Distribution comb of the heating system: purpose, principle of operation, connection rules

Any home must have a heating system in order to be comfortable and warm during the winter. The distribution comb is one of a heating system’s many components that is essential to effectively distributing heat throughout the house. Maintaining an efficient heating setup requires knowledge of its function, mode of operation, and proper connection techniques.

The manifold, sometimes referred to as a distribution comb, acts as a central hub for the distribution of heated water from the boiler to various rooms in the house. Consider it the central component of the heating system, where hot water enters and is routed to different circuits that supply underfloor heating systems or radiators in distinct rooms.

A distribution comb functions on a comparatively simple principle. The water is pumped into the distribution comb after it has reached the appropriate temperature in the boiler. From there, the design of the comb enables the controlled flow of hot water into distinct circuits, guaranteeing that every room is heated to the right temperature.

The distribution comb’s correct connection is essential to the heating system’s overall performance. Proper connection of each circuit to the comb is necessary to guarantee effective heat distribution. This entails attaching the boiler’s supply and return pipes to the corresponding comb ports and connecting the outlet pipes that go to each heating circuit.

In general, homeowners hoping to maintain a cozy and effective heating system must comprehend the function, rules of operation, and connections of the distribution comb. Even in the coldest months of the year, homes can have constant warmth throughout their living spaces by making sure this central component is installed and operating correctly.

Purpose	The distribution comb of the heating system is designed to evenly distribute hot water or steam from the boiler to various parts of the house, ensuring consistent heating throughout.
Principle of Operation	The distribution comb operates by receiving hot water or steam from the boiler and then directing it through a series of channels or pipes to different areas of the house. It typically has multiple outlets, each connected to a specific heating zone.
Connection Rules	When connecting the distribution comb, it"s crucial to ensure proper alignment and sealing of the connections to prevent leaks. Additionally, the comb should be installed in a central location within the heating system to optimize distribution efficiency.

Advantages and disadvantages of collector heating

There are benefits and drawbacks to collector heating in an apartment or private home. The following are some of this system’s benefits:

1. Repayable. If the breakdown is detected, you can easily turn off the individual section of the pipeline without completely interrupting the system.
2. You can use small pipes. Since each branch exiting from the distributor feeds only one radiator, for its laying it is possible to choose a small cross -section, while they can be easily placed in a screed.
3. Simplicity of operation. Due to the fact that each device has autonomous control, the owner of the house has the opportunity to set the temperature in any particular room. And if necessary, then turn off the heating devices in the room. Moreover, the temperature in the remaining rooms will remain the same.
4. You can install a collector heating system of a private house with your own hands.

One drawback of this heating system is the expenses associated with the economic plan.

Use distribution wiring with a hydraulic compensator to create multiple branches with different attributes, such as different coolant pressures. An expansive pipe with multiple independent branches connected to the outputs is called a hydraulic shotgun.

The system’s efficiency rises as a result of heated water reaching radiators with little loss. By doing this, you can lower the boiler’s power and save fuel.

There are drawbacks to the heating system. The principal one is:

1. Pipe consumption. Unlike the classical connection, the consumption of pipes during the arrangement of the collector scheme increases by 2-3 times. The difference in the cost is due to the number of produced premises.
2. The presence of circulation pumps is required, which will entail additional material investments.

You must open the floor in case something were to happen to the pipes.

Another drawback is the reliance on electricity, which means that even with a functional boiler, the radiators will stay cold if the electricity is switched off. It is therefore not recommended to use these systems in areas where power outages occur frequently.

2 The principle of work

The system is fitted with both a pump for liquid circulation and shut-off mechanisms since the boiler room supplier provides the heat carrier to the circuit. The coolant is collected by the second comb in the collector.

Furthermore, the collector has a hydraulic shot, temperature and pressure sensors, and other components. The latter preserves the ideal temperature differential between the coolant entering and leaving the system.

Local combs vary in size and method of operation. There might be multiple in the heating system of these combs. The circulating fluid is mixed in extra combs if hot water is used to replace the main collector in its entirety.

Until the temperature drops below the predetermined threshold, the heat carrier moves within them along the closed contour. The temperature regime is controlled by a sensor, and when the temperature drops, it opens a valve that blocks the flow of liquid from the main line. Arriving next is a hotter coolant blended with chilled.

These collectors come with an additional pump in place of the hydraulic shootout. He pushes water forward along the curve, delivering a steady supply of heated fluid from the main road. Additionally, the boiler receives the same volume of cold water again, but via a different pipe called the return. To warm floors and connect radiators, local collectors are utilized.

The sequence of work

It appears that making a comb is a fairly easy process:

1. It is necessary to purchase materials in accordance with the decisions made at the stage of designing the distributor.
2. Holes under the taps are cut in the workpiece for the case. If a round pipe is used in this capacity, then first on paper you need to draw a flaw open (in everyday life it is called a “fish”). Next, the scan is cut out, applied to the pipe and outlined by a pencil or marker. After that, a hole is cut out – with preliminary drilling along the contour or using a gas cutter.
3. We weld the bounces to the tuck body using electric welding. Plugs are welded to the ends, which, if necessary, are also equipped with nozzles.
4. The resulting product must be checked for tightness. We leave one discharge open, we close all the others tightly. After that, fill the collector with hot water and observe if the welds will flow the welds to flow. It will not hurt to get a manual pump for crimping and check the reliability of the seams under pressure.

It is not required to use a round pipe for the collector case; a square will work just as well.

Once the tests are successful, you can color the comb and install it once the paint has dried.

It is still required even if the warm floor is only installed in one space. The website features a review of collectors along with their prices.

Calculation of rowing bandwidth

The length of the camshaft, the cross-sectional area of the pipes that make up the shaft, and the number of heat supply circuits are precisely calculated. It is preferable for engineers to perform the computations using computer programs; in a simplified implementation, they are only useful during the design sketch stage.

The collector’s input and output combus diameters must match, and the pipes’ total capacity must equal the collector pipe’s comparable parameter (the rule of total sections) for the hydraulic balance to occur.

• n is the sector area of the collector4
• N1, N2, N3, N4 – Squares.

The heating system’s maximum thermal power should be taken into consideration when selecting a comb. The factory product’s intended power is specified in the technical passport.

For instance, a camshaft with a 90 mm diameter is used for powers up to 50 kW; if the power is higher than that, the diameter must be increased to 110 mm. The risk of an impressive heating system is eliminated only in this manner.

The collector pipe’s section is equivalent to three connected pipes’ diameters, the supply and reverse combs are six diameters apart, and the pipes are three diameters apart from one another.

Additionally helpful is the rule of three diameters (cm; the drawing is higher). The precise amount of water used in the heating system is used as the foundation for calculating the circulation pump’s performance.

Every pump is computed independently, both for the system as a whole and in accordance with the contours. The calculated numbers are rounded to the nearest whole number. A tiny power supply is preferable to one that pays too little.

The distribution comb in a heating system serves as a crucial component, ensuring efficient heat distribution throughout the house. Its purpose is simple: to evenly channel hot water from the boiler to various areas, ensuring consistent warmth in every room. Operating on a straightforward principle, the comb works by receiving heated water from the boiler and then evenly distributing it through pipes connected to radiators or underfloor heating systems. Proper connection is key; it should be installed close to the boiler and before branching off to different zones. Following connection rules diligently ensures optimal performance, preventing issues like uneven heating or pressure drops. In essence, the distribution comb acts as the heart of the heating system, ensuring comfort and coziness throughout the home.

Modifications of the distribution rowing

There are many different types of heating system collectors available on the equipment market today.

Manufacturers provide collector blocks with a complete set of mounted elements in addition to the binding links of the most basic performance, the design of which does not call for the presence of auxiliary reinforcement for the regulation of equipment.

A collector block with every component required to maintain a high-performing heating system in an uninterrupted manner

Brass models with an inch-wide branch passage and two connecting holes on the sides make the device simple to operate.

These devices have plugs on the reverse manifold; however, if you want to "build" the system, you can always install more devices in its place.

Ball valves are a feature of intermediate prefabricated nodes, which are more sophisticated in constructive solutions. There is a locking adjustment reinforcement installed for each discharge in them. Navated, pricey models have the following options:

• consumables, the main purpose of which is to adjust the flow of coolant in each loop;
• thermal attires designed to control the temperature of each heating device;
• air drilling valves of automatic type for draining water;
• electronic valves and mixers aimed at maintaining the programmed temperature.

Depending on the connected consumers, there may be two to ten different contours.

Materials resistant to external factors are used in the production of collector block combs, regardless of the complexity and multifunctionality of the equipment involved.

In the event that the manufacturing material serves as the foundation, intermediate prefabricated collectors are as follows:

1. Brass – differ in high operational parameters at an affordable price.
2. Stainless – steel structures are extremely durable. They can easily withstand high pressure.
3. Polypropylene – models made of polymeric materials, although they differ in low price, but in all characteristics are inferior to metal "brothers".

Thermal insulation and anti-corrosion compounds are applied to metal models to increase their operational parameters and lengthen their service life.

When arranging systems heated by boilers with a capacity of 13 to 35 kW, polymer separation structures are used.

The device’s components can be cast or fitted with zange clamps, which let you connect it to plastic and metal pipes.

The one- and two-pipe heating schemes use collectors. One comb provides heated coolant and accepts a cooled coolant in single-pipe systems.

What is it needed for

There is a rule that must be followed when installing water systems: the feed pipe’s diameter cannot be greater than the combined diameter of all layers. This rule applies to heating equipment and reads as follows: two contours with ½ inch pipe diameter are permitted in the system if the boiler’s output fitting has a diameter of one inch. Such a system will function well for a small house heated solely by radiators.

Warm floors are actually one of the more prominent heating features in a private home or cottage. heating the garage, utility rooms, and multiple floors. If they are linked by a layering system, there won’t be enough pressure in each circuit to heat the radiators efficiently, which will result in an uncomfortable home temperature.

As a result, collectors operate branched heating systems; this method enables you to independently modify each circuit and establish the ideal temperature in every room. Thus, you need a temperature of about plus 23–25º for the nursery and enough plus 10-15ºΡ for the garage. Furthermore, warm floors shouldn’t get hotter than 35 to 37 degrees because that will make them uncomfortable to walk on and may cause the flooring to warp. This issue can be resolved with the aid of a collector and locking temperature.

In this video, a collector system is used to heat a home.

Heating system collector groups are offered in their completed state, albeit with varying configurations and discharge counts. Selecting the appropriate collector assembly and installing it yourself or with the help of experts is an option.

Nonetheless, the majority of industrial models are general-purpose and may not always meet the requirements of a particular home. If they are modified or refined, the expenses can go up dramatically. Therefore, considering the characteristics of a particular heating system, it is generally easier to collect it from separate blocks with your hands.

Collector group for the heating system assembly

The figure depicts the layout of the universal collector group. It is made up of two blocks with the appropriate amount of coolant installed for both direct and reverse currents. Flow meters are mounted on the supply (direct) manifold, and thermal drives are positioned on the opposite side to control the temperature of the reverse water in each circuit. They will assist you in determining the necessary coolant flow speed, which will control the heating radiators’ temperature.

Air valves, a circulation pump, and a pressure gauge are all installed on the collector distribution node. With the help of brackets, the supply and reverse collectors are integrated into a single block that is fastened to the wall or cabinet. Such a block costs between 15,000 and 20,000 rubles. Furthermore, it will be obviously inappropriate to install it if only a portion of the bounces are involved.

The video demonstrates how to install the completed block.

Grebanka – collector knot

Thermal drives and flow meters are the most costly components of the collector distribution unit. You can purchase a collector node, or "comb," and install the required control devices manually only where they are required to avoid paying too much for extra elements.

Brass tubes measuring ¾ or 1 inch in diameter are used for the rowing, and there are a specific number of sets with ½ inch heating pipe diameter. The bracket serves as another link between them. The reverse manifold layouts come with plugs that let you install thermal drives on all or just some of the contours.

Certain models have the ability to manually adjust the supply with the assistance of cranes. These combs feature a cast housing and a threaded fitting or nut on the ends, making it easy to quickly assemble a collector from the necessary number of layers.

You can make a collector entirely by hand or collect from individual elements to save a collector for heating systems.

Installation of a comb in a heating system and its calculation

Depending on its intended use, the distribution comb’s installation location within the heating system will vary. It is most frequently used to set up multi-circuit heat supplies. Nevertheless, it is also a necessary component of a warm water floor.

It is necessary to calculate the heating crest before beginning the installation. The uniform distribution of pressure on the heating contours is the primary objective of this process. It is advised to compute using specialized programs if the system consists of an intricate network of highways. The equal section principle can be used for a basic system with up to five contours.

Where N0 is the collector’s diameter and N1, N2, N3, and N4 are the diverting pipe’s sections.

When making a heating comb by hand, the same calculation scheme is employed.

It’s critical that the input and output collectors’ dimensions match. It is interesting to note that there are no shape requirements for the typical heating comb device.

T.e. It can have a square or circular section. The following are the fundamental ideas behind installing collector heating:

• To improve circulation, it is recommended to install pumps for each circuit. At the same time, the distribution comb of the heating system should not ensure the synchronization of the operation of the pumps;
• If the node is located in the boiler room, the installation of a protective box is optional. The exception is the installation of a comb for heating from polypropylene in a warm floor system;
• To adjust the volume of the coolant, it is necessary to install adjusting valves and balancing flow meters on each entrance and output pipes;
• When planning the installation of a comb -heating comb, the presence of a security group on the distribution unit should be provided.

Experts recommend accounting for the variation in contour length when determining the heating combs, in addition to these guidelines. It is advised to design a plan such that their lengths are roughly equal.

A mixing node can be installed in the heating comb device to lower the energy carrier flow rate, which will lower the heating cost.

Making a distribution manifold with your own hands

The number of heating contours in your system is taken into consideration when developing the distribution collector project. Consider the location of your heating boiler, the size of its input and output pipes, and the number of heating circuits or indirect heating contours that the heating system will use. Maybe you want to add another room to your home next year, or you want to add more contours overall. The distribution system can also be linked to other devices, such as heat pumps and solar collectors. We also take into account every distribution heat system, such as fankeels, heating radiators, warm water floors, and so forth.

Considering that every circuit has a hot water supply pipe and a return pipe, we draw a diagram of our heating system.

A group of thermostats, an extensor tank, an automatic fiber valve, a drain valve, a crane for system filling, and other pieces of equipment should all be considered when designing the system.

Determines the location of the pipes that will be connected to our distribution collector, a process known as spatial design. It is customary to place nozzles on the ends of the collector in order to connect a solid fuel boiler and provide indirect heating. It crashes from above or into the end if your system has a wall gas or electric boiler.

We sketch the future distribution collector using the information at hand. Using millimeter paper for this is convenient. The pipes should not be separated by more than 20 centimeters, but neither should they be separated by less than 10 centimeters. The distance between the return pipe and the honey pipe for a single heating circuit should be at least 10 centimeters. Groups of pipes with the same contour should stand out visually.

Collector design

The illustration below provides an example of how to design a distribution collector, into which the heating system’s six contours will be connected.

We draw two rectangles at the beginning. Both the manual and actual collectors are shown here.

A manual manifold and feed collector

We design the boiler’s connection to an indirect heating boiler on the trachitators’ trachis. Don’t forget to include the cross-sectional drawing parameters for the future pipes.

Linking an indirect heating boilerto the boiler

We create the connection between the extra heating boilers and the heating contours. We remember to include the pipe sizes and cross section as well. Each designed nozzle bears our signature.

Linking extra heating boilers and heating contours

We design the connection of additional equipment at the following step. This includes an expansion tank, a plum tap, a protective unit, and a system thermometer in our instance.

Please take note that the return’s contours are blue, and the heat carrier supply’s contours are released in red.

Connecting extra apparatus

It was an early sketch. After verifying that it is accurate, we move its clearing to a fresh piece of paper. We will independently develop a distribution collector based on their project.

4 The principle of drawing up wiring schemes

Regarding the preparation of collector heating wiring, there are no set guidelines. It can be arranged and is required based on the unique features of a given space.

Only when valves were included for connecting any heating system wiring during the apartment building’s design phase is a connection allowed.

As a result, if necessary, the collector heating scheme enables you to heat the house as effectively as possible. In other words, the installation’s rationality needs to be determined. Generally speaking, this kind of solution works well for two- or three-story homes.

Classification of distribution collectors

Distribution collectors vary from one another in terms of technical features, wiring type, and material of construction.

Electricity is conserved by solar collectors. They heat up to 80 degrees in any weather thanks to solar radiation, so the system doesn’t need electricity.

With your hands, create a solar manifold that uses antifreeze as a coolant.

In the event that the heating system has numerous heating devices, resulting in separate branches leaving the collector for each one, it is recommended to utilize a hydraulic shotgun to distribute the flows and guarantee consistent temperature and pressure levels. enables mixing of streams. If the heating system is complicated, using the hydraulic shotus makes sense.

Simple collectors have the ability to connect and disconnect multiple heating devices; however, they lack additional devices, which means that you cannot adjust the temperature, pressure, mix streams, etc.P. The name comes from their device, which is simple to install.

Modern distribution collectors use devices to control temperature and pressure. They also have automatic sensors and reinforcement.

The additional equipment includes a variety of valves, sensors, thermostats, blocks, air carriers, and mixers, all of which are required to guarantee the comfort of operation when using the camshaft.

The materials that collectors are made of are:

• Brass
• Become
• Polymeric materials

Brass collectors are reasonably priced and of good quality.

Steel stainless collectors are resistant to high pressure and have varying levels of durability. Although polypropylene is cheap, the material is of very poor quality.

Maintaining a warm and cozy home requires an understanding of your heating system’s distribution comb. This essential part controls the flow of hot water throughout your home, distributing it evenly to every area.

The distribution comb functions fundamentally on a straightforward but useful principle. The distribution comb gently regulates the flow of hot water as it travels through your heating system, focusing it where it is most needed. It ensures constant warmth throughout all rooms by dispersing heat equally, removing cold spots and optimizing comfort.

For best results, the distribution comb must be connected correctly. Carefully adhering to connection rules guarantees smooth operation and reduces the possibility of errors. Following these instructions is crucial whether you’re maintaining an old system or installing a new one.

In the end, the distribution comb is essential to your heating system’s operation. Even on the coldest days, you can keep your home warm and inviting by being aware of its function, working principle, and connection guidelines.

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