DIY pyrolysis furnace with your own hands: scheme, drawing and step -by -step instructions

Sustainable practices and efficiency are important factors to take into account when heating our homes. Conventional furnaces can be expensive to operate and may use fossil fuels, which exacerbates environmental problems. Still, there are options that provide warmth and environmental friendliness. A homemade pyrolysis furnace is one such device that uses the power of wood gasification to produce heat. This post will walk you through the process of building a DIY pyrolysis furnace, complete with schematics, drawings, and easy-to-follow instructions.

Wood gas, also called syngas, is a flammable gas that is produced during the process of pyrolysis, which involves heating organic materials like wood without the presence of oxygen. For heating, this gas can be utilized as a clean, renewable fuel source. You can efficiently convert wood into heat energy while reducing waste and your impact on the environment by building a pyrolysis furnace.

Although creating your own pyrolysis furnace may seem difficult at first, it is a doable do-it-yourself project with the correct resources and advice. The basic idea is to build a chamber that can be used for pyrolysis of wood and include mechanisms to direct the generated gas toward combustion and control airflow. You can build a working furnace that reliably heats your home if you pay attention to detail and follow safety procedures.

The ability of DIY pyrolysis furnaces to be customized and adjusted to various materials and setups is one of their benefits. You can alter the design to fit your needs based on your preferences and the resources you have at your disposal. There is flexibility in the way you approach the construction process, regardless of whether you have limited space or particular aesthetic requirements. Building your own furnace also gives you a better understanding of its internal operations, enabling you to troubleshoot and make necessary adjustments.

Materials Needed	Tools Required
55-gallon metal drum, metal pipe, firebricks, metal grate, fire-resistant sealant	Drill, jigsaw, welding machine, hammer, wrench
Step 1: Prepare the Drum	Step 2: Cut Openings
Remove any residue from the drum and clean it thoroughly. Make sure it"s completely dry.	Mark and cut an opening near the bottom for the air inlet and another near the top for the flue pipe.
Step 3: Create Air Inlet	Step 4: Install Flue Pipe
Drill multiple holes around the bottom opening to allow air into the furnace.	Weld the flue pipe to the top opening, ensuring it"s securely attached.
Step 5: Construct Fire Bed	Step 6: Seal Openings
Place firebricks inside the drum to create a sturdy base for the fire.	Apply fire-resistant sealant around the air inlet and flue pipe to prevent leaks.
Step 7: Test the Furnace	Step 8: Start Using
Light a small fire in the furnace and monitor its performance.	Once satisfied with its operation, start using the furnace for pyrolysis.

What is a long burning oven? What principle is its work based on?

First we need to figure out how firewood actually. In order for the wood to ignite, it first needs to be heated to a temperature of about one and a half hundred degrees from an external heat source. As a rule, this task is performed by a paper -setting paper or chips. The tree begins to slowly bend and when reaching a mark of about 250 degrees – decompose into simple chemical components. White smoke that we can observe by inciting a fire is gases and water vapor secreted by heated wood. And now, having crossed the level of three hundred degrees, gaseous substances that have been released from the tree are ignited, contributing to the further acceleration of the thermochemical reaction.

Pyrolysis is the process of breaking down organic fuel on its own, like a tree, using simple elements. And all would be well, but standard wood burning does not make full use of the energy carrier’s inherent potential. There is a lot of waste, which ultimately doesn’t help with saving.

Fuel is used far more effectively by pyrolysis furnaces, one of the options we will discuss in this article. The primary trick is that the energy carrier itself burns apart from the gases that are released during heating. Concurrently, the principal fuel smolders gradually, enabling you to accomplish a great deal more work with a single log laying. Everything burns almost completely in Bubafony type poles and other pyrolysis heating devices, leaving behind very little ash.

The process of burning

The history of the creation of the pyrolysis furnace "Bubafony"

Athanasius Bubyakin, a craftsman from Kolyma, gathered Bubafonu for the first time. Well, she was named after him. The master’s product was based on the Lithuanian-made Stropuva pyrolysis boiler. In order to make the structure easily replicable on its own, Athanasius simplified it as much as possible. For this reason, the DIY pyrolysis oven known as "Bubafony" is well-known.

It should be noted right away that a homemade heating device rarely has an appealing and aesthetically pleasing type because it is constructed from readily available improvised materials. Bubafoni’s simplicity, dependability, and efficacy are its key advantages.

An example of an Athanasius Bubyakin design created at home using an old gas cylinder can be seen below.

Two stoves made of Bubafonia from cylinders

The internal device of the long burning furnace "Bubafony"

• The main element in the design of "Bubafoni" is its case. As a rule, it has a cylindrical shape: a cylinder, a large fire extinguisher, a barrel or a thick pipe with a welded bottom.
• Picturer for the removal of spent combustion products. It is made, in most cases, from a metal pipe 11-25 centimeters in diameter, welded to the upper part of the case.
• Piston-refiner. It is a metal circle with ribs welded at the bottom, in the center of which the duct pipe is fixed. The ribs allow you to create an additional air layer between the piston and logs, which positively affects the process of smoldering and the activity of the release of pyrolysis gases.
• Adjusting valve that allows you to control the supply of the oxidizing agent inside the furnace.
• Opening cover for air duct. Together with the piston, it forms a secondary combustion chamber, in which ignition of pyrolysis gases occurs.

The "Bubafony" home-made pyrolysis furnace schematic diagram.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pyrolysis stove

First, it’s important to highlight this heating device’s advantages:

• "Bubafony" has a very simple design. Owning a welding machine and basic skills in working with metal, anyone can easily and simply make a stove with your own hands.
• Bubafonia pyrolysis stove is not at all picky in terms of choosing a solid fuel energy carrier. It will regularly burn on wood, coal, sawdust, chips and other waste waste. In addition, pellets can be loaded into it – inexpensive and environmentally friendly granular fuel.
• Working hours. After one loading of firewood, a pyrolysis oven can continuously function and heat the air of the room up to 24 hours. This indicator, however, can vary to a significant extent, depending on the volume of the chamber, the speed of the oxidizing agent and other parameters.

However, everything comes at a cost, so the Bubafonia furnace’s internal device’s simplicity has certain drawbacks:

• "Bubafony" does not have high indicators in the coefficient of useful action. This is due to the uneven heating of the cylinder body (barrel) and lower heat transfer. The pyrolysis furnaces of more complex and perfect structures, in turn, boast of excellent efficiency in terms of efficiency, practically reaching a value of 90%.
• “Bubafonu” is inconvenient to clean from the remnants of combustion products: ashes with ash you have to remove through the top. However, this home -made heater can be improved by welding below the door that allows you to easily rake all the excess from the bottom of the furnace.
• Aesthetic unattractiveness. The design is quite rough in appearance and is unlikely to become an adornment of the internal interior of the room in which it will be installed.

The manufacture of the furnace yourself

There are five primary steps in the process of building a homemade pyrolysis boiler, called "Bubafony":

1. Preparation of the premises, materials and tools for work
2. Installation and assembly of the structure
3. The arrangement of the chimney
4. Laying the foundation for a pyrolysis furnace

Let’s take a closer look at each of them.

Drawing of the pyrolysis furnace "Bubafony". Calculation of basic proportions.

The fundamental proportion in the process of designing a home -made pyrolysis furnace from a gas cylinder is the mathematical ratio of the size of the internal diameter of the case to its height. In the drawing, the diameter is indicated by the letter D, and the height is h. The ratio of N to D should be in the range from three to five to one. The diameter itself in optimal conditions will be about 30-80 centimeters. The housing for a furnace is less than 30 centimeters, you should not choose, since the oxidizing agent will pass too quickly through the combustion chamber without fulfilling the reaction with the fuel. This will significantly reduce the efficiency of the device. A diameter of more than 80 centimeters is undesirable for a different reason: in such a boiler, firewood from the edge burn very slowly, and in the center – faster. When fuel is burned out, a hole will form into which the piston will fail, which will lead to the extinction of Bubafoni.

Compute the elemental proportions in the "Bubafony" pyrolysis furnace.

The second most significant calculated value is wall thickness Δ. A 4-5 mm steel case works best for heat transfer. The heater’s service life and the amount of time it can run between refuelings will be greatly shortened by the walls’ reduced thickness.

The piston’s pancake pancake measurements are as follows:

Space With The ideal calculation for the distance between the piston and the case’s inner surface is 0.05*D. As a result, the formula d = d-2*h will be used to determine the pancake’s diameter.

It is thought to be more complex to press ribs out of metal profiles at a height. In this case, there is nonlinear dependence between the parameter values. Empirically, we accept this value to be equal to 0.1*D for furnace housing diameters ranging from 60 to 80 cm. We employ an equation-transaction for Bubafoni, a smaller size, keeping in mind that with D0= 30 cm and H0= 4 cm.

An illustration of a proportional calculation. The cylinder’s inner diameter is 40 cm. We take into account the required channel height as follows: h = 4*40/30 = 5.3 cm = d*h0/D0

The pancakes’ thickness σ. The inner diameter of "Bubafoni" d is inversely proportional to this parameter. The piston that has the maximum amount of strength must crush the fuel layer. Low pressure will result in a decrease in the furnace’s reversing coefficient and an increased risk of a boiler reverse fire as smoke escapes through the duct. In turn, if the piston is too heavy, there won’t be enough air gaps and "Bubafon" for firewood.

The table below can be used to find this value. It is sufficient to follow this parameter, at least roughly, and there are no special requirements for doing so.

D	σ
30 cm	from 6 to 10 mm
40 cm	from 6 to 8 mm
60 cm	4 to 6 mm
80 cm	from 2.5 to 4 mm

The chimney’s minimum necessary area is calculated. Based on the maximum fuel energy per hour, the minimum allowable value for area S of the pipe is determined. S (refer to 2) = 1.75 * E (kWh/h). Simultaneously, E = m*Q, where M is the mass of loaded fuel, which can be determined by multiplying its density (as shown in the table below) by the maximum layer volume V = Hf*(π*d 2 /4). The specific energy required for a unit of fuel to burn for an hour is known as the Q cofficient (also see the reference table).

Fuel	Density (kg/dm3)	Energy (kW/hour)
Aspen logs	0.143	2.82
Coniferous shavings (sawdust)	0.137	3.20
Briquettes from alder	0.285	3.50
Coal	0.400	4.85
Peat	0.340	2.36

Determination of the air intake’s diameter

It won’t be hard to determine the piston air duct’s diameter if you know the diameter of the chimney pipe. This value, denoted as D, is equivalent to half the square root of the 4s/π ratio.

Preparation of the premises, materials and tools for work

Not every room is suitable for work because the assembly "Bubafoni" requires the use of a welding machine. Make sure you have adequate ventilation, a steady supply of electricity, and sturdy wiring (welding can lead to a chain overload). Furthermore, since installation may take several days, the room needs to be fairly large and shielded from atmospheric precipitation. Since your neighbors are unlikely to be pleased with the noise produced by your grinder, welding, or other tools, having good sound insulation in your workspace is also essential.

After deciding on a good installation location, we start the material preparation process.

• The basis for a pyrolysis stove will serve us as an old gas cylinder. Instead, you can also use a voluminous (about 200 l) steel or cast -iron barrel with strong walls without traces of corrosion, a large spent fire extinguisher or even a metal pipe with a welded bottom from a steel circle.
• Next, we will need blanks for the supporting "legs". In principle, you can try to do without them, but Bubafonya on the legs will be much more stable, it is more difficult to accidentally turn it over with an awkward movement. Supports can be made of metal profile, reinforcement and even segments of steel tubes.
• “Handles” for a more convenient carrying of a home -made stove, we can also create from scraps of reinforcement. Also, they will not be superfluous on the Bubafoni cover: this will greatly simplify the process of loading firewood and cleaning the boiler from ash.

Many choices for do-it-yourself furnace legs

Reinforced legs

Segments of pipes with legs

Metal profile legs

Additional ingredients needed to make Bubafoni are as follows:

• Sheet steel for the manufacture of a piston;
• Two metal pipes for the chimney and duct. The optimal diameter of the supply of the pipe is about 85-100 mm, and its length should be approximately 150 mm exceeding the height of the cylinder. The chimney will require a wider pipe, with a diameter of about 150 mm. As for its length, it should be equal to at least the cross section of the cylinder;
• Metal profile (channel);
• Gravel, concrete and refractory brick for the manufacture of the foundation;

There won’t be a long list of instruments required. We’ll make use of:

• Hammer;
• Vise;
• Shovel;
• Trowel;
• Portable apparatus for electric welding with a set of electrodes;
• A grinder for cutting parts;
• Roulette, pencil, plumb line and level;

Installation and assembly of the structure. The arrangement of the chimney.

1. First of all, we perform a neat cut in the upper part of the cylinder. The resulting cap will serve us later as a oven cover.

The "Bubafony" baby pyrolysis furnace.

1. To the bottom of the cylinder, we fix the home -made legs with electric welding. The correctness of their installation can be checked using a level or plumb.
2. The manufacture of the piston "Bubafoni" occurs in three stages:

• First we cut out a circle of steel. Its transverse dimensions should be less than the internal diameter of the gas cylinder by about 3.5-4.5 cm to ensure free exit to the generated pyrolysis gases in the secondary chamber. In the central part of the circle, we make another hole so that it is possible to tightly insert the end of the pipe-airplane.

Gathering to make a frying piston

• We weld a circle and a metal pipe together.

Welded air duct to the base circle

• On the basis of the workpiece for the piston, we fix the slicer trimming with welding.

Metal profile segments that are clunked and fastened to the piston’s rear

The final product will resemble this in general:

Pyrolysis stove assembly on the pier

1. We construct the oven cover. In the center of the cut upper part of the old gas cylinder, we mark the hole. This must be done so that the duct pipe with a fixed supply piston can freely move in it. By marking, make the necessary neckline. On the sides of the impromptu lid we weld the handles of bent using a vice and hammer of the reinforcement segments.

Cover by Bubafoni. Metal rings were used in place of handles for reinforcement.

The chimney is installed in the upper section of the makeshift pyrolysis furnace. Using a grinder, we carefully drill a hole in the pipe-pipe’sdimensions.

Video: how to cut an even hole under the chimney with a grinder.

Welded chimney at the cylinder’s top

The chimney should be made up of two "knees" joined at a right angle to provide improved traction. In order to accomplish this, we use a grinder to create even sections at a 45-degree angle on the ends of the horizontal pipe that exit the cylinder and another segment with the same diameter, and we then weld the pipes together.

The chimney’s appearance

Furthermore, it is highly recommended that a special capture cap be installed to protect the chimney. This will stop moisture and precipitation from the outside from entering the furnace and causing it to attenuate.

The way the chimney reflector looked

Based on this, the majority of the installation work can be said to be finished. The furnace is now fully operational. We can only outfit her with a unique foundation and start direct operation if that’s what you want.

Laying the foundation for a pyrolysis furnace

There will be three phases to the planning of the Bubafoni foundation:

1. First we need to dig a square of a square shape of about one and a half meters in size. The optimal depth for the foundation will be approximately 20-30 centimeters.

Pit for the furnace’s foundation

1. Brind the crushed stone inside and pour it on top with a concrete solution. The surface is aligned with a trowel. After drying, we check the quality of the resulting plane level and additionally adjust it, if necessary.

The stove’s foundation is concrete.

1. Когда бетон полностью высохнет, укладываем поверх основания несколько рядов огнеупорного кирпича. As a rule, two or three brick layers will be quite enough.

Brick that is resistant to fire was placed on the furnace foundation.

This post will walk you through building your own pyrolysis furnace, which is an affordable and environmentally responsible way to heat your house. With an easy-to-follow blueprint, uncomplicated design, and comprehensive instructions, you will discover how to build this furnace with easily acquired components. Furnaces for pyrolysis not only produce heat but also minimize waste by making effective use of organic materials. A useful and satisfying do-it-yourself project for any homeowner is building their own pyrolysis furnace, regardless of their desire to reduce their carbon footprint or save money on heating bills.

Bubafonia

After removing the cylinder lid, we extract the piston-gunner from the inside using a welded air duct.

Insert the wooden logs. They have to be positioned closely apart in a horizontal plane. If the log with the under-bearing rib moves, the vertical placement of firewood may result in rather unpleasant outcomes. As a result, a full-fledged fire will ignite in the main chamber as opposed to smouldering there. As a result, the firewood will burn more quickly, the furnace’s proper mode of operation will be broken, and it may even start to smoke through the duct. It is not possible to lay the logs above where the chimney is.

Reserving wood for a pyrolysis oven

Cover the wood with sawdust-covered chips. We soak an old piece of cloth in kindling fluid (kerosene works great too) and place it over a layer of chips. Paper can be used as an alternative to rags.

Kerosene treatment of the laying’s top layer

Reinstall the oven cover after pressing the laying with the piston.

Fitting a piston with a cover

We threw a lit piece of paper or veterus inside the pipe-airplane, which ignited the firewood. Because it manages to go out before it falls, the Bubafoni match is inappropriate.

Covering the duct valve is necessary after the bookmark has flared up nicely, which should take 15 to 25 minutes. As a result, there will be less air available for the main combustion chamber, which will cause the logs to smolder and release pyrolysis gases. Bubafony will now operate in its primary mode.

Video instruction. Bubafonia

Building your own DIY pyrolysis furnace for home heating can be a satisfying and environmentally beneficial project. It not only offers a productive means of producing heat, but it also enables you to lessen your dependency on fossil fuels and make a positive impact on a more sustainable future.

You can build a pyrolysis furnace that meets your exact needs and space requirements by using the scheme and drawing that are provided, along with the step-by-step instructions that walk you through the process. Customization options let you modify the design to fit your needs, whether you’re heating a larger home or a tiny cabin.

The capacity of a pyrolysis furnace to use a range of organic materials as fuel is one of its benefits. You have the freedom to select sustainable sources that might otherwise go to waste thanks to the variety of fuel options, which range from wood chips and sawdust to agricultural waste.

Furthermore, biochar is a useful byproduct of pyrolysis that can be used to enhance soil health and sequester carbon. This implies that you’re fighting climate change and restoring the environment in addition to heating your house efficiently.

To sum up, creating your own DIY pyrolysis furnace gives you the ability to take charge of your heating requirements and has a positive environmental impact. You can design a heating solution that is efficient and long-lasting with careful planning and close attention to detail.

Video on the topic

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Abalden refinement of my Bubafoni. Just super how I began to work.

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Pyrolysis furnace "Bubafony".

Bubafona stove from a gas cylinder. Kuleshov farm in.AND.