Determining the efficiency of different heaters

The comfort and energy costs of your home can be greatly impacted by the heater you select. Finding the most efficient option among the many on the market, from contemporary heat pumps to conventional furnaces, can be difficult. You can, however, make an informed choice if you are aware of the elements that affect how efficient various heaters are.

The effectiveness with which heating systems transform energy into heat is referred to as their efficiency. A heater will use less energy to keep a room at a comfortable temperature if it is more efficient. The size of your home, the type of fuel used, and insulation all have a significant impact on how efficient your heating system is.

The energy source of heaters is an important factor to take into account when assessing their efficiency. Different fuels, such as electricity, natural gas, propane, and oil, are used by different heaters. Every fuel type has unique qualities related to cost and efficiency. For instance, electric heaters frequently convert electricity into heat with 100% efficiency, but in some areas, the cost of electricity can be higher than that of other fuels. However, in places where natural gas is easily accessible, natural gas heaters may be more affordable despite having somewhat lower efficiency ratings.

The design and technology of the heating system is a significant determinant of efficiency. Contemporary heaters frequently come equipped with cutting-edge features that can greatly increase efficiency, like condensing technology, variable-speed blowers, and programmable thermostats. The layout and size of your house, along with the quality of the insulation, can also affect how well a heater works. An appropriately sized heater for the square footage of your house guarantees maximum performance with no energy waste.

Heater Type	Efficiency Rating
Electric	Measured in percentage, typically around 100% as all electricity converts to heat
Gas	Varies depending on the model and maintenance, usually between 80-98%

Choosing a heater

The answer to this question shouldn’t be based solely on positive or negative reviews because, for example, a particular heater might work well in a small space but not in a larger one. In addition to the room’s dimensions, the material of the room’s walls and floors must be considered when making a decision.

In order to stop heat loss, you also need to be aware of the windows’ quality. Most importantly, how frequently and for how long will the heater be left unattended

When selecting a heating device, the following formula will be helpful: for every 10 m^2, 1 kW of energy is needed to approximate the amount of power needed for a suitable level of heating.

It is advised to install electric convectors or infrared heaters in homes with children and animals so that their bodies won’t get overheated. An infrared heater or fan heater is appropriate for the street. Finally, it is important to remember that selecting a heater with the assistance of a professional is advised.

Which is more economical, convector or oil heater

Which is more energy-efficient: oil heaters or convectors? The efficiency of other direct-heating electric heaters and both of these devices is nearly identical, close to 100%. The majority of the electrical energy used in a room is transformed into heat. However, the oil heater requires slightly more energy to maintain the same temperature due to the difference in operation.

The convector reaches the required value more quickly and turns off when it is turned on to maintain a specific temperature. For instance, you must guarantee that the temperature in the room is always 20 degrees Celsius. Almost instantly upon turning on, the convector enters the operating mode and begins to heat up.

Once it reaches the desired temperature, it turns off and begins to cool. The thermostat turns the device back on by cooling the air and activating it. The thermostat’s accuracy—an electronic thermostat is more accurate—whistles the difference in temperature between turning on and off the appliance. There is a lot of inertness when using an oil radiator. Heating takes a long time to start when turned on and set to the same temperature. In certain models, the set mode exits after 20 minutes. The oil is heated right now.

The radiator fully distributes heat throughout the space once it reaches operating temperature. Similar to a convector, the thermostat cuts off power to the heating element when it reaches, say, 20 degrees Celsius. However, the heater continues to radiate heat into the space. It heats up and cools down equally slowly. Heat losses through the enclosing structures increase as the room temperature rises above the predetermined level. The amount of energy used rises as a result.

Vector with legs.

The power is turned on when the room temperature reaches the thermostat’s set point after a predetermined amount of time; however, since the oil is also gradually heating up, the room temperature does not rise or fall during the warm-up phase. The radiator goes into operating mode as the cycle is repeated.

Convector heaters

Even from the outside, a convector is different from an oil radiator because it has guides at the top of the housing that allow heated air to escape. The version comes with a thermostat that can be installed either on the wall or the floor. The convector in the latter version can be mobile and able to be moved around the rooms thanks to its wheels. Instead of giving off heat in the same way as an oil radiator, the convector releases heat through the ribbed guide grille, which allows the warm air to rise to the top and disperse throughout the space. Heat is also radiated by the convector’s front panel.

The attractive appearance of convector heaters is not their only benefit.

One other benefit of the convector is its quietness. Heat is quickly and evenly dispersed throughout the heated room by lattice ribs. The room’s usable space is increased by the option to mount on the wall. Convectors can be used for industrial heating applications in addition to residential ones. Warm air rises upward from a heating element installed in the convector body, also known as the convection chamber, and enters the space through the louvers-lattice.

Electric convector

An electric convector schematic diagram.

It is currently the safest, most affordable, and most dependable heater. The heating element is integrated into the lower portion of the metal case that forms its construction. The case has openings for warm air to exit at the top and cold air to enter at the bottom. When the convector’s metal body gets hot, more heat is released into the space.

The electric convector’s compact size and light weight are among its benefits. It doesn’t take up much room because of its small frame. There are wall-mounted and floor models.

The last scenario is particularly crucial for households with young children. However, since the device’s efficiency will decrease with increasing convector height, it is not necessary to hang it too high on the wall.

The best course of action is to install it at the same level as a regular battery.

Because it is silent and safe, the electric convector is perfect for keeping the room’s temperature constant.

Contemporary convectors come with features that guard against overheating, such as temperature control timers that let you program the temperature at which you want the convector to shut off automatically when it reaches that point and to turn on again when it drops below that point. This enables you to use them with a substantially lower electricity consumption. It is preferable to purchase convector heaters with ceramic heating elements since they do not burn through oxygen in the space while in use.

This type of heaters’ primary drawback is that they are stationary, so heaters for dachas are only appropriate if the village has dependable security or if the house can be continuously observed by surrounding neighbors. They are not made for quickly heating up cold rooms, so bringing them with you to the dacha for the weekend won’t work either. However, electric convectors are among the best for preserving a constant room temperature.

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100 efficiency fan heaters

The basic idea behind how such a device works is easy for most people to understand: all you need to do is hold a basic hair dryer, which is really a tiny fan heater. A fan distributes the heat produced by the heating element (spiral) inside such a device. The least expensive heaters are heat fans; even the most basic models cost roughly 250 rubles. Heat fans have the advantages of being portable and able to heat a space uniformly. However, it’s also important to consider this device’s significant drawbacks:

– a high chance of fire

A significant amount of oxygen burned;

– The smells that arise when different insects enter the heating element;

– Loud noises made while operating.

If one can purchase a device that solves the first disadvantage with a ceramic spiral, it will be nearly impossible to eliminate the remaining three.

With an understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of each of the heater types on offer, as well as the types and principles of operation of these devices, you can make an informed decision about which to buy.

Let"s make a comparison

Let’s now address the issue of what makes one heating device different from another, like an oil heater. Naturally, there is a difference:

• Economy indicator. Unfortunately, the oil heater loses here. Practice shows that it consumes 25-30% more electricity than a convector.
• Time to warm up. And here the radiator clearly loses out, because the heating element first heats the oil and then heats the body through it. Convector works directly. That is, the radiator is already on, and the room is still cold, which is very inconvenient.
• Weight of the product. Radiator or convector? The first is a range of 18-25 kg, the second – no more than 10 kg.
• Safety. Here it is necessary to consider emergency situations. Hot oil is not an unpleasant phenomenon. In addition, heated to maximum temperatures oil heater (up to +95C) is a source of burns. The convector heats only up to +60C.
• Service life. Time comes, and the radiator starts to leak. This leads to the fact that the device has to be repaired or scrapped. Convectors work without problems. And although the manufacturer gives a guarantee of 5 years, they function for 20-25 years.
• Environmental friendliness. In this respect, both devices are the same, so do not listen to those who advocate for one or the other.
• Product price. Oil-type heaters are cheaper in cost. Although it is necessary to consider only the price-quality ratio.

Non-electric heaters

To operate, each of the heaters mentioned above needs electricity. However, the need for heating does not go away in the event of a power outage, and in these circumstances, a gas convector is essential. These gadgets are distinguished by their dependability, longevity, and heating efficiency. There is no need for a hood in the space because burning domestic gas almost never produces hazardous emissions. However, oxygen from the air is consumed during gas combustion, necessitating periodic ventilation of the heated room.

Devices for automatically cutting off the gas supply in the event of a burner extinction (flame sensor), gas pressure spikes at the gas supply, or device overturning are installed in the gas convector.

Floor-mounted, household portable gas convector featuring a protective grid

Outstanding results were also demonstrated when operating on reduced gases (propane, butane) or with models that have a drain outside the combustion products.

Although gas guns, which are more potent equipment, can also be used to heat rooms, they are more frequently employed in industrial buildings with sporadic human occupants. Even in this case, though, fire safety remains the most important factor when it comes to the specifications for using such equipment.

Technical parameters of oil radiators

An oil radiator is a sealed mineral oil-filled tank with a heating element installed inside. The metal body’s ribbed structure increases the surface area that radiates heat and encourages the development of air flows, which release some of the heat energy that the radiator convectively releases. The two forms of heat transfer have a nearly equal ratio.

An electric tube heater’s thermoregulator lets you adjust the heater’s operating mode based on temperature. The device is wired at a voltage of 220 V to the home electrical network socket.

Depending on the model, the unit’s power can vary from 1 kW to 2.5 kW. An oil radiator can provide sufficient warmth for a space up to 25 m^2. Larger rooms will require the installation of two or more units with an appropriate total capacity in order to raise the air temperature. Heat losses occur during the heating of the oil, preventing the radiator from operating at 100% efficiency.

Contemporary oil heater

When deciding which heater is best, you should consider how well-functioning each model is. It is worthwhile to compare models of devices with specific functions rather than abstract radiators or convectors.

The oil warmer may possess a

• A protective casing on the body, which prevents accidental burns on the heated metal;
• Built-in fan, accelerating the heating of the air in the room;
• Tilt sensor – the device disconnects the power supply of the device in case of tipping or falling;
• a timer that allows you to set the time of switching the heater on and off.

There are wall-mounted, floor, and tabletop versions of oil-filled radiators. Floor models have wheels in addition to a carrying handle, which facilitates easier movement of the unit throughout the house.

What is better

To make a final decision regarding which heater to choose, let’s evaluate their qualities using a few fundamental standards:

1. Economy – Electricity consumption when heating with both oil radiator and electric convector is quite high, but it is somewhat lower with convector;
2. Speed of heating the room – Both require a certain amount of time to heat the air in the room. If it concerns all the air in the room, then the convector will have the advantage. However, there are designs of oil radiators with a built-in fan, which can do this also quite quickly. If it is necessary to heat only a certain area or a certain place, an oil-filled radiator will do it faster due to its greater surface radiation;
3. Temperature distribution in the room – In both cases, the higher temperature will be in the air above – near the ceiling and lower – near the floor. Although due to the intensive circulation when heating with a convector, the temperature in the room will be more uniform than when heating with a conventional oil radiator (without a fan);
4. Convenience of operation – oil radiator of the same power has more weight and thickness, so it is heavier to carry and takes more space. In addition, the convector can be mounted on the wall. In this case, it will take up even less space;
5. Safety – A convector is safer because it does not contain mineral oil, unlike an oil radiator, and also because its outer casing heats up only slightly and there is no danger of getting burned by touching it;
6. Service life convectors more, as the cause of their failure can only be a faulty heating element, and in oil radiators, in addition to this may be a small crack in the case;
7. Cost Oil radiators are somewhat lower than convectors (although here much depends on the manufacturer and quality) and therefore if this factor is decisive for you, then perhaps the best option will be this option.

Oil radiators

Note: Oil heaters are thought to be the safest and most dependable type of heaters out there. They are made up of an electric heating element and an oil-filled sealed casing.

A thermostat for manual temperature control is present in every model of these devices that is manufactured today. Top-tier heaters come with LCD screens that show the device’s operating parameters and timers for heating programming. Models with an integrated fan heat the space more quickly and evenly by speeding up convective flows and thoroughly combining layers of air with varying temperatures inside the space.

This oil cooler has an LCD display and a detachable device for drying laundry safely.

Depending on the model, the oil heater’s body takes the shape of a cast-iron central heating radiator or a flat panel. It is made up of separate parts that are put together to form a battery. The intensity of the room’s heating will increase with the number of sections in the device. Different oil heater models have varying capacities for their radiators. The heat output area of the battery can be increased by altering the section profiles while keeping the unit’s basic dimensions the same.

The following are some benefits of this heating apparatus:

• simplicity of design;
• silent (fanless models);
• affordable price;
• availability of automatic control;
• safety.

Among the drawbacks are the heater’s low speed of operation and higher power consumption, which should be noted as the effect won’t be felt for at least half an hour after turning it on. Furthermore, it is important to note that oil radiators weigh anywhere from 18 to 25 kg.

Choosing the correct heater is essential if you want a comfortable house and to save electricity. Different heaters have varying degrees of efficiency, which affects comfort and utility costs. Every type of heating system, from the traditional electric heaters to the cutting-edge radiant floor heating systems, has advantages and disadvantages. When evaluating efficiency, variables including heat distribution, energy consumption, and environmental effect are taken into account. Knowing these factors and weighing them against your unique requirements and financial constraints will help you make an informed choice that will keep you toasty and economical all year long.

The heater is the best solution

Heaters are dangerous for fires, use a lot of energy, and dry out the air.

Until recently, there wasn’t much of a selection when it came to heaters. The only items the store could sell were various power calorifiers, which used a lot of electricity, dried out the air, and were extremely flammable.

Today, there are a lot more options. There are convectors, heat fans, infrared heaters, gas heaters, and oil heaters. While floor heating systems and baseboard heaters are also available, their installation is not economically viable for a dacha that is occasionally visited.

Heaters come in two varieties: compact and portable.

This is very important in the case of a dacha house, since expensive stationary heaters can only be installed in the event that someone is available to take care of the residence.

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Gas convector

Gas convector scheme.

Its heating mechanism is the primary distinction from an electric convector. The gas enters the combustion chamber from the gas source that the heater is connected to. The room is heated by the combustion chamber, which heats cold air that passes through the metal casing and emerges into the room already heated. Combustion byproducts are released outside the room via a special pipe.

Gas heaters that operate on the convector principle can be used with cylinder gas or mains gas. On the other hand, the cost of heating on the cylinder will be orders of magnitude higher, roughly equivalent to that of heating with electricity. Consequently, if your dacha has gas service, it is preferable to connect gas heaters to the main gas line as this will result in significantly lower heating costs.

Gas heaters for dachas are not the best choice if the gas is not connected. First of all, during deep freezes, it is difficult to ignite gas from a cold cylinder. Second, and perhaps most dangerously, you will have to keep a minimum of one spare gas cylinder at your dacha at all times.

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How to prevent an explosion

Strict observance of the heater’s fundamental operating guidelines is required to prevent an explosion. It’s essential for both the security of your belongings and yourself. There is no special effort required on your part to adhere to these rules because they are fairly straightforward. Thus, the following guidelines apply to the safe use of such equipment:

An explosion could result from the oil heater overheating if it is used in a horizontal position.

1. Do not use the appliance in a horizontal position. In such a position, the equipment will overheat instantly. For such cases, the appliances have a special thermostat that ensures their shutdown in case of overheating, but you should not try your luck if there is an opportunity to avoid dangerous situations.
2. Do not leave the appliance unattended. This is especially true if you have small children or pets living with you. They may inadvertently change the settings of the appliance or turn it upside down. In addition, there is a high probability that children can burn themselves. The oil heater should be operated only under your supervision.
3. After the summer season, when the appliance has not been in operation for a long time, it is essential to check that its thermostat is in good working order before using it again. During such a test, the appliance should switch off when the operating temperature is reached. If this does not happen, then you can not use the heater. It should be repaired or discarded and a new one purchased. The serviceability of the thermostat relay is very important for the safe use of an oil heater, as most of the unpleasant consequences from their improper operation are due to overheating of the appliance.
4. An appliance that has developed a leak cannot be repaired. Theoretically, it is somehow possible to seal it, but in this case there will be less liquid inside the container with oil, since a significant part of the oil can leak out even through a small damage to the housing. How the equipment with missing mineral oil will work, it is unknown. The heater can behave unpredictably during operation.

It’s important to keep in mind that no electrical gadget can be completely safe. But alternatives to oil heaters are safer. There are plenty of options available on the current market for this kind of equipment, so if you are worried about your safety, it is best to go with a more contemporary and understated model.

In any case, by adhering to a few basic guidelines, you can prevent the explosion of an oil heater if you use one precisely. Take extra precautions and pay close attention to ensure that your home’s heater doesn’t blow up and destroy anything, including your life or property.

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What to choose oil heater or convector

So which is preferable, a convector or an oil heater? Convectors are a better option if you’re choosing a device for the room’s primary heating system. They enable more accurate temperature control and heat rooms more quickly. Tenths of a degree can be adjusted accurately when using electronic thermostats. The oil heater is less energy-efficient than the convector, despite having roughly equal electricity consumption. This is because the device is inert, which makes it impossible to maintain the temperature with great accuracy. Variations in temperature lead to an increase in heat loss through the building envelope. Still, this is a negligible difference.

Under what circumstances is using an oil heater more convenient? Using them to provide extra heating to a room or a section of it is advised. A person feels the heat from such a heater because radiation transfers the majority of the heat. Owing to these characteristics, oil heaters are positioned in close proximity to areas where individuals spend extended periods of time, even in buildings where there is another heating system.

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Convector type heaters

Convectors come in two varieties: electric and water convectors. The first functions as a traditional radiator and is connected to the home’s water heating system. The electric system is the second. Similar to an oil heater, this kind of equipment is plugged into a socket. Our goal is to identify the differences, so we are drawn to the second option. Additionally, since the second device is electric, a comparison with the same product is required.

There are two varieties of electric convectors: wall-mounted and floor-mounted. Despite being composed of metal sheets, convection is their primary energy source. Additionally, the metal casing’s small area contributes to the low radiation. It is easier to design a convector.

A convector within the loft

It consists of:

• Metal housing.
• Built-in heating element in the housing.

In other words, since there are no intermediate materials, the device’s efficiency is 100%. How warm is the space? The convector body has two rows of gaps: lower and upper. Through the lower slots, cold air enters the room, warms up inside, and then exits directly into the upper gaps. Physical laws are the only ones that apply. Here, the device has no blower components, so everything proceeds organically.

Similar to the oil heater, the electric convector has a thermostat that keeps track of both the air temperature outside and the unit’s performance. Many manufacturers create the upper slots with a small downward slope rather than horizontally. It turns out that the hot air does not extinguish instantly; instead, it builds up in the upper section of the casing before leaving it toward the floor under light pressure. This guarantees that hot air masses are distributed uniformly throughout the heated space’s volume.

The advantages of the first must be taken into account in order to decide which is superior:

• These devices fully meet the requirements of fire safety.
• Several convectors installed in different rooms can be combined into one heating network.
• The installed rheostat will help to save electric current.

The best models

We’ll examine the top energy-efficient heaters below:

1. Polaris PMH 2095 – infrared model. The central part is a heating component of micathermic type with a capacity of 2 kW. The device will fit well into a living room. Good heating with minimal resource consumption is ensured by combined type heating. Methods of heat supply in the device – microwave and convectional.
2. Royal Clima ROR-C7-1500M – oil heater with excellent technical parameters. Covers an area of up to 20 square meters. м. Energy consumption – up to 1.5 kW. There are three stages of heating regulation, which allows you to choose the optimal operating mode. The tank contains clean oil. There is a thermostat, protection against overheating.
3. Noirot Spot E-5 1500 – convector with excellent technical indicators. The device is from a French manufacturer. The device is equipped with an electronic control unit and a digital thermostat. The equipment covers an area of up to 15 sq. m. м. Durable heater with a reliable monolithic heating component.
4. Timberk THC WS8 3M – multifunctional heat curtain. Prevents cold air from entering the house. Installed at a height of about 2 meters, adjustable by remote control. Power of the device – 3 kW, coverage – up to 30 sq. m. м. The model is characterized by stylish design, made of quality materials.
5. Sinbo SFH-3393 – a great budget option. In summer the device is used as a fan. The unit is mechanically adjustable. The device is quite well equipped: there is a thermostat, protection against falling and overheating. When the heater is operating, no harmful components are released. Durability of the model is guaranteed by a durable body made of heat-resistant plastic.

The aforementioned models are found in workplaces, retail establishments, and apartments as well.

The user’s job is to select an energy-efficient device that uses the least amount of energy. Infrared devices are the most cost-effective option; convectors are the power benchmark; and ceramic heaters and thermal canopies are striking examples of contemporary equipment.

By using these devices, you can create the ideal microclimate in the space while using less electricity.

Infrared heaters

When it comes to energy efficiency, this kind of heating device is the best; it can save up to 40% of energy when using infrared emitters. These heaters are also thought to be the priciest of all the gadget kinds.

The device operates on the basis of solar energy; objects and people in the room are heated by the heater using the infrared waves it emits, which also warms the surrounding air.

All of the items and surfaces in your house can be readily heated by an infrared wave emitter, saving you energy on pointless space heating.

– an automated control mechanism;

– Usability in public spaces;

– removes the appearance of moisture.

Large rooms are the perfect fit for this kind of heater, and if the ceiling is high, you can heat even storage spaces with just one unit—just make sure it’s positioned as high up as possible. Up to 90% efficiency is possible.

Simpler copies start at 700 rubles, while more complicated devices designed for heating specific areas can cost several tens of thousands of rubles.

Design and features of the oil heater"s operation

Both convection and radiation are used to provide heat to the room when the oil heater is running. Radiation is a technique for transferring heat in which a hot body releases infrared waves that warm objects in close proximity. Radiation can account for up to 30% of this heater’s remaining heat transfer, depending on the model. Certain devices have an increased convection heat transfer component. They use a protective casing with openings to boost the rising air flow for this purpose.

In a device like this, the heating element is not in direct contact with the air. It’s inside a mineral oil-filled sealed casing. Oil’s high heat capacity enables the device it uses to become inert; even after it has been disconnected from the network, the heated liquid cools down and releases heat into the surrounding area for an extended period of time. An oil heater’s structural components include a heating element, enclosure, safety features, and control automatics. Since heated oil poses a fire risk, the housing integrity of every device should be inspected. A sensor designed to prevent tipping is present in certain models.

Fan heater

Although the fan heater produces a lot of noise, it works well for quickly heating a space.

The principle of operation for this kind of heater is straightforward but efficient. The gadget has a strong heating element built right in. This element receives a jet of cold air from the fan, which warms up fast and leaves the device warm.

The primary requirement for a cold-stricken dacha is that the space be quickly heated, which is achieved by the continuous air circulation. Also to its advantages can be attributed compactness, light weight and mobility in use – it is easy to move, and if there is a special bracket and hang from place to place.

It is, nevertheless, a continual source of noise, just like any fan. It is also among the top heaters in terms of electricity consumption. Furthermore, the heating element may degrade if there is even a tiny bit of moisture on it. Because of this, heaters for dachas are best used as an extra mobile device to help bring the temperature up to a comfortable level; they are not appropriate for maintaining the temperature at this level.

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Gas and electric convectors

If the country home is not connected to the gas pipeline, you will need to bring your own cylinders of propane-butane, which is what gas convectors run on. The convector works on the basis of absorbing cold air and releasing it heated. The primary benefit of the gas convector is its ability to function even in the absence of electricity. The drawbacks of this heater include the requirement for an extra outdoor outlet for combustion products and the inability to be left unattended for extended periods of time because of the fire risk.

Similar principles govern how the electric convector operates, but electricity rather than gas is used as the energy source. Because it is affordable, small, and provides adequate room heating, it is the most preferred option among consumers. As long as the home is properly wired, an electric convector is safer than a gas convector.

Comparative characteristics of oil radiators and convectors

It’s important to read the professional responses to the most pertinent queries from consumers before making a purchase, whether it be an oil radiator or a convector.

1. Which kind has superior fire protection? There is a chance that the radiator’s casing will depressurize, allowing hot oil to leak out. This occasionally occurs with low-quality models. Furthermore, because the appliance heats up to more than 100 °C, place it away from furniture and other fusible objects to prevent burns. If the cover isn’t there, be careful. To maintain an equilibrium of pressure on the heating element, the radiator must be positioned in a strictly vertical orientation.

The maximum temperature that the convector can reach is 60°. Other than that, the two types of heaters are roughly equally safe because they both use fuses and thermostats to lower the possibility of overheating.

2. Is an oil radiator or a convector radiator better at warming up? Even without a fan, a suitable power convector warms the space in five to ten minutes. It is possible to temporarily relocate the floor-mounted device onto a veranda or into a bathtub. The oil radiator heats up on its own first, and then it switches on. Nearly all of the electricity is transformed into heat energy at the same time that the heat is retained for a longer period of time and both systems have efficiency levels above 90%.

3. Which choice is more cost-effective? The extended "idle" heating time of a radiator results in an average 25% higher energy consumption than a convector.

4. A radiator or a convector is safer for your health? The heating element is not dried out because the oil radiator heats the space without contacting the air. Humidity is greatly reduced by a convector. Convection also lifts dust from the floor, bringing dangerous microorganisms with it that can aggravate allergies. Conversely, ionization-functioning convectors can remove impurities from the air.

5. Radiator or convector for longer life? Ten years is the convector’s service life. TENS and control elements are easily replaceable, but they are prone to failure. The radiator is less dependable and cannot be fixed if it leaks.

6. Which is less expensive? Convectors are generally a little more expensive than oil radiators. The cost of an oil radiator with an Electrolux simple design costs 2,300 rubles, while convectors with an aluminum heater from the same brand cost 3,574. Both products are intended for small spaces. Optimized radiator heaters with practical features are also not inexpensive.

An overview of the features and costs

Every gadget has benefits of its own that ought to be related to particular circumstances. A radiator is better for a small space because it can heat it up sufficiently fast without making noise or stirring up dust. Additionally, local heating uses it. Purchasing a convector is preferable if you want to heat a large space more quickly and effectively. If you require constant operation, it is safer and more dependable.

Which is more effective at heating, a radiator or a convector?

Heating a room is the main reason for installing radiators. Shops provide.

How should I pick my heating radiators?

An essential component of both decentralized and centralized networks are radiators.

The proper and maintenance of living spaces plays a major role in determining their microclimate.

Principle of operation and functionality

Ribbed reservoirs with hermetically sealed lids hold the oil. The heating element located at the bottom of the casing heats the oil when it is plugged in. It transfers heat to the walls of the radiator, which cools the air. The room is heated by the masses’ natural rise. The primary distinction between a radiator and a convector is that the latter does not have an intermediary heat carrier.

Energy is uniformly radiated in all directions by oil radiators. Because the heating process is done gradually, the heat from the device shouldn’t be felt before 15 minutes have passed. Several factors influence the rate and consistency of the room’s heating:

1. maximum amount possible. One kW per square meter is chosen based on the area (if the ceilings are lower than three meters). It is preferable to purchase a model with a thermostat because it enables you to change the temperature mode, especially since the radiator is used in multiple rooms. Certain variations come equipped with a timer that allows you to program when the device turns on—for instance, 30 minutes before you get home from work.

2. The tanks’ ribs have thermal slits in them. These design components help to activate the circulation of warm masses. The section walls’ temperature decreases from 150° to 110°. They are present in the majority of contemporary models, such as the Timberc TOR 51.2811 EZ I and Delongi TRD 1025.

3. Form. The heat output is increased if the radiator is shaped like a pyramid rather than the typical parallelepiped design found in Delongi’s Rapido heater.

The effect of a fireplace. Convection channels are what give it its creation because they cause the air to rush upward more forcefully.

5. The kind of heater. Compared to spirals, the heating elements heat the thermal medium more quickly.

It’s important to become familiar with the benefits of radiators before deciding whether to choose an oil or convector radiator.

• the heat in the room is retained longer after the appliance is switched off (high thermal capacity of the oil);
• less drying of the air due to the lack of contact with the heating element;
• Thanks to protective devices, the radiator does not break down due to overheating or power surges.

According to reviews, oil radiators are effective at heating small spaces, but the air is heated for an excessive amount of time. Better models are the ones with the built-in fan and fireplace effect (Hundai H-HO2-14-UI559). On wheels, units are simple to roll over.

Heaters of the convector type

A heating element (TEN, ceramic, ceramic-metal, spiral) is present in the convector body. The convection draft helps to heat the air, which causes it to move upward while the cold air tends to move downward. Height has an impact on power; the range is 25–40 cm.

Older technology is continuously updated to speed up circulation and use less electricity. This is made possible by:

• fan – it increases the heat output by 4-5 times; with its use the height loses its value, as the air is moved forcibly;
• Thermostat protects the convector from overheating, sets the temperature range of its operation; it is available with mechanical and automatic control;
• sensor serves for automatic regulation of temperature in the room.

Convectors by execution are:

• Floor standing – equipped with wheels for moving;
• wall-mounted;
• universal – they are installed on the floor or walls;
• in-floor – make a niche for mounting the heater, with its upper edge is at the same level with the floor; such models are acceptable for cottages.

Convectors, according to reviews, raise the room’s temperature to comfortable levels very rapidly. These positive attributes of devices don’t stop there:

• Ease of installation. Installation is carried out by one"s own forces within a short time. Grounding is not necessary – the heating element is not in contact with the metal casing (between them there are stops made of heat-resistant plastic).
• Noiseless operation (if there is no fan).
• Fire safety. Models of leading manufacturers have international certificates.
• Possibility to create a unified heating network. Modular system of convector type requires less capital investment and is easier to maintain than water heating with a boiler.

ANNEX How to determine the required power of an electric heater

As we’ve already established, an electric heater’s power requirements are independent of its kind.

The widely accepted "formula," according to which one kW of thermal energy is needed to heat ten square meters, is not entirely accurate. With many caveats, this is a very average value that can be used, such as in Russia’s middle zone, at ceiling heights no higher than 2. 7 m, yes, with high-quality windows and thermal insulation, and many other "yes."

It is preferable to use a different algorithm. The assessment of the room’s heat losses, which the heater should offset, is at the center of this debate. We won’t provide you with every calculation formula. Let’s just state that readers are made aware of them all by including them in the online calculator.

Some people might think there are too many evaluation criteria. Although some of them can be disregarded, computation accuracy will suffer. Furthermore, the majority of the data entry fields in the calculator are set up so that, in the event that you leave them as "default," the calculation will be performed under the least favorable circumstances. It follows that the power values might be exaggerated. Additionally, the purchased device’s capabilities—which will naturally cost more—will go entirely unutilized.

Some guidance is provided in the notes below in case you have any questions while calculating.

Calculator for calculating the required heat output of an electric heater

Explanation of calculations

The justifications follow the sequence in which the data are entered:

• The area of the room and the height of the ceilings make it possible to estimate the volume of air to be heated.
• Heat losses go through external walls, and the more walls there are, the higher the losses are.
• Walls facing the sunny side, receive an additional "charge" of thermal energy, unlike those on which the sun"s rays never hit.
• If the area where the house is located is characterized by constant winter winds from the prevailing direction, this can also be taken into account .
• Climatic features of the region will be taken into account when specifying the minimum winter temperatures. It is important that the minimum temperatures, although minimal, should be normal temperatures that are typical for the area, not extreme temperatures that were once recorded in meteorological observations.
• The average degree of insulation can be understood as log or beam walls with a thickness of about 200 mm or brickwork with two bricks. Full insulation is when thermal insulation is made according to all rules and in full, based on thermal calculations . In a room with generally uninsulated walls to use electric heating – just madness, because the cost of electricity will be enormous, and even without much result in the end.
• The following two items will give a rough estimate of the heat loss through the floor and slab.
• The "classic" ways of heat loss are windows. And the quantity depends on the quality of windows and the total area of glazing. All this will be taken into account after filling in the next four fields .
• Finally, if there is a door in the room that opens to the street, to a cold balcony or to another unheated room, every opening of the door is accompanied by an inflow of cold air. This, too, requires appropriate compensation.
• The final result will be shown in watts and kilowatts. It will serve as a reference point for purchasing a heater of the required capacity.

Important: Under the worst circumstances—that is, during the height of winter colds—the power displayed will ensure optimal room heating. However, in reality, these conditions are only seen for a few weeks or, at most, a month during the winter.

Thus, a large portion of the heater’s capabilities are wasted during the remaining time. Therefore, it makes no sense to overestimate the result that was obtained, as the result already provided quite sufficient operating reserve.

Calculation of the consumption of individual fuels

Let’s figure out how much fuel is needed for a 250 m2 building with a 3 m ceiling, or V = 750 m3.

In reality, Russia’s heating season lasts for at least 250 days. Gas and liquid fuel boilers operate for roughly six hours every day during this period, for a total of 250 x 6 = 1500 hours. We will apply formula (1) to these boilers, taking into account that γ=0,02 kWh/m3.

The working principle of a pyrolysis boiler.

• gas boiler is ordinary;

The flow rate per hour is equivalent to:

S^=(750-0,02/(9,45×0,9)=1,764 m3, or 2645 m3 for 1500 work hours.

The amount of gas used in a gas condensing boiler is 2480 m3.

• diesel fuel boiler;

The consumption per hour is equivalent to:

Sdt kg=(750-0,02/(11,7×0,85)=1,51 kg, which translates to 2262 kg after 1500 hours of labor.

The following will be the diesel fuel consumption in liters:

Sdt l=(750-0,02/(9,33×0,85)=1,89 liters, or 2837 liters for 1500 hours of labor.

This mode of operation is inappropriate for solid fuel boilers. With the exception of pyrolysis boilers, which require breaks to replenish firewood, these boilers operate continuously.

• conventional wood-fired boiler;

Operating continuously for the entire heating season—that is, 6000 hours of operation (250 x 24)—will be required. Using formula (1), we obtain:

Sdr = (750-0,02/(2,78×0,7)=7,7 kg, which equals 46.2 т for 6000 hours of labor.

The combustion process in a condensing and conventional boiler is shown in Figure 1.

• wood-fired pyrolysis boiler.

The combustion chamber of a typical pyrolysis boiler has a volume of 0.1 m3. The amount of firewood that must be used each hour will be:

The boiler operation time on a single firewood load must be calculated in order to get the consumption for the heating season. About 20 kg of firewood can be stored in a chamber with a volume of 0.1 m3. In other words, one load is sufficient for five hours of use. It is necessary to perform four loads of 20 kg each during the day, for a total of 80 kg per day, if the loading time is 30 minutes. This comes to a total of twenty tons during the heating season. In other words, a pyrolysis boiler has an efficiency that is more than twice that of a traditional boiler.

Knowing the price of each fuel type now makes it simple to determine which fuel is most advantageous to use in one’s neighborhood.

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The device of an oil heater

In order to operate the heater properly and cautiously, you must comprehend the fundamental workings of its apparatus. Built-in electric heating elements heat mineral oil inside a sealed case that houses oil heaters.

Built-in electric heating elements heat mineral oil inside a sealed case that houses oil heaters.

The oil heater apparatus.

Everyone has known about oil heaters since they were young. It was the most widely used method of adding more heat to the space at one point. But things have changed in the last few decades, and there are now a variety of models of this equipment available on the market that have more intricate designs and higher operational safety indicators. The modern market is filled with a lot of low-quality or fake devices due to the design’s simplicity. Compared to other kinds of heaters, this one is considerably simpler to make.

Even a schoolboy with physics knowledge can make an oil heater if they so choose. Consequently, it is preferable to purchase such a device from a reputable retailer as opposed to purchasing questionable imported gear secondhand. Observe two more guidelines in addition to this fundamental one when selecting equipment.

First, read the device’s label carefully. It ought to be beyond any reasonable doubt.

Some producers of fake goods merely print out a well-known brand’s logo and attach it to the box. Such labeling draws the eye right away and appears highly dubious.

Control panel for oil heater.

Secondly, when reading the device’s instruction manual, focus on the section that describes the device’s operating time. It is typically five or seven years. Longer terms are less typical. Recognize that you will be using the heater during this time and not for an additional day.

If not, there is a much higher chance that it will explode. Saving money on this equipment is not a good idea. There could be significant material losses if there is a fire. You should discard a heater that has been in use for the entire stated operating period. It is advised to break it before doing so to prevent anyone else from using a potentially hazardous device.

Returning to the contents table

What to choose

Naturally, every customer wants to know the answer to the dilemma of whether to use a radiator or a convector to heat their home, vacation home, or apartment.

Every one of these gadgets can only be useful under specific circumstances. Thus, for example, a convector and a radiator can be used to heat a large room.

The convector will operate faster, more safely, and more efficiently than the radiator, which will provide more uniform heating.

An oil radiator might be a better option for heating small spaces because of its higher heat output and mobility, which make it simple to move to any location. Thus, it can be concluded that the ideal heating device for localized areas is a radiator.

Not to be overlooked is another factor. Since oil radiators were introduced much earlier than convectors, consumers have a little more faith in them. Many people would rather heat their homes the old-fashioned way and pay little attention to what experts have to say about the benefits of new technologies.

Currently, heater companies estimate that radiators are purchased approximately four times more frequently than convectors. Their cheaper price is mostly to blame for this.

To be sure of your personal comfort, it is probably not the best idea to select a source solely based on cost; convectors are the best option in many situations due to their indisputable advantages, even though there is a slight difference in this parameter. Because of this, the market for convectors is expanding gradually, adding 15–25% annually.

Therefore, depending on the particular situation, one or more heating devices may be the best option. Giving due thought to the advantages and disadvantages of each one will enable you to select the one that best suits your needs and provides the required level of comfort and coziness at the lowest possible expense.

Boilers on organic fuel

Electricity-powered appliances have an efficiency factor of 100%.

Manufacturers of fossil fuels, such as wood, coal, solar fuel (fuel oil), or gas, guarantee the following coefficients:

• conventional gas-fired boiler – η_г=90%;
• condensing gas boiler – η_gc=96%;
• for diesel fuel – η_dt=85%;
• on solid fuel (wood) η_dr=70%; the pyrolysis boiler has the highest coefficient, equal to η_{dr pyr}=90%.

Table that contrasts traditional electric heaters.

You must figure out how much power the house needs to be heated before you buy a heater. The boiler’s output needs to make up for the heat that escapes from the interior rooms. It is impossible to calculate these losses accurately without the assistance of a specialist due to their complexity. Nonetheless, you can practically use the obtained data for an approximative calculation.

As a result, experience has shown that in European nations where wall, ceiling, and attic insulation has been used for a considerable amount of time, 100 W per square meter of space is sufficient to offset losses.

It is convenient to use the empirically established hourly heat loss per 1 m3 volume of the house when comparing boilers based on fuel costs. We’ll represent it as γ (kWh). We can now calculate the quantity of fuel, S, that must be used in an hour. The formula can be used to accomplish this:

Where w is the specific heat capacity of combustion, expressed in kWh, and V is the building’s volume.

For each fuel, the specific heat of combustion is:

• 1 m3 of natural gas is 34 MJ or 9.45 kWh;
• 1 kg of diesel fuel 42 MJ or 11.7 kWh;
• 1 liter of diesel fuel 33.6 MJ or 9.33 kWh;
• 1 kg of dry firewood 10 MJ or 2.78 kWh; the specific heat of combustion of firewood is higher and equals 4 kWh; 1 liter of diesel fuel 33.6 MJ or 9.78 kWh.

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Features, pros and cons of oil radiators and convectors

Let’s start by highlighting the characteristics that these two kinds of heaters have in common:

• To obtain heat, both of them use electrical energy with a fairly high efficiency (more than 90%);
• They have a modern aesthetic appearance and therefore fit well into the interior of the room;
• They can be quickly and easily installed and connected, practically anyone can do it. The main thing is that the wiring and the socket to which the heater will be connected, were designed for its power;
• Both, practically, do not burn oxygen from the air, as, for example, cheaper heaters with open spirals;
• No noise during operation;
• Both oil radiator and floor convector can be easily transferred from room to room, using in the right place.

Let us now examine their features and weigh the benefits and drawbacks to decide which of these two heater types is the better fit for the particular requirements of your house or apartment.

What is an oil radiator and what is the difference between them?

An oil radiator is a vertically ribbed container with a mineral oil filling that is used to house a heating element. Depending on the model, it may have various switch types, an integrated rheostat, overheating and tipping sensors, and power regulation and operational safety features. Certain models incorporate a fan into their design to facilitate quicker room heating.

Heating is carried out in the following way: electric current is supplied to the heating element. That heats the oil, and it, in turn, heats the ribbed body, the temperature of which can be up to 90 ° C. Because of this heating chain, this heater has a relative thermal inertia: first it is necessary for the oil and the body itself to heat up and only then the room starts to heat up. On the other hand, when it is switched off, it still retains heat for some time – until the oil cools down. The air in the room is heated both by direct radiation from the surface of the heater"s fins and by air convection.

Despite the fact that the oil in the heater’s body helps it to hold heat longer after it has been turned off, the oil’s flammability and potential to leak should the housing become loose present a drawback for both safety and weight gain. As a result, these devices can weigh anywhere between 10 and 30 kg. Most oil radiators come in a floor model with wheels or legs.

Electric convector or convector heater

The heating element (heating element) is directly installed into a metal ribbed heat exchanger with a large contact area, which increases its efficiency slightly in comparison to the oil heater previously discussed. Convection is the method used to heat the air in the space; cold air falls on a heat exchanger, becomes heated, rises to the top, and is replaced by another volume of cold air. Convection, or natural circulation, allows the room to heat naturally.

An external decorative panel, or casing, covers the ribbed heat exchanger. It features slits at the top to allow heated air to escape and openings at the bottom for cold air. The casing’s surface itself warms up very little. As a result, the heater’s direct heat radiation is likewise minimal. This method of heating a room takes some time because convection does not heat a space instantly.

Although there is no oxygen burned, dust from the floor may rise. The heat exchanger, which is heated to temperatures above 100 °C, may come into contact with the same dust. In addition, dust may accumulate on the heat exchanger’s plates if the convector is left off for an extended period of time. There is a burnt dust smell when the heater is turned on and running in both situations.

Floor convector powered by electricity

The convector is safer to use and typically weighs only up to 10 kg because of its lack of liquid in its design. There are wall-mounted and floor-mounted versions of these heaters. Particularly in its wall-mounted variant, the convector is thin and compact. Similar to an oil heater, different models may have different switches and sensors to guarantee both convenient and secure operation.

Mounted electric convector on the wall

Selecting an appropriate heating system for your house is essential for both thermal comfort and energy economy. In this post, we’ve explored a variety of heater types—from contemporary heat pumps to conventional furnaces—and evaluated how well they insulate and heat your home.

First, we looked at conventional furnaces, which have long been a mainstay in many homes. Furnaces can be less efficient than more modern options, even though they still supply steady heat. Their dependence on fossil fuels also prompts questions about sustainability and the effects on the environment.

We then talked about electric heaters, which are easy to install and convenient. However, variables like room size and insulation can affect how effective they are. They might also result in increased electricity costs, particularly in areas with high energy prices.

We also looked at the advantages of heat pumps, which draw energy from renewable sources like ground or air heat. Heat pumps are adaptable options for year-round comfort because they can be used for both heating and cooling. Heat pumps have higher initial costs, but they can save energy costs over time.

We also took into account how crucial insulation is to maximizing the effectiveness of any heating system. Maintaining adequate insulation in your home helps to keep heat inside, which eases the strain on your heater and saves energy. Homeowners can create a more comfortable and energy-efficient living space by investing in insulation.

In conclusion, a variety of factors, such as the fuel source, installation, and maintenance, affect how efficient a particular heater is. Although conventional furnaces have proven to be dependable, more recent technologies, such as heat pumps and electric heaters, offer better sustainability and energy efficiency. Appropriate insulation is crucial for maximizing performance and cutting energy expenses, regardless of the type of heater. You can choose the best heater for your house that balances comfort, efficiency, and environmental impact by carefully assessing your heating needs and taking budget, climate, and other factors into account.

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