Device and principle of operation of boiler KVGM-100

Understanding the heating systems in our homes is crucial to maintaining their warmth and comfort. One such system is the KVGM-100 boiler, an essential part of many homes during the winter months to provide warmth. We’ll examine the gadget and the underlying theories of its functioning in this post, providing insight into how it functions and justifying its essential role in insulation and heating systems.

The KVGM-100 boiler runs on a very basic but very efficient principle: it burns fuel, usually oil or natural gas, to produce heat. After that, the heat is converted to steam or hot water, which is then distributed throughout the house via radiators and pipes. This procedure is essential to the boiler’s operation because it makes sure that heat is distributed throughout the house, keeping it comfortable even on the coldest days.

The combustion chamber, located at the center of the KVGM-100 boiler, is where fuel is burned to produce heat. This chamber’s thoughtful design maximizes efficiency while minimizing emissions, guaranteeing that the heating process is economical and environmentally benign. Furthermore, to further optimize their performance, modern boilers are frequently outfitted with sophisticated controls and sensors that enable precise temperature and fuel consumption regulation.

The KVGM-100 boiler’s ability to run in various modes to accommodate different heating needs is one of its important features. It is a flexible option for homeowners because, for example, it can supply hot water for domestic use as well as central heating for the entire house. The boiler is also built with safety in mind, including features like pressure relief systems and automated shut-off valves to avert mishaps and guarantee dependable operation.

Boilers such as the KVGM-100 are becoming more and more vital as we work to make our homes more ecologically friendly and energy-efficient. Through comprehension of the principles underlying the functioning of these devices, homeowners can make well-informed decisions regarding their heating systems, which can ultimately result in increased comfort, decreased energy costs, and a smaller carbon footprint.

It is imperative to comprehend the fundamental principles of the KVGM-100 boiler in order to comprehend its device and operation. In order to produce heat, this boiler burns fuel, usually gas or oil. The water in the boiler’s chamber is then warmed by the heat generated, producing hot water or steam. After that, pipes are used to circulate the heated water or steam, which keeps the building or home warm. The boiler also has safety features like pressure valves that guard against overpressure. Comprehending these fundamentals enables homeowners to recognize the significance of the KVGM-100 boiler in providing safe and effective home heating.

KVGM-100 boiler device

KVGM is produced using a U-shaped scheme and has a heat capacity of 100 Gcal/hour. It can be used in two modes: peak (100-1500C) and basic (70-1500C).

The screens (see drawing) in the combustion chamber of the KVGM fuel and convection chimney are composed of pipes with a diameter of 60 x 3 mm, spaced 64 mm apart. The boiler’s convective surface is comprised of three packages that are put together using U-shaped pieces of 28×3 mm pipe.

The side surface of the convective gas duct is closed with pipes 83×3,5 mm at a distance of 128 mm from each other. All pipes forming the screen are welded to 273×11 mm manifolds.
On the upper collectors mounted air valves to remove unnecessary air from the system when supplying water to the boiler. Explosive safety valves are installed at the top of the furnace chamber.
In order to avoid scale formation on the internal heating surfaces, the KVGM is provided with a shot cleaning unit.
The KVGM project foresees the absence of a framework. The lower screen and convective part collectors have a rigid support in the form of a portal.
Three oil-gas burners are mounted on the front wall of the boiler, each of which is equipped with automatic equipment.

These systems must be able to carry out the following tasks:

1. Control and regulation of the coolant temperature.
2. Controlling the air supply to maintain combustion.
3. Ensuring safety in case of emergency situations (flame extinguishing, pumping equipment failure, power failure, etc.).

The KVGM-100 water flow scheme is a simple one. The hot water boiler is filled with water based on the configuration of its surfaces. It goes into the front screen collector’s lower part. The heated water exits through the lower back screen collector after going through the heating circuit.

Chemical cleaning needs to be done prior to the coolant getting into the KVGM and heating system. This requirement applies to CHPP, RTS, and KTS. Apart from chemical water purification, it’s crucial to regularly flush heating systems and use boiler cleaning tools like sludge separators and mud filters. This is because corrosion products that accumulate in pipes during the off-season can potentially enter them. This has a direct impact on the KVGM boiler’s hydraulic resistance, which can quickly rise by 1-2 kgf/sq.m.

Technical characteristics of KVGM series boilers

The KVGM-100 has a 100 Gcal/hour thermal capacity, or 116 MW in terms of thermal capacity. Water pressure should be at least 1,03 MPa and no more than 2,50 MPa. Considering that this boiler has two operating modes, the coolant temperature indices are different. The water temperature in the primary mode of operation ranges from 70 oC at the inlet to 150 oC at the outlet. The water temperature fluctuates between 110 oC at the inlet and 150 oC at the outlet during peak operation mode.

• water consumption in the basic mode is 1236 tons/hour, in the peak mode – 2461 tons/hour;
• fuel consumption is as follows: gas – 12510 cubic meters.m/hour, fuel oil – 11540 kg/hour;
• temperature of outgoing gases from 138 to 180 oC (depending on fuel);
• convective heating surface is 2386 sq. m.м., radiation – 326 sq.м.;
• fuel combustion chamber volume – 388 cc.м.;
• hydraulic resistance in the main mode -2,4-2,8 kgf/sq. m.cm., in peak mode – 1.2-1.4 kgf/sq.cm.

The dimensions of KVGM are as follows: length: 18 m, width: 18 m, height: 15 m, and mass: 127 tons. The efficiency coefficient when using gas is approximately 93%, and when using oil, it is approximately 91%.

Causes of reduced efficiency

When using a boiler, the following phenomena must be avoided:

• unstable pulsating combustion in the furnace, leading to violation of the heating balance of the boiler screen system;
• absence of air pressure resonance on burners at KVGM-50 and KVGM-100;
• Low-pressure air ejection into high velocity burner streams.

The work’s previously mentioned drawbacks are made worse by the cladding and stiffeners’ integrity being compromised. Additionally, the boiler’s convective zone overheats, lowering efficiency while increasing energy use for blowing and draught on the other hand.

Boiler configuration

The KVGM-100 has three gas oil burners installed. The KVGM-100’s burners are fixed to the air box that is attached to the front screen. Fans are fitted with rotary burners. The burner structures, which are welded to the rigid boiler structures, are where the air ducts are connected.

Based on the recommended productivity Q=162500 cubic meters.м./̯, the fan is chosen with an electric motor of n = 1000 rpm for each of the three burners. The suggested smoke evacuation pump with a rpm of 750 is for the removal of flue gas. Additionally, devices for sampling the heat transfer fluid are part of the equipment.

Cladding of KVGM-100 boiler

The environment is shielded from flue gases by the cladding work. The KVGM-100 boiler’s cladding is made prior to installation. Before the air box is installed, the screens of boilers with RGMG-10,20,30 and PGMG-30, 40 are bricked up. Verify that the reinforcing mesh and reinforcement were installed reliably before adding the concrete mortar. Applying shamotte concrete looks like this:

• 20 mm for heating surfaces with pipes with a diameter of 60 mm;
• 30 mm for risers of convective gas duct with a diameter of 83 mm;

Concrete is not laid when cladding KVGM-100 at a distance of 50 mm from the block edge.

The thermal insulation is installed once the concrete has sufficiently but not entirely hardened. It is secured to the steel base by a wire with a diameter of 5 mm that is welded to it. If the drawing specifies it, collectors that are aimed toward the furnace chamber are covered in chamotte concrete over the wire bracket reinforcement.

Disadvantages

Given that steel makes up the majority of KVGM, their vulnerability to corrosion is their primary drawback. As a result, routine boiler inspections and hydraulic testing should be performed.

Advantages

The KVGM-100 boiler’s high heat production capacity is its primary benefit. It is noteworthy to mention that it operates safely and with minimal noise. The boiler does not heat up above 50–60C because of the thermal insulation outside, protecting the heating plant workers from burns. These boilers use very little fuel and emit almost no pollutants into the atmosphere, making them extremely energy-efficient.

The KVGM-100 boiler is a model of dependability and efficiency in the field of heating systems. It is a cornerstone for insulation and heating solutions because of the way it is designed and functions—a blend of cutting-edge technology and useful functionality.

The KVGM-100 is primarily powered by combustion and can run on a variety of fuels, including diesel, natural gas, and even biofuels. Heat is produced during this combustion process and is subsequently sent to a heat exchanger inside the boiler. This is where water is heated to the proper temperature so that it can be piped throughout the house.

The KVGM-100 stands out due to its exceptional efficiency. This boiler minimizes waste and operating expenses by optimizing fuel utilization through precise control mechanisms and intelligent design. This efficiency helps the homeowner financially and also advances a more environmentally friendly method of heating.

In addition, the KVGM-100 has a sturdy design that makes it resistant to the demands of continuous use. Its dependability gives homeowners year-round peace of mind by ensuring steady heating even in the worst weather.

Furthermore, the KVGM-100’s adaptability allows it to accommodate a range of heating needs and preferences. This boiler can be used for radiant floor heating, radiator systems, or even hot water production. It can be easily integrated into a variety of setups to meet the specific requirements of each household.

In summary, the boiler KVGM-100 proves to be a shining example of efficiency and innovation in the field of heating systems. For homeowners looking to combine the best comfort and sustainability possible with their living spaces, its dependable operation, combined with outstanding efficiency and versatility, makes it an appealing option.

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