and cons of the collector heating system

You must be aware of all the benefits and drawbacks of this heating system beforehand.

The drawbacks of wiring fan pipes

1. only one good argument can be called – the radiation system has many elements in its design. Including pipes. In addition, it uses a lot of connecting elements.
2. A large number of details in this system may affect considerable costs of repair work. The classic heating system costs less and cheaper in repair.

It is necessary to connect all of the fan scheme’s heating devices carefully because mistakes can lead to frequent system failures.

The drawbacks of the radial heating system become less significant when compared to its benefits. Ultimately, a well-installed system will pay for itself in the shortest amount of time. It also performs a lot of helpful functions.

1. The fan system allows you to establish heating separately in each room. Thus, the heat in the premises will be distributed more efficiently, and energy will be saved.
2. When installing a radiation heating system, you have access to pipes, you can identify and eliminate problems in time.
3. Pipes of the classic heating system is quite difficult to hide. With fan wiring, the pipes are hidden in the walls or in the field. If the installation is high -quality and correct, then the elements will not be noticeable to the eye.

The radial heating system’s well-designed layout allows for the sensible distribution of heat throughout the entire house.

Installation recommendations

First and foremost, accurate pipeline diameter measurement is essential, particularly for highways; hydraulic calculations are required. Radiators are a little easier to measure in terms of size because of this principle:

• for a battery with a capacity of up to 1.5 kW pipe 16 x 2 mm;
• for a radiator with a capacity of over 1.5 kW pipe 20 x 2 mm.

All eyeliners need to be insulated when wiring a floor; otherwise, the batteries will be cold and the screed areas will get heated. Remind yourself that the pipes will still be flooded with the solution and that there won’t be any mess by not scattering them as it hits. This is a mistake; the branches should be placed carefully, splitting them into pairs, and finishing by leaving only distinct markings where the pipes are located. In the event of an accident, this will subsequently aid in finding them promptly.

In a one-story home, DIY installation is comparatively easy. Determine the best location for the collector cabinet (ideally, in the wall niche), take measurements, buy pipes, and install radiators. Only ball valves on batteries are required; balancing reinforcement is not. By the way, vertical pipe sections that exit the floor can be concealed in the walls if at all possible. After that, the heating device connection won’t be completely visible.

Suggestions. In such networks, polypropylene pipes should not be used. They are very linearly elongated and do not bend. Furthermore, using inexpensive materials in an expensive system makes no sense; metal, plastic, or stitched polyethylene are preferable.

Installing shutoffs, or regulatory reinforcement, on each branch from the riser is required in a home with two stories or more. On one side of the supply pipeline is a balancing valve and on the other is a ball valve. This will hydraulically balance the entire system and, if required, cut off the floors.

Knowing the ins and outs of a radiation heating system’s wiring is essential when it comes to home insulation and heating. Radiation heat is produced by heating panels or coils that are embedded in the walls, ceiling, or floors of this system. Although the layout of this system varies, it usually consists of pipes, radiant elements, and a boiler. The wiring options available offer flexibility in terms of installation and control, ranging from conventional hardwired setups to wireless systems. Understanding the layout and wiring options of your hydronic or electric radiation system will guarantee economical, comfortable, and effective heating for your house while reducing energy expenditures.

Modern heating systems

The presence of one or more vertical type risers with branches to customize the heating of each individual room is the scheme’s primary design element in this instance.

The pipeline’s eyeliner runs horizontally to the radiators.

Although both open and hidden pipeline gaskets are used today, the second is the better choice:

• branched dead end system It is supposed to level the minimum pipes and hydraulic resistance by means of mutual intersection of the pipeline, which becomes the main cause of increasing the thickness of the screed;
• in perimetric wiring The heating system provides for laying the pipeline along the walls around the perimeter of the entire room, and the execution of a hidden laying in the floor structure is also allowed;
• collector scheme provides for the execution of a parallel connection of all heating devices to the supply and reverse pipelines.

It is the final and most effective way to set up a combined type heating system, which combines the benefits of both the "warm floor" system and conventional radiator heating.

The most economical and straightforward option is a conventional one-pipe system, where all heating devices have a sequential heat carrier, which does not ensure even heat distribution.

Varieties of connecting radiators

There are numerous types of primary methods for connecting heating system devices:

• Side (standard) connection;
• Diagonal connection;
• Lower (saddle) connection.

Side connection

The radiator’s side connection.

Connector from the end; the radiator’s feed and return are on the same side. This is the most popular and efficient connection method; it lets you fully utilize the radiator’s heat transfer and remove the most heat possible. Usually, the feed appears first, followed by the return. Pipelines can be hidden as much as possible by connecting from the bottom with a special headset; however, this lowers the radiator’s heat transfer by 20–30%.

Diagonal connection

Radiator’s connection on its diagonal.

Radiator with a diagonal connection: the return is on the bottom side and the feed is on the side facing upwards. This kind of connection is utilized when a sectional radiator’s length surpasses 12 sections and its panel measures 1200 mm. The radiator surface in the farthest-reaching section of the installation experiences uneven heating when long radiators with side connections are installed. The diagonal connection is used to ensure that the radiator warms up uniformly.

Lower connection

Lower connection coming from the radiator ends

Feed and return are at the bottom of the radiator; connect from the device’s bottom. The majority of covert pipeline installations use this connection. The supply pipeline is appropriate to be installed on one side of the radiator and the reverse on the other side of the lower pipe when installing a sectional heating device and connecting it using the lower method. Nevertheless, this scheme results in a 15-20% reduction in the heat transfer efficiency of radiators.

Lower radiator connection.

All of the radiator’s pipes are located at the lower end when a steel panel radiator is connected to the lower connection. The radiator’s construction ensures that the feed enters the collector at the upper section first, followed by the assembly of the return in the lower collector, maintaining the radiator’s heat transfer.

Lower connection in a heating system with one pipe.

Radiation system with a warm floor

As many have observed, the heating radiation system is installed using the same principles as a water-heated floor. Theoretically, one comb can be used to connect radiators to a warm floor. Those who wish to install heated floors in certain rooms while leaving the remaining radiators in place will be particularly interested in this method.

A radial system with warm floors will function if it is constructed. However, keep in mind that radiators are heated to a high temperature and the warm floor is a low temperature system.

If you do not consider temperature control, you will either be hot in a room with warm floors or cold in a room with radiators. Remember that.

The collector heating system has one more advantageous aspect. Specifically, a cozy, heated floor. The distributor is actually positioned closer to the risers or the room’s center when radial heating systems are installed. In 99 percent of cases, pipelines that go from the distributor to a radiator do so simultaneously through hallways and doorways.

Indeed, in this instance, the pipes are isolated by a single layer of pipe insulation. However, a lot of installers are aware that up to 30% of heat can pass through insulation that is 6–9 mm thick.

For this reason, the floors in the areas of the house where the radiation heating system pipe is located are comfortably warm rather than cold. We use a single heating system to catch two hares. We receive cozy, warm floors and a dependable heating system free of building structure joints.

Good advantages of radiation wiring

The primary function of the heating system is to make up for the heat lost by the structure as a result of variations in the temperature of the outside and inside air, as well as the different levels of thermal conductivity of the external walls.

In actuality, you can use the following techniques to combine all heating devices:

• Troinikov connection;
• Rayev (collector) connection, when a separate pair of pipes for the straight and reverse supply of the coolant is brought to each heating device using the collector.

Pipe connections that are perimeter or trigeminal are less expensive. However, in order to repair a different radiator or site, the system must be fully shut off and released from the coolant because the devices are connected to one another and to a single riser via a pipeline. or outfitted with shut-off valves and bypasses, which will greatly raise the cost of the heating system.

One significant benefit of the radiation system

The device’s poetry diagram

Employing bendable polymer pipes

Option for a pipe eyeliner to the radiator

The radial version’s technical benefits

The primary and secondary ring principle

Radiation wiring’s technical apparatus

In the cabinet meant for him, the collector

When using traditional perimeter wiring, the pipeline is typically mounted in an open manner rather than being hidden. The majority of radiation heating systems are installed in the walls or floors. An interior with a lot of pipes installed on top of it is not good.

The warm floor’s hidden installation runs through a system of pipes that are arranged in accordance with the radiation scheme, based on technological specifications. For better architectural and technological reasons, the radial pipeline to heating devices is also hiddenly laid in the floor screed.

The system device on the perimeter method will be substantially less expensive to assemble the pipeline in accordance with the radiation scheme. But because of the peculiarities of this wiring, hot coolant is delivered simultaneously to every point.

When building pipelines radially, a lot of pipes can wreak havoc on the interior. All heating communications are therefore installed on the walls or the floor. There is essentially no chance of leakage beneath the screed because all connections stay on the surface. This is not possible with a trigeminal system, t.To. You’ll have to break the walls and floor due to compound wear.

Pipelines collected in accordance with the radiation scheme are installed in the shortest paths from the collector to the device rather than around the perimeter to minimize the amount of pipes used.

Collector wiring’s primary drawback is its lengthy length and high material consumption. The biggest benefit is that you can set up various temperatures in each room, making any space into a cozy microclimate.

The independent connections between each radiator and convector make it easy to perform maintenance and replace deteriorated parts of the system without having to turn off the heat throughout the house or apartment.

Any room can look much better with hidden installation, making only the heating radiators visible.

The choice of a circulation pump

Radial pipeline wiring is typically utilized in horizontal systems where the heat medium supply is lower. A pump that encourages warm liquid to circulate throughout the branches is needed.

The temperature indicators at the heating circuit’s input and output are balanced by the circulation pump. As a result, heating quality is improving. The system gets smaller and requires less materials.

Performance and the height of the pressure are taken into consideration when selecting the pump.

You must be aware of the diameter, length, and distance of the pipes from the pump in order to select the appropriate circulation device in relation to these features. These metrics ought to be computed at the draft stage already.

How to install a pump

In order to maximize the effectiveness of beneficial action and provide high-quality heating, the following factors must be considered:

1. Pumps with a wet rotor are mounted so that the shaft is horizontally.
2. The technique is usually put on the return of the pipeline system, since there are lower temperatures below. Newer devices can be installed on the supply circuit, they are not afraid of high temperatures.
3. Should be as close as possible to the expansion tank.
4. The pump with a thermostat must be far from hot objects.
5. The heating circuit should be equipped with a device for fragmentation. In the absence of its circulation pump, it is bought with an air vent .
6. To remove solid inclusions before installation, experts advise to wash the system.
7. Before starting the pump, it is worth filling the system with a coolant .

It is important to choose circulation equipment based on the heating system’s performance in order to prevent noise.

The question of whether one can live without a pump, sensors, and air vents is one that interests a lot of people. Yes, is the response. Nonetheless, since the coolant will circulate naturally, some conditions will need to be set up.

Experts seldom advise taking this course of action. The expansion tank must be positioned on the highest level, and the heating system’s radiation diagram necessitates the use of large diameter pipes.

A system that has natural fluid circulation may benefit most from a small cottage or other small item. Whatever heating system option is selected, though, every detail needs to be considered when the project is being drawn up.

You can read about the different kinds of circulation pumps in.

Radiation scheme of the heating system features of use in a two -story house

Installing the heating scheme with the distributor—radiation—in a two-story home is incredibly practical and efficient. The issue is that each heating device in this two-story private building’s heating system receives a separate coolant supply from the distributor.

Systems with one or two pipes for heating

In comparison to a more economical single-pipe heating system, the house’s interior—including the second floor—heats considerably more quickly because of the thoughtful and constructive features. The fact that the hot coolant supply pipeline and the return can be concealed beneath the flooring makes this heating scheme very attractive visually.

The absence of numerous connections on pipes is the primary (though not exclusive) merit of the radial heating scheme (this also helps to simplify installation work). Additionally, without loss or other issues, this type of system distributes heat throughout the highway in the most uniform manner possible.

Radiation heating systems with natural and forced circulation

Nowadays, it is generally not preferred to have a Leningrad heating system in a two-story building because it does not allow for maximum heating and savings.

Her system replaces a double-circuit radiation system, and it can be installed with coolant circulated naturally or under mandatory control through the highway.

It should be mentioned that each of these approaches has unique qualities that you should carefully consider before beginning.

The system of radial heating

• Natural circulation (gravity system of heating)-today is not used as widely as 10-15 years ago. The decline in popularity is due to the fact that the instruction to such systems involves the use of large diameter pipes, which is not always possible.

An expansion tank, which serves as a compensator for the coolant’s expansion, is also required for a two-pipe natural circulation heating system. Such equipment must be installed at the highest point in the house, which can be rather inconvenient at times.

However, in a two-story building with a two-pipe heating system, natural circulation can save money. A double-circuit system like this doesn’t need any extra equipment installed, especially pricey pumps.

Natural circulation heating system

Advice: The best course of action is to use the natural circulation in the heating system if the real estate item is utilized, for instance, as a summer home or as a long-term construction without electricity. The house will always be sufficiently warm and comfortable even in the absence of automation and additional coolant pumping.

• Forced circulation systems today are widespread. Another 5-10 years ago, such a heating option did not receive approval among consumers due to its high cost.
  Today, when the price of automation and equipment has decreased, two -pipe heating systems with forced circulation can allow everyone.

The primary benefit and characteristic of forced circulation is the coolant’s artificial "lease" through the pipes. The pump, which is installed in the feeding line or return, is a special piece of equipment used in this process.

It is impossible to overlook the fact that two-pipe forced circulation heating systems for two-story country homes do not place any significant demands on the house’s geometry, the branches’ lengths, or the hydraulic resistance of the pipelines. This is evident in a number of images and videos on the internet. The ideal temperature in each room of the house is also maintained with the aid of automation.

Forced circulation heating system

Choosing pipes

It is advised to follow several guidelines when choosing pipes because without them, a dependable heating system cannot be constructed:

1. Pipes should be made of fairly flexible material – this will help to avoid joints. The best option for a private house is stitched polyethylene.
2. Since the pipeline should not have joints (or their number should be minimized), therefore, again, the best choice is polyethylene pipes that are offered in the bays. It is undesirable to have joints for the following reason: Any connection is the weakest place in the system, and since the pipes are in the screed, their gap will bring many problems.
3. Pipe from stitched polyethylene should have a layer impenetrable for air. If this condition is violated and oxygen molecules penetrate through polyethylene into the heat carrier, the development of corrosion on the metal elements of the system – batteries and heat exchanger inevitable.
4. If we are talking about apartment buildings, stainless steel pipes will be the best choice, as they are able to withstand extreme loads that often arise during the operation of networks. In addition, stainless steel is resistant to corrosion.
5. When implementing a radial scheme, pipes of relatively small diameter are used (compared with the supply pipe). The diameter of the pipes, as a rule, fluctuates between 24 and 32 millimeters.
6. To ensure the security of the pipeline from mechanical influences, it is laid in a cement screed. In this case, the screed must be done very carefully so as not to transmit the highway.
7. You can apply a decorative coating on the floor only after a check for the absence of leaks in a cement screed has been checked.

Radiation wiring and warm floor

The "warm" floor system can also be set up using the radiation scheme. By using a well-planned project that considers every aspect, you can do away with the radiators and replace them with a warm floor that is heated by the primary source.

Unlike radiators, thermal flows will be dispersed equally throughout the space without producing the convection effect. Consequently, the air does not circulate with dust.

It is crucial to consider the following elements prior to putting the concept of building water-warm floors into practice:

• A reflecting screen with a layer of thermal insulation is laid on a concrete or wooden base;
• pipe is laid on top according to a loop -shaped scheme;
• Before pouring concrete, a hydraulic test of the system under pressure is performed for a day;
• the finish layer is a screed or flooring.

Every circuit’s collector ought to be fitted with thermostatic valves and flow meters, which let us precisely regulate the coolant’s temperature and flow rate.

Servo drives and thermostatic heads are useful tools for pipe wiring. These gadgets make it possible to automate a warm floor’s tasks. The system will adjust to variations in the room’s temperature, putting each room in a comfortable mode.

Warm floor radiation wiring necessitates the equipment of the collector by multiple components, enabling you to automate and regulate floor heating to attain optimal comfort and energy efficiency.

Prior to screeding the entire installation, it is critical that the pipes be fixed correctly. You can use a bracket, reinforcing mesh, or heater with grooves to accomplish this. It is essential to ascertain the path that the coolant will take in order to heat the floor before installing the pipeline (avoid pipes crossing). Cutting the pipe before fully laying and eyelining to the supplier collectors and the other side is the best course of action.

It’s crucial that the pipeline be under pressure when pouring. You cannot supply the coolant with the operating temperature until the concrete mixture has completely set, which will take three weeks. Only then do we begin at 25º, and we finish the design temperature in 4 days.

Features of installation

Depending on the size of the house, the number of rooms, the coolant and radiators that are selected, and other factors, each radial heating system is designed and installed separately.

Nevertheless, every installer follows a widely recognized guideline.

First of all, it should be mentioned that city apartments never have radiation wiring installed in their pipes. This is because all apartments in high-rise buildings are connected to each other via vertical risers, which carry the coolant supply from the first to the last floor.

Installing the collector in the apartment is not possible because it will leave the upper floors without any heating.

The heating network’s operating order will be broken since hot water won’t get to the buildings above due to the connection of strong collectors. Locals will be dissatisfied with the service provider, which will eventually compel you to disassemble collectors and go back to the heating organization’s trigular system.

Note: This does not apply if the apartment is heated by an autonomous boiler. He warms the coolant on his own, which will be sufficient to meet the needs of the house without interfering with the neighbors’ interests. The following details need to be considered when setting up radiation heating in a private residence:

The following details need to be considered when setting up radiation heating in a private residence:

1. On collectors supplying and draining water for batteries, valves are necessarily installed that prevent the formation of air traffic jams. During operation, all the air remaining in the system will come out through them.

You must install valves on the reverse pipelines that draw air in.

1. The heating circuit should be equipped with an expansion tank, the volume of which is 10% of the amount of coolant circulating through the pipes. It is advisable to buy closed -type membrane containers.
2. It is desirable to mount a tank on a pipeline that connects a diveting collector to a boiler. This is due to the fact that the hermetic expansion container does not like turbulent water flows, and they are less likely to appear precisely on the return.

The image shows a membrane-style expansion tank used in a heating system.

1. Unlike, the place of installation of circulation pumps is not so important. But it is advisable to connect them to a pipe that diverts cooled coolant. In this case, the equipment will work more time.
2. During the installation, you need to ensure that the shafts of the electric pumps are located strictly horizontally. Otherwise, the bearings will quickly fail due to distortions, and you will have to change or repair equipment.

One -pipe circuit of heating systems

A single-pipe heating system with both horizontal and vertical wiring.

A single pipe is used in a single-pipe heating circuit to remove the cooled coolant (return) and supply hot coolant (feed) to the radiator. All of the devices that deal with the coolant’s direction of motion are sequentially connected. As a result, after the heat from the preceding radiator is removed, the coolant temperature at the opening of each subsequent radiator on the riser is considerably lowered. As a result of being removed from the first device, radiator heat transfer decreases.

These kinds of schemes are primarily utilized in autonomous gravitational type systems (natural coolant circulation) in private residential buildings and in older central heat supply systems of multi-story buildings. The inability to independently adjust the heat transfer of each radiator separately is the primary drawback of a single-pipe system.

A single-pipe scheme with a bypass (a jumper between the supply and return) can be used to get around this problem, but in this scheme, the first radiator on the branch is always the hottest, and the last is the coldest.

The vertical one-pipe heating system is utilized in the multi-story buildings.

In multi -storey buildings, the use of such a scheme allows you to save on the length and cost of supplying networks. As a rule, the heating system is made in the form of vertical risers passing through all the floors of the building. The heat transfer of radiators is calculated when designing the system and cannot be adjusted using radiator valves or other regulatory valves. Under modern requirements for comfortable conditions in the premises, this scheme for connecting water heating devices does not satisfy the requirements of the inhabitants of apartments located on different floors, but attached to one riser of the heating system. Consumers of heat are forced to “endure” overheating or underwear of air temperature in the transitional autumn and spring period.

Heating in a private home using a single pipe system.

Single-pipe schemes for gravitational heating networks are used in private homes. These networks circulate hot water by means of a differential in the densities of heated and cooled coolants. As a result, these systems are known as natural. This system’s primary benefit is its energy dependence. For instance, when the heating system keeps running when there isn’t a circulation pump linked to the system’s power supply networks or during energy-related power outages.

One major problem with the gravitational single-pipe connection scheme is that the coolant temperature distribution through the radiators is uneven. The temperature will decrease as heat is drawn from the heat source, starting with the hottest radiators on the branch. Because gravitational systems have larger pipeline diameters than forced systems, their metal consumption is always higher.

An apartment building’s single-pipe heating system is demonstrated in this video:

Methods of heating circulation

There are various forms of coolant circulation that the heating system can use. Among them are:

• Forced method of circulation;
• AND .

In a natural circulation, every component of the heating system distributes the coolant on its own via convection. Large diameter pipes are used in the heating system to guarantee optimal circulation in a natural manner. The area of the heated room is somewhat limited by the natural coolant circulation method’s lower efficiency. Small private homes are the typical settings for this technique.

The forced circulation technique has a long and solid history. Nowadays, a plethora of extremely efficient and small circulation pumps are available on the market. There is a good amount of operating resource in these pumps.

It’s crucial to accurately modify the coolant circulation speed when installing a radial system. It is possible to install the pump on both the feed and the return.

You can make sure that there is a sufficient amount of coolant available by using a circulation pump. It is also necessary to consider this parameter when choosing the pump.

Because forced circulation has so many benefits, it is currently the most widely used method of coolant transfer. One of the benefits is that the cost of circulation pumps is relatively low.

How to make fan wiring

The most crucial component of the system under consideration is the collector. All floors of a two-story building must have collectors installed when a fan heating system is to be set up. Hiding in a special cabinet are collectors. They will be simple to serve or control in the future, if needed.

The hydraulic stability of the entire heating process has a significant impact on the reduction of the number of compounds.

The boiler serves as the system’s central component. The power of boiler equipment, heat consumption of heat devices, and system thermal losses must all be considered in order for the efficiency to constantly aim for the maximum indicator.

This holds true for all boilers, regardless of the fuel type they use.

It’s important to keep in mind that a lengthy pipeline system may allow some heat to be lost.

Combined scheme for wiring heating pipelines

There are frequently multiple heating devices in a room instead of just one. When wiring collective beams, bring a separate two-pipe loop vegetation to each radiator in an illogical manner. It is preferable to install a different branch in every room to avoid multiple heating units and create a dead end or passing scheme.

The heating system’s combined wiring scheme.

Compute a system like radiation. A separate calculation is made to determine whether a branch is a dead end or passes by the branches that supply coolant to multiple radiators. These days, radiators come equipped with thermal cellpans, or temperature controllers, that users can program to operate at various temperatures according to the room’s current comfort needs. It is challenging to keep the room’s temperature regime stable.

It turns out that you can eliminate instability while also cutting the expense of connecting radiators through a technique known as the "passing scheme."

An illustration of the radiator connections that is "passing"

The thermal class regulates the coolant flow rate for all heating devices that are regularly turned on, but it is only applied to the first radiator in the circuit. People view them as a single radiator. When a device has ten or more sections, it will become difficult to balance.

Elements

Basic

Which components of the radiation heating scheme must be present?

Image	Element of the heating system
	Flooding and return. They connect the heat source (boiler, heat pump, central heating riser, etc.D.) with collectors.
	Feed and return collectors. They connect to the outlets of heating devices. Each collector’s discharge is equipped with a shut-off reinforcing reinforcement-a ball crane, a throttle or a thermal gun. The reinforcement makes an independent shutdown and adjustment of each individual device possible.
	Eyeliners. Each radiator or convector connects to the collector of its own pair of pipes. As a rule, the eyeliners are laid in a screed, under the flooring or in strobes.
	Airmer (Maevsky crane or ordinary water -cut crane). It is placed in the upper cork of each radiator. The heating device is mounted above the eyeliner and when the circuit is discharged, it will be imported.
	Circulation pump, a hydraulic pressure creating in the heating circuit and encouraging the coolant circulation. Thin and long eyeliners have high hydraulic resistance and are unable to work with natural circulation. Usually the pump is installed on a reverse heating rosality between the collector and the heat source.

Additional

The home’s dual heating contours (warm floor and radiators) with varying operating temperatures are also part of the heating system.

• Hydrothed. It is a bayspois pipe between the supply and return, which allows you to synchronize the work of several contours and reduce their influence on each other to a minimum;

Multiple heating contours with various operating modes are synchronized by the hydraulic shootout.

• A three -way thermostatic mixer, limiting the overpoint of hot water from the high -temperature circuit to a low -temperature.

A three-way thermostatic valve mixed with a heated floor (left at the top).

The main advantages and disadvantages of the radiation heating system

Many of the benefits of radiation heating schemes were predetermined by their organization, some of which are as follows:

• Reliable work – the system eliminates the likelihood of hydraulic strokes; It has few weaknesses, since the number of pipeline joints from the collector to the radiator is minimized, or they are completely absent;
• Independence from the configuration and size of the building (flexibility) – it allows you to ensure effective heating of the house of any layout and number of storeys;
• Balance – all heating devices are heated evenly;
• the possibility of regulation, including automated, temperature in each of the premises;
• The simplicity of repair and preventive work – the replacement of damaged areas does not require opening the flooring; To conduct such measures, the desired circuit (beam) is disconnected without affecting the functionality of the system;
• the ability to modify the system at any stage of creation and operation;
• Aesthetic appearance – pipelines are usually laid in the floor design, and collectors are installed in special cabinets or niches.

The radial heating scheme is very efficient, but it has a few drawbacks:

• high material intensity and, accordingly, the price is due to a significant total length of pipelines, as well as the need to acquire a large number of connecting elements, regulatory reinforcement, collectors, pumps, sensors, etc.D.;
• the need for competent and high -quality installation in order to avoid problems in the future.

Analysis of all for and against doing or not to do

You must consider all the advantages and disadvantages of the radial system when creating an estimate and a heating wiring project. To anyone who is even slightly interested in individual construction, her drawbacks are as follows:

• material consumption and, accordingly, a higher cost compared to trigeminal wiring;
• the need to allocate a place for a collector block or special cabinet.

On the video, you can observe some of the working principles of this kind of wiring:

Regarding the pluses, it is hard to define them precisely, but everyone is aware of what they are. The majority of the time, you can hear that better wiring is simply radiation-resistant. However, it offers numerous benefits and opportunities:

• Simplicity of design and installation: from the distribution collector to radiators, pipes of the same diameter are used;
• With hidden pipe laying in the floor there are no compounds;
• ease of installation due to a small number of connecting elements;
• Hydraulic stability of the radiation system. This is especially important for those who use plumbing, mainly imported, the working pressure of which is three atmospheres;
• The system is balanced, all rooms are warmed up evenly;
• The damaged fragment of the pipe can be replaced without opening the floor;
• shutdown of only one radiator with the feed and reverse highways (the rest of the radiators work);
• the ability to adjust the temperature in each individual room mechanically or using electronics;
• the possibility of installing control and shut -off valves (duct sensors and temperature, air vents, shut -off cranes and thermal heads).

Visit this link to learn more about the techniques used to regulate the temperature in heating systems: aqua-rmnt.COM/Otoplenie/Radiatory/Regulirovka-Temperatury.HTML.

The radiation system’s efficacy stems from its adaptability as well as the ability to incorporate contemporary automation. You can program the temperature to adjust automatically based on weather conditions by using the external control panel and data exchange contact. Additionally, you can customize parameters that are practical for residents using the sensors in the rooms.

Radiant Heating System	Explanation
Components	The system consists of a boiler, tubing, and a control panel.
Boiler	Heats water which is then circulated through the tubing.
Tubing	Installed beneath the floor or within walls, it distributes heat evenly.
Control Panel	Allows users to adjust temperature settings and scheduling.
Wiring Options	Explanation
Series Wiring	All tubing is connected in a single loop.
Parallel Wiring	Tubing is divided into zones, each with its own loop for more precise control.

A comfortable and effective home depends on having a thorough understanding of the heating radiation system and its wiring options. Instead of relying only on forced air, this system emits heat from a variety of surfaces, including ceilings, walls, and floors. It has a number of benefits, such as more uniform heat distribution, lower energy usage, and better indoor air quality.

Your home’s layout, size, and individual heating requirements should all be taken into account when choosing the wiring options and scheme for a radiation heating system. Radiation systems come in a variety of forms, each with unique installation needs and advantages, such as radiant floor heating, wall-mounted panels, or ceiling-mounted panels.

Selecting the appropriate wiring solution is equally crucial. You’ll have to choose between hydronic and electric systems. Although they are less expensive and easier to install, electric systems can eventually be more expensive to operate. Hot water or steam systems, or hydronic systems, use less energy but need complex piping and a boiler or water heater.

The secret to optimizing effectiveness and performance is proper installation, regardless of the system and wiring option you select. Working with knowledgeable experts who can plan and implement the system in accordance with the unique needs of your house and regional building codes is crucial.

In conclusion, knowing the heating radiation system and the wiring options available to them enables homeowners to design a comfortable and energy-efficient living space with confidence. Through careful consideration of variables like system type, wiring option, and installation quality, homeowners can minimize energy costs and minimize the environmental impact of radiant heating.

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