Design and purpose of the check valve

Every little part of your home’s insulation and heating system is essential to maintaining comfort and efficiency. The check valve is one such part that is frequently overlooked but is crucial to the efficient operation of heating systems. The check valve, in spite of its tiny size, is crucial for keeping your heating system intact and preventing backflow.

Now, describe a check valve in detail. In a nutshell, it’s a mechanical device that permits one direction of fluid flow while blocking reverse flow. When it comes to heating systems, the check valve makes sure that steam or heated water flows in the right direction and keeps it from flowing back and damaging the system.

Let’s now examine the check valve’s design. It usually consists of a movable disc, flap, or piston that opens and closes in response to the direction of flow, along with a valve body that has an inlet and an outlet. Depending on the particular application and kind of heating system, the design may change.

However, why is the check valve so crucial? Now picture this: Hot water is gushing through the pipes to warm your house because you just turned on your boiler. In the absence of a check valve, there is a chance that hot water may accidentally recirculate back into the boiler, which could lead to overheating, pressure buildup, or even boiler damage.

The check valve intervenes in this situation. It guarantees the safe and effective operation of your heating system by permitting fluid to flow in a single direction. The check valve is essential for preserving peak performance in any type of heating system, including steam boilers, hot water heaters, and radiant floors.

How to install the valve correctly

Installing a check valve in the socket version is the simplest method of installation. It can be installed in residential and apartment buildings’ water supply and heating systems. In order to safeguard metering devices and other network segments from water hammer, three easy steps must be taken:

• Choose the location. In apartments, it is common to install a water return valve before the meter or before the heating boiler.
• Take fittings of the required diameter and wrap a sealant on the threads: tape, thread or linen.
• Fix the device with fittings, open the water tap and check the connection for leaks.

Manufacturers stamp an arrow on the valve body. It displays the water’s flow direction. It is important to install with this reference point in mind, or else the shut-off device will need to be repositioned because the pressure will still be blocked after the work is finished.

Let’s offer some advice:

1. The valve is installed upstream of the pumping station in the circuit of the operating water system. For this purpose, a place is selected on the pipe where a break is made and connected with a shut-off device.
2. As part of the sewer system, the valve will help prevent waste and sewage from flowing in the opposite direction. Installation is carried out on pipes of suitable diameter by means of tapping. The diameter of the valve can be 50-100 mm. Connections of cast iron or plastic are made with a special adapter.
3. In a single-circuit heating system, the valve is necessary to pressurize the coolant by heating, without the use of a pump. The installation process is similar to the process of installing the valve on the water supply system.

Even trustworthy shut-off valves malfunction occasionally. It is essential to understand how to disassemble the check valve in case of a breakdown. This is not hard at all. The working fluid must first be drained from the system and the flow must be stopped. After that, remove the nuts and disassemble the fittings or flanges. The shut-off unit removal and replacement of the faulty parts constitute the last step. The order of assembly is reversed.

Installing shut-off valves close to the water meter requires extreme caution to avoid damaging the seal that the utilities and housing workers installed.

Variants of working connection schemes

There are many different types of heating systems, and not all of them need a non-return valve. Let’s look at a few situations where installing it is required.

First, if the circuits in a closed circuit have circulation pumps, then each individual circuit needs to have a check valve installed on it.

In a single-circuit system, some knowledgeable individuals adamantly advise installing a spring-type check valve prior to the inlet of the sole circulation pump. They base their recommendations on the idea that the pumping equipment can be shielded from hydrostroke in this manner.

This is not at all accurate. First off, there is very little reason to install a check valve in a single-circuit system. Second, the device’s use becomes meaningless if it is not installed after the circulation pump.

Parasitic flows will inevitably occur in a heating scheme that includes two or more boilers. Therefore, connecting a non-return valve is required.

Reverse-acting shut-off devices are essential for multi-circuit systems. For instance, when two boilers—electric and solid fuel boilers, among others—are used for heating.

The pressure in the pipeline will unavoidably change if one of the circulation pumps is turned off, and a so-called parasitic flow—which moves in a tiny circle and portends trouble—will appear. In this situation, shut-off valves are a need.

When utilizing an indirect boiler, the circumstances are comparable. particularly if the apparatus lacks a buffer tank, hydrostrelka, distribution comb, or a separate pump. There is a significant chance of parasitic flow here as well, which calls for a check valve to close.

In bypass systems, the usage of shut-off valves is also required. These schemes are typically employed when redesigning a scheme to convert from gravity to forced liquid circulation.

In this instance, the bypass valve is mounted in parallel with the machinery of the circulation pump. It is anticipated that forced operation will be the primary mode of operation. However, the system will automatically revert to natural circulation if the pump is turned off because of an electrical outage or other malfunction.

Check valves are required when setting up bypass units for heating schemes. One of the options for connecting the bypass is depicted in the figure.

The pump will stop supplying the heat transfer medium, and the check valve actuating unit will shut off when the pressure is removed.

The liquid then starts to move through the main line by convection again. Until the pump is operating, this process will keep going. Furthermore, experts advise fitting a check valve on the make-up pipe. For many reasons, it is preferable to avoid emptying the heating system, but it is an optional step.

To raise the system pressure, for instance, the owner has turned on the make-up line tap. In the unlikely event that the water supply is suddenly cut off, the coolant will just push the remaining cold water into the pipelines by squeezing it out. This will leave the heating system empty, cause a sudden drop in pressure, and cause the boiler to shut off.

Using the appropriate valves is crucial for the above-discussed schemes. In order to prevent parasitic flows between adjacent circuits, installing disk or petal devices is recommended.

When choosing the valve, keep in mind that the latter option has a lower hydraulic resistance in this instance.

It is not recommended to use spring check valves in heating systems where the heating medium circulates naturally. Here, only petals turning devices can be installed.

For the bypass unit, a ball valve is the better option. This is because it provides almost no resistance at all.

It is possible to install a disk-type valve in the make-up pipeline. The model ought to be built to withstand a fair amount of operating pressure.

As a result, check valves are not compatible with all heating systems. It is a necessary component of pipeline branching points and boiler and radiator bypass arrangements of all kinds.

Advantages and disadvantages of flange type check valves

Because flange-type check valves are typically used to equip pipelines that transport media at high intensities, during operation, the internal components of these devices—specifically, the shut-off mechanism—are subjected to considerable shock loads. Furthermore, hydraulic shocks are caused by the flange-type check valve because of its large size. Hydrostroke forms when the pressure in the pipeline where the valve is installed rises during the process of closing the flaps of the valve.

Check valves of the simple type are used in pipeline systems where the hydraulic shock cannot significantly affect the performance of individual elements or the system overall. Usually, the latter’s diameter doesn’t go above 400 mm. Check valves of the non-impact type are utilized otherwise. Shockless flange valves with a smooth and gentle shut-off element can be equipped with hydraulic dampers or special weights. In the meantime, keep in mind that shockless type check gates can only be installed on horizontal sections when selecting them to equip a pipeline system.

An axial type flanged non-return valve

The following should be listed as some of the main benefits of flanged check valves:

• compact dimensions, which makes it possible to install such devices practically on any parts of the pipeline system;
• the possibility of effective operation even in those systems where the working medium is characterized by strong contamination;
• possibility of installation on pipelines characterized by a large diameter.

Design of different types of valves

The design features of a water check valve determine which one to use and how to install it. The water valve may be one of the following types:

Socket spring check valve

The device consists of two cylinders connected by a threaded connection to form its body. The spool is made up of two plates, a plastic pusher, and a strong gasket. When the liquid pressure is applied and reaches the predetermined value, the shutter is in its normal closed position. This pushes the spring, which opens the water valve. The plug is closed when the head descends because the spring puts the spool back in position.

Swivel petal

This version has a rotating spool instead of an axial one, with the axis positioned above the gate lumen. The valve opens when fluid pressure is applied because it pushes the flap. The lumen closes when the head descends because the slide descends due to gravity or the return spring.

It’s crucial to adhere to the "top" marking and the maximum slope specified in the instructions when installing such a device. When a large device’s flap returns, it hits the seat forcefully, increasing the risk of hydrostroke and possibly the device failing altogether.

Shock damping components must be included, and a complex design is required to avoid this. Large diameter gates that are insensitive to the presence of suspended solids and other inclusions in the liquid can be created thanks to the design.

Ball model

The disc spring valve’s design and mode of operation are strikingly similar. A ball that is pressed against the seat by a spring serves as the locking component. It is mostly utilized in home plumbing systems for small diameter pipes. Compared to a disc valve with the same cross-section, this check valve is larger on the outside.

Lift type product

In this instance, the spool rod is positioned vertically; when water pressure builds up, the spool rises and opens the gate valve. The stem lowers and the valve closes as the head falls. Installation of these devices is limited; they can only be planned for pipes that are positioned horizontally. One major benefit of these designs is that the spool can be repaired without having to take the entire body apart. The higher standards for the liquid’s purity are the drawback.

The device of different types of valves

Depending on the type of pump it is intended for, the water check valve’s design changes.

This is the first thing you should consider when choosing a suitable model.

Product’s internal design

Coupling spring check valve

A disk (plate) that is attached to a spring element (spring) functions as a gate in these products. The valve can be closed with the force of the latter. The spring action is reduced and the flow through the pipes is unhindered as soon as the water supply is turned on. The disk presses up against the seat and the flow opening becomes blocked if the system pressure begins to drop. On pipes that are 15-200 mm in diameter, the socket spring check valve can be installed.

The product’s design for the spring coupling

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Within the water supply system is a water pressure regulator. If the water pressure is strong or even normal, this device is all you need. And the reason our independent review will teach you.

Double-leaf models, especially those with shock absorbers to lessen the force of hydrostroke, are preferred in highly complex water supply systems. They have shut-off disks installed, which are made of two flaps that fold in half when the flow exerts force on them. The disk moves in the opposite direction and returns to its starting position when the water presses it against the seat. installable on pipes with a 50–700 mm cross dimension.

Article on double-leaf disk coupling

Swivel (lobe)

The rotary model is characterized by the inclusion of a spool, or "slam," with an axis situated above the passage hole. The spool tilts and water begins to flow through the pipes as a result of the pressure that is created.

The spool descends, blocking the passage channel, as soon as the system pressure drops below a predetermined point. Because of its unique design, the butterfly valve on pipes with a large diameter breaks down quickly because when it opens, the spool strikes the seat quite forcefully. Hydraulic shock frequently happens when such a product is operated further.

Stages involved in the formation of hydraulic shocks

Rotating check valves are present:

• simple. Relevant for pipelines whose performance does not depend on shock phenomena. Installation on pipes with a diameter of up to 400 mm is possible;
• Shockless, which include special devices that can soften the spool seating on the seat or make it smoother.

Information that is helpful! Swivel models are less sensitive to the level of water contamination because of their design, which allows them to be installed on pipes with a large diameter.

Large swivel unit diameter

Ball model

Here, a ball that is pushed against the seat by a spring serves as the shut-off element. The flow pushes the ball back when there is enough pressure in the system. The passage is sealed when the ball rotates due to a decrease in pressure. Their small overall dimensions define them.

The ball valve’s operation

Lifting spool

The lifting spool is the shut-off component. The spool is raised by the pressure the water’s passage through the pipes creates. This means that the flow is unhindered. The spool is lowered to the seat and the water cannot move in the opposite direction as soon as the pressure is decreased.

Information that is helpful! Lifting valves can only be installed in horizontal sections due to their unique design. The product’s axis needs to be positioned vertically.

Lift check valve arrangement

Check valves for submersible pumps

Selecting a safety valve model whose connection dimensions match the pipeline’s diameter is crucial when installing them. The necessary degree of tightness is attained when the valve is connected to the submersible pump’s suction connection.

Submersible pump product

Making and installing a check valve with your own hands

Devices for everyday use are reasonably priced, making them accessible to people of all income levels. However, you can also construct it on your own using standard pipe system connectors.

Necessary tools and materials

You must first gather the necessary supplies in order to master the valve by hand:

• a standard socket with external thread – will serve as a seat for the gate;
• Tee with a thread on the inner surface to form a housing;
• a steel spring of sufficient stiffness;
• steel ball with a diameter slightly smaller than the conditional passage of the tee;
• plug – a plug with a thread;
• FUM tape.

There should be instruments available, like:

• set of plumbing wrenches;
• tape measure;
• metal hacksaws;
• threading dies.

Work progress

Put the valve together as follows:

• The socket is screwed into one of the tee sockets located on the side of the boiler body. It should overlap the center hole by 2 mm, so that when the product is working, the ball does not pop out into it;
• a ball is inserted into the side hole on the back side, then a spring;
• this spigot is tightly plugged with a plug on the tape FUM.

A crucial aspect of the manufacturing process is ensuring that the spring is correctly positioned to prevent deflection when the head lowers, without being overly taut as to impede the system’s normal operation.

The installation process for products manufactured in factories and those made by hand follow the same steps:

• stopping the flow of the transported medium in the water system as a whole by means of a gate valve, or disconnecting a certain section where the installation will be carried out;
• cutting out a part of the pipe corresponding to the size of the purchased appliance;
• threading of pipe ends or connecting flanges (inter-flange type of connection);
• screwing the product into the thread on the pipes or clamping the valve between the flanges with sealing gaskets;
• check tightness of joints, checking of the body positioning.

Rules for installation and operation of the device

The following are general guidelines for installing and using all kinds of check valves:

• the need to take into account the movement of the working fluid and correctly position the device so that the arrow on the body is pointing in the same direction as the flow;
• the place of installation of the device must be easily accessible in case of repair, maintenance or replacement;
• it is correct to install lifting swivels only in horizontal position;
• threaded connections require additional sealing with FUM tape, linen skein or silicone;
• if the device works with dirty liquids, a coarse filter should be installed at the inlet, as the medium with large inclusions can damage the actuating mechanism of the water valve;
• the device must be tested for leaks prior to installation.

Connection diagram

The picture illustrates several locations for the check valve:

• To protect the water meter

• To correct the operation of pumping equipment

Valve springs

The spring operates in highly stressed circumstances. Its primary function is to establish a tight and safe connection between the seat and the valve. The spring’s resonance often causes it to break under stress. The spring’s coils are made with varying pitches to avoid this phenomenon.

Another option is to create a double or conical spring. Another benefit of double springs is that their two parts minimize the overall size of the springs and improve mechanism reliability.

The inner and outer springs’ coils are wound in different directions to remove the potential for resonance in a double spring. Additionally, it permits the part’s fragments to be retained because, in the event that the spring breaks, they will become trapped between the coils.

Steel wire is the substance used to make valve springs. The product is tempered and hardened after shaping. They are blown with air and abrasive material added to increase durability.

The springs are coated with zinc oxide or cadmium oxide to prevent corrosion. The springs are flattened and their ends ground. This is done to fix spring ends in the cylinder block more securely using unique fixed plates. The lower plate is secured to the valve by a nut, and the plates are composed of low-carbon steel.

How to choose a check valve

You should carefully consider your sewage system’s features before purchasing a shut-off device for personal use. Considering its details, you must make a decision.

These qualities should be considered when choosing the best choice:

• socket diameter;
• material;
• fixture size;
• complexity of installation;
• quality and warranty;
• price.

Furthermore, the cost is obviously secondary to the functionality and dependability of the valve. Your financial options should serve as your guide in this situation. For instance, it makes no sense to spend more than $120,000 on a modified shut-off device with an electric motor for a small dacha with inexpensive plastic sewer pipes.

There are models with a vertical installation option in addition to those with a horizontal installation method.

The socket diameter is the most crucial factor. It is a crucial feature that needs to match the diameter of the sewer pipe where the check valve is going to be installed.

Choosing a device cross-section size that is too big or too small and purchasing specialized adapters would be a mistake. This may exceed the installed pipes’ capacity and interfere with the system’s established mechanism of operation.

The same material used to make sewer pipes is also used to make check valves:

• plastic;
• steel, including stainless steel;
• cast iron;
• bronze;
• other materials, less common.

Selecting the option that matches the installed sewer pipes in the home, cottage, or apartment is the best option out of those that are presented. Cutting a plastic valve into a cast iron pipeline or the other way around is not a practical solution. Plastic models are also the least expensive.

It is appropriate to install metal shut-off device models in pipelines with similar materials.

Regarding dimensions, the locking mechanism ought to be selected in accordance with the space that is available for its installation. Remember that there are valves designed for both horizontal and vertical installations. Most people opt for option number two. However, choose the vertical version if there isn’t enough room in the kitchen, bathroom, utility room, or behind the toilet.

A reasonable solution in cases where space is limited would be to use interflange check valve models, which only require gaskets for installation.

If a plumber is to be invited, the cost of the installation work will depend on how simple it is to install. A home handyman with the bare minimum of tools could install it if it’s a straightforward plastic model.

Additionally, inspecting the model you like and making sure nothing dangles or creaks under your fingers before making a purchase is not superfluous. The manufacturer applied an arrow on top, which is something you must notice. The direction of sewage flow is always indicated on high-quality products, preventing installation errors.

For this product, the seller ought to request a warranty from the manufacturer. A high-quality factory-made product will always come with installation guidelines and warranty paperwork.

The check valve can also serve as a rodent deterrent in private residences and cottages.

It is important to comprehend the function of a check valve when it comes to home insulation and heating. Your heating system’s check valve acts as a gatekeeper, ensuring that hot water only flows in one direction, preventing backflow, and maintaining system efficiency. In essence, it’s a straightforward but crucial component that keeps your heating system safe and effective. Maintaining constant warmth and averting expensive damage requires a correctly installed and operating check valve, whether you’re dealing with a boiler, radiant heating system, or any other kind of heating system.

Types and properties

Check valve shutoff elements may have different designs, and flanges are used to install them. The functions for which a flange gate valve is designed determine which kind of shutoff element to use.

Thus, a distinction is made based on the shut-off element’s design:

• butterfly valve;
• lift type check valve
• check valve with ball shut-off element;
• double-leaf check valve;
• Receiving check valve equipped with a screen.

The layout of some flange-style check valves

A swing check valve is a shutoff device, the main part of which is a steel slamming disk fixed on a spring-loaded axis. At the moment when such a check valve is open, the disk in its inner part is located parallel to the movement of the working medium, and when it is closed – perpendicularly. The flanged swing check valve is characterized by a simple design and, consequently, a low cost. If we talk about the disadvantages of check valves of this type, the most significant of them is that their rotary mechanism at the time of closing too much slams the locking disk, which over time leads to wear of the seat. Such a disadvantage is devoid of rotary check valves, equipped with a special mechanism that provides a smooth closing of the shut-off disk. Meanwhile, such advanced flanged butterfly valves are characterized by a higher cost, which somewhat limits their application.

Swing check valve design

A unique spool is used as a shut-off element in lifting check valves of the flange type. It rises vertically under the pressure of the working flow and falls to its seat when the pressure drops, preventing the medium from moving through the pipeline. It should be noted that these valves can only be installed vertically due to their design.

As the name suggests, a ball-shaped spool serves as the shut-off element in ball check valves. They cannot be used as interflange shut-off devices due to their large size.

Check valve with flanged ball design

The design of the double-leaf check valve, which is primarily made in the interflange version, uses two flaps that slam simultaneously. Every one of them has a spring attached to it that controls how strong it is when the working flow pressure is applied. The small size of the interflanged double-leaf valve’s shut-off elements, or flaps, contributes to its extremely compact dimensions.

Check valves are installed on pipeline systems for the purpose of pumping water, gas, or oil from subterranean sources. Their design also includes a strainer. These devices, the most widely used of which is the 16Ch42P, accomplish two crucial jobs at once: the grid keeps the pipeline clear of big debris and their locking mechanism prevents the liquid or gas from returning to the source.

The 16Ch42P valve’s design varies based on the product’s dimensions.

The steel or cast iron body of the Model 16Ch42P exhibits great adaptability and can be mounted on pipelines or pumps that are used to pump both liquid and gaseous media.

The valve’s overall and connecting dimensions are 16h42r.

Water check valve for a pump or pumping station

A safety gate valve is not included in the pre-sale set of the home installation for pumping stations, although a check valve is a required component.

Consider the check valve’s connection dimensions before making a purchase.

Check valves for submersible pumps

The safety valve’s diameter needs to match the pipe’s diameter if it is to be installed on the pipeline’s suction line. The dimensions of the components should guarantee tightness of the connection when installing the valve on a submersible pump’s suction connection.

Submersible pump automation kit with check valve

Protective fitting manufacturers took care of the check valve installation on the pump:

• Before the check valve for a water pump, it is recommended to install coarse mechanical filters;
• modern models of deep well and borehole pumps are equipped with direct acting safety valves at the equipment development stage;
• Special protection is required for the suction check valve for a well pump, which is installed on the suction line from a well, borehole or open body of water. Mesh or perforated stainless steel cage is connected to the check valve with the help of threads.

Check valves for pumping stations

A surface pumping station’s check valve serves the same purposes as a borehole unit’s safety device. The gadget is installed on a self-priming pressure blower’s suction connection, which makes a difference.

Check the pumping station’s strainer valve.

Types and purpose of check and shutoff valves

Notwithstanding the check valve’s tiny size, the water system’s pressure cannot be maintained without it. It falls under the category of pipeline fittings, the primary function of which is to stop water flow from reversing in the water supply system’s pipes.

The movement of household pumping equipment in unusual directions is not intended for it.

A check valve is used to restrict the water flow to one direction and completely stop it from flowing back (+).

There are pumping station models available where the manufacturer has integrated a check valve into the apparatus. These variations include a suction hose with an integrated check valve. However, these fittings must typically be bought separately.

These valves are mounted in front of the pumping station or directly behind the pump with a hydraulic accumulator on the suction line, as well as at the inlet to the domestic water supply system.

Check valves are categorized into the following categories based on where they are installed in the water supply system arrangement:

• Bottom. Prevent backflow of water lifted from the source when the pumping equipment is switched off. Create conditions for the unit to operate without constantly filling the unit with water before starting the unit itself and the suction line.
• Piped. These include axial and leaf varieties. Prevent the operating value of the system pressure from falling down.

Water will flow back under gravity when the pump stops if there isn’t a check valve at the end of the pumping station’s suction pipe. Consequently, under dry running conditions, seals will be destroyed and air plugs will form in the line. Water will therefore seep into the electric pump as a result, burning it out.

A check valve can be installed anywhere along the suction line, not just at the beginning. It is installed on the pipeline upstream of the pumping station, or, if it is located separately, upstream of the hydraulic tank, to ensure pressure support.

Most contemporary pumps are shielded from these kinds of operations. However, after every machine stop, the starting water needs to be replenished.

The impeller in some pump models may spin backwards at all, which could lead to a pump malfunction. This valve must be installed on the liquid intake line from the source in order for the water pumping unit to receive any electronic protection.

Check valves shield the off-line pumping station from the operating devices’ pressure when multiple pumping stations are connected to a single unit.

It is slightly different when there is a pipeline check valve in place. In this case, the water distribution system inside the home is protected rather than the pump. Through its ability to lock water in the pipes and prevent it from returning to the hydroaccumulator, the check valve aids in keeping the system’s working pressure at the necessary level. In the absence of it, water has a tendency to seep back into the storage tank, causing it to enter abnormal mode of operation.

Check valves guard against hydraulic shocks to the pump, plumbing fixtures, and plumbing system, increasing a pumping station’s dependability and efficiency. Generally speaking, an essential tool. However, water must exert energy to open the gate, which causes a 0.1–0.3 atm drop in flow pressure after it passes through.

About product varieties

It is possible to alter the working medium’s flow rate through regulating devices. Depending on whether the solenoid valve is closed or open in the absence of pressure in the pipeline, two types of external, conditional control exist: normally closed solenoid valves and normally open solenoid valves.

The most widely used type of valve is normally closed because it has a feature that keeps aggressive substances from leaking. An open valve is typically used infrequently, primarily when a power outage necessitates opening the pipeline.

Burkert lists the following models of explosion-proof valves:

• model 2/2 stroke explosion-proof normally closed valve with integral diaphragm servo control. Such a valve is used in neutral media, for liquids and air. Maximum working pressure 16 bar. Temperature range from -40 to +120 degrees Celsius. Cross-section of 1.3-6.5 centimeters;
• model 5282. 2/2 way normally closed explosion-proof valve with isolating diaphragm. Can be used in mildly aggressive media up to 16 bar. Valve cross-section – 1.3-5 centimeters. Conversion to normally open type is possible;
• model 5404. 2/2 way normally closed explosion-proof valve with piston. Use in neutral media, such as air conveying, at pressures up to 50 atmospheres. Manufactured in brass with cross sections up to 2.5 centimeters;
• model 6013. 2/2 way explosion-proof direct acting normally closed valve. Can be used in both neutral and aggressive liquids and gases up to 25 bar. Valve cross-section 2-6 millimeters. Can be supplied degreased;
• model 6014. 3/2 way solenoid explosion-proof direct acting valve. Can be used for liquids and compressed air. Maximum working pressure is 16 bar and cross-section is from 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters.

Solenoid valve that is explosion-proof

A large family of vacuum systems includes the vacuum valve. Its application’s primary goal is to seal and turn off specific elements that are supplied by vacuum piping. The solenoid vacuum valve offers autonomous control over operation without human intervention.

Its construction is much simpler than that of a gate valve. There is a plate on the vacuum valve that runs parallel to both the gas flow and seat axes. This drastically lowers the conductivity of it. the solenoid vacuum valve is the reason has a 40 mm maximum flange diameter restriction.

They are employed for remote control compression air flow regulation. The KEM 32-20 and 32-23 two-way pneumatic valves, which are intended to function in engine oil, are an exception. A solenoid pneumatic valve satisfies all verified environmental requirements and is completely safe for both humans and animals.

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Purpose of the sewer check valve

The purpose of the sewer check valve is to stop human waste from flowing backward. Serious problems could arise from an overflowing toilet bowl if the sewer check valve is absent. It’s the one that stops people from going back into the drain system when the main sewer line clogs.

The design of this device is rather straightforward, despite the significance of the problem. The sewerage check valve consists of a unique round plate with a rubber gasket and a unique spring-loaded lever that is fastened to the body.

Its purpose is to securely close the outlet. Water begins to flow in as the pressure releases the obstruction. When the pressure drops, the lever drops as well, keeping the liquid from going back into the system.

Various materials can be used to construct a sewer check valve. Stainless steel, cast iron, or bronze are typically utilized. This device may occasionally be composed of polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene.

Following certain guidelines is necessary when installing a check valve on the sewer:

1. Installation of the device is carried out only in a place from which it is easy to carry out inspection and routine maintenance.
2. When choosing a model for sewerage, it is important to take into account all its technical characteristics.
3. When installing the selected valve, it is important to follow the direction indicated by the arrows on the body of the device.
4. It is obligatory to check the purchased device for tightness.

It was simple and quick to install the check valve on the sewer system; however, you should plan ahead and gather all the tools required. The pipeline has a section of surface removed, which the check valve simply slides into.

If the pipe is made of cast iron, a unique plastic to metal adapter must be supplied.

Installing a check valve is crucial for safeguarding your house against the entry of unwanted noises, odors, and sewage water from outside sources. Specialized knowledge or training is not necessary for installation work; the most important thing is to proceed with caution and consideration.

Structure and purpose of shut-off valves

Install special locking devices to prevent towels, bathrobes, bedspreads, and other objects from covering the holes in the sink, bathtub, and toilet bowl all night in order to protect your home from a sewer flood. Unintentionally flushing a single plastic bag down the toilet can occasionally have disastrous results.

What is a check valve?

Special devices are used to prevent waste water from flowing in the opposite direction. These devices are timed to release and block the waste water’s path. This shut-off valve is used for sewerage in homes, apartments, workplaces, and manufacturing facilities. Additionally, water supply and heating systems are equipped with shut-off devices.

When the time is right, check valves can seal the sewer pipe’s opening. Additionally, every piece of sewage that began to flow in the opposite direction will have to find a different path.

How the check valve looks

Check valve in the absence of an actuator

Sewer valve at the home’s outlet

Installation and use in the restroom

Where the manhole is located

Safeguarding domestic appliances from being overloaded

Fixture featuring an inspection hatch

The most basic check valve for sinks and bidets

This can occur in an apartment building with multiple stories, where tenants who live below one another typically share a common riser. If the first floor residents have installed a sewer shut-off valve, then sewer eruption is visible even from the second floor.

The sewage column is unlikely to reach the third floor if the valve is located on the second floor. The pressure from the valve will force the clog to sell through, allowing everything to float away and into the shared sewer pipe.

Design and operating features

There is a large range of shapes, sizes, and variations available for sewer shut-off valves. They have various working parts and are constructed of various materials. However, they all function in the same way, which is to obstruct the path of sewage that has suddenly changed course.

Regardless of the shut-off device’s model, installation must be done in a location that will make future inspection and cleaning as easy as possible.

Typically, the valve is composed of these components:

• Inlet and outlet spigots;
• lever for forced drainage;
• Diaphragm/working device for closing the entire cross-section of the pipeline;
• a cover for inspection and cleaning.

Depending on the model, the operating mechanism could be a flap, rubber ball, or another device that seals off the pipe entirely.

There is nothing that can stop the drains from moving in the intended direction. They should reverse course because the mechanism will shut off the pipe’s entire cross section.

Is it necessary in principle?

It’s not always necessary to install shut-off devices. It is possible to live without these devices in certain situations. For instance, sewage backing up into the bathroom due to a clogged riser pipe is not a concern for a family residing in a fifth-floor apartment.

The red arrow designates the proper direction of the drains, so it must be followed when installing a check valve.

When is a check valve necessary?

• the apartment is on the 1st or 2nd floor of a multi-storey building;
• in a private single-storey house/ summer house;
• in a 2 or 3-storey cottage;
• in office premises on the 1st or 2nd floor, especially if the building has old pipes.

Installing a shut-off device will be less expensive for certain types of properties than dealing with the fallout later.

A lever on top of the valve allows you to forcefully close off the sewer pipe.

Types of check valves

The following categories of water check valves are based on their internal composition and intended use:

Interflange, spring disk and double-leaf valve.

The smallest design of all the varieties.

A disk (plate) with a spring as the pressure element functions as a gate valve in a spring disk valve.

During operation, the water pressure pressurizes the disk, enabling unrestricted flow.

The spring presses the disk against the seat when the pressure drops, obstructing the flow opening.

Verify the valve’s size range of 15 to 200 mm.

When a complex hydraulic system’s pump is stopped, a phenomenon known as water hammer may arise, potentially leading to system damage.

In these kinds of systems—big, intricate systems with shock absorbers to lessen water hammer—double-leaf valves are employed.

The water flow folds the shut-off disk in half. The disk is pressed against the seat by the reverse flow, which puts it back in its original state. 50 mm to 700 mm in size range; even bigger than spring disk valves.

Interflange check valves have two main advantages: they are lighter and smaller in size. They lack the flanges needed to connect to the pipeline.

Comparing this to standard check valves with the same bore diameter, the weight is reduced by five times and the overall length is reduced by six to eight times.

Benefits include simplicity of installation and operation as well as the ability to install pipeline sections on inclined and vertical surfaces in addition to horizontal ones.

The drawback is that in order to repair the valve, it needs to be completely disassembled.

Swing or lobe check valve

The shut-off component in this design is a spool, or "slam."

Above the bore is the "slam’s" pivoting axis. The "slam" is tipped under the pressure, allowing water to pass through without obstruction.

The spool falls and slams the passage channel shut when the pressure falls below the allowable pressure.

Large diameter check valves experience a powerful spool-to-seat impact, which quickly causes the structure to fail.

This causes a hydraulic shock to occur during subsequent operation when the check valve is activated.

Swing check valves are therefore split into two categories:

1. Simple – valves with diameters up to 400 mm. They are used in systems where shocks cannot seriously affect the operation of the hydraulic system and the valve itself.
2. Shockless – valves with devices that provide a smooth and soft landing of the spool on the seat.

Rotating valves have the benefit of being able to function in large-scale systems and having a low sensitivity to medium contamination.

A valve of this type is situated within the NASA wind tunnel, which has a diameter of seven meters.

The requirement for a damper in large diameter valves is a drawback.

Ball check

There are similarities between the interflange spring disk valve and the check ball valve’s operating principle.

The shut-off component is a ball that is pressed up against the seat by a spring. Ball check valves are typically utilized in sanitary engineering systems, where pipes have a small diameter.

In terms of dimensions, the spring disk valve prevails over the ball check valve.

Check lift

The lift check valve’s shut-off component is the lifting spool.

The spool rises in response to the water’s pressure, allowing the flow through.

The spool on the seat lowers as the pressure decreases, stopping the flow from reversing.

Only pipeline segments that are horizontally oriented have these valves installed. The vertical position of the valve axis is a requirement.

One benefit of the lift check valve is that it can be fixed without needing to take the valve apart completely.

High susceptibility to medium contamination is a drawback.

Valves are classified into four groups based on how they are attached.

1. Weld-on mounting. The non-return valve is attached to the pipeline by welding. It is used when working in aggressive media.
2. Flange mounting. The check valve is connected to the pipeline through flanges with a seal.
3. Coupling. The check valve is attached to the pipeline through a threaded coupling. Used in small diameter systems.
4. Inter-flange mounting. The non-return valve does not have its own fixing unit. It is clamped between the flanges of the pipeline. Used in areas with limited dimensions.

Purpose and application of solenoid valves

A solenoid valve is a remote control device that regulates and shuts off the flow of liquids, air, gas, and other media. Its use can also be entirely automated or done manually at the same time.

With a solenoid valve serving as the primary component, the most widely used type is the esbe solenoid valve. Electric magnets, also known as solenoids, make up a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve functions similarly to a traditional shut-off valve, but it does so without requiring physical force because it controls the working body’s position. The solenoid valve and the system as a whole are powered by the electrical voltage that the coil absorbs.

The solenoid valve is used in everyday life as well as intricate technological processes in manufacturing and utility companies. We are able to independently control the air or liquid supply volume at any given time with the use of such a device. Thin-film systems can function with a vacuum valve.

Conventional and explosion-proof versions of the body can be produced, depending on the circumstances in which the solenoid valve is to be used. These types of devices are primarily found at locations where oil and gas are produced, as well as at fuel depots and car fill-up stations.

Water treatment systems can be automated with the help of water valves. Furthermore, the solenoid water valve finds use in preserving the water level in water storage tanks.

Moreover, you can read more about.

Overview of different models (video)

Valve design

The solenoid valve’s primary structural components are:

• body;
• cover;
• diaphragm (or piston;)
• spring;
• plunger;
• stem;
• electric coil, also called a solenoid.

Schematic of the valve’s construction

The body and cover can be composed of polymeric materials (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, nylon, etc.) or metallic materials (brass, cast iron, stainless steel). Plungers and stems are made of special magnetic materials. To prevent outside influences from affecting the solenoid’s delicate internal workings, coils must be concealed beneath a hermetically sealed, dust-proof housing. Electrical copper-based enameled wire is used to wind the coils.

The device is either flanged or threaded into the pipeline. The valve is connected to the power grid via a plug. Gaskets and seals are made of silicone, rubber, and heat-resistant rubber.

The product includes actuators with an approximate operating voltage of 220V. Separate businesses complete orders for actuators that run on 12 and 24 volts. The actuator has SFU boost control circuitry integrated into it.

Operating principle of electromagnetic systems

All known AC and DC voltages (220V AC, 24 AC, 24 DC, 5 DC, etc.) are compatible with the electromagnetic inductance coil’s operation. Solenoids are housed in unique, water-resistant containers. Solid-state circuits can be used for control because of their low power consumption, particularly for small electromagnetic systems.

Regardless of the kind and strength of the applied voltage, the magnetic field strength increases with a smaller air gap between the stopper and the electromagnetic core. Compared to DC systems, AC electromagnetic systems have a substantially larger stem and stronger magnetic field.

AC systems use a lot of energy to raise the stem and close the gap when voltage is applied and the air gap is at its maximum. This results in a pressure drop and an increase in output flow capacity. Applying a direct current causes the flow rate to increase gradually until the voltage level stabilizes. Because of this, the valves are limited to regulating low-pressure systems—that is, systems with small orifices.

To put it another way, when the unit is in the static position and the coil is de-energized, the piston and valve seat are tightly in contact, depending on the type of unit. The coil sends an impulse to the actuator, which causes the stem to open, when voltage is applied. This is made possible by the magnetic field that the coil produces, which attracts and acts upon the plug.

Replacing the safety valve on the water heater

The heater needs to be turned off and its water supply drained before the odor trap can be installed. The task will need:

• check valve;
• adjustable wrench (2 pcs);
• fum-tape/pakla;
• dry rag.

The procedure is not too complicated. We have to turn off the water. Next, one wrench must be used to hold the damper body while the other is used to unhook the hose from the inlet opening. Remove the device from the boiler by unscrewing it after disconnecting the hose. Remove any old hemp or fumed tape from the titanium inlet connection’s threaded connection.

Replace the odor trap and add a few fresh hemp or fum-tape coils to the inlet connection. Next, but not too tightly, tighten the connection using an adjustable wrench. Next, cover the non-return valve’s "daddy" connection with a few layers of fumed tape or gauze. The water hose’s connection nut should then be screwed on. Check for leaks in connections by opening faucet valves. That concludes the installation process.

You shouldn’t be concerned if water leaks from the drainage hole; this is common. The non-return valve operates and carries out its intended purpose. A thin, clear hose can be attached to the outlet and directed toward the sewer or drain system.

Some heater owners make an effort to conceal the check valve from view. They can position it a good distance away from the boiler in order to achieve their objective. Although installing hydroseal remotely is not forbidden, it is not permitted to install taps or gap locking units in this instance. Long vertical lines can also generate extra pressure, which results in consistent idle flowing.

Two meters is the maximum distance that can be allowed between the titanium and the odor trap. When the prescribed distance is exceeded, the safety device will no longer function as intended.

It is advised to install a water reducer prior to the check valve in the event that there is a consistent drop in water supply pressure.

Design features

The purpose and attachment method of the valves vary from one another, but they also differ structurally. In water supply systems, check valves of the following types are most frequently utilized.

Interflange

This kind of valve’s primary benefits are its affordable price and compact size. The most sensible application of these designs in systems where spatial constraints are severe. It only takes a few minutes to install this equipment because it can be clamped between the main structural components. Installing the check valve in the proper location is the primary requirement for allowing water to flow in the desired direction.

A pressure disk, which is fixed by a spring with a certain rigidity, serves as the primary working unit of this design. The valve opens in response to flow pressure, and it automatically closes to stop the working medium from moving in the opposite direction when the physical force acting on it is reduced.

Crucial! Double-leaf mechanisms are typically used in water supply systems where water hammer is a potential risk. These mechanisms help to achieve a high level of protection. This type of system is displayed as two circles that are fixed on the same axis.

Such mechanisms are often equipped with shock-absorbing nodes to mitigate shock waves.

Petal

Such a check valve’s operating unit is a unique slamming spool with an axis situated above the passage opening. The slamming element lifts and the system fills under water pressure.

Crucial! When selecting a check valve, it is important to consider that if the main element slams when the working medium’s pressure drops, the equipment will be severely worn out. As a result, choosing equipment with a shock-absorbing system is preferable.

The ability to be used in the design of pipelines with a large diameter is the primary benefit of these check valves.

Lifting

The lifting spool of a lift-type check valve is movable, both up and down. This system lowers into the seating area and shuts off the water supply system entirely when the working medium’s pressure drops. This kind of unit is installed so that its axis is strictly vertical on the horizontal portion of the pipeline.

Crucial! This system’s primary benefit is that individual parts can be replaced without having to replace the entire assembly.

Operating principle

An essential component of any plumbing system is a water check valve. Experts identify several points at which using the device becomes essential:

1. In the apartment of a multi-storey building, the supply of hot and cold water is separate from each other. Every water flow has its own riser. As a rule, the water pressure in them does not coincide. When a person opens the faucet, hot and cold water starts flowing in. Due to the difference in the pressure level in the pipes, there is an uneven distribution of water supply to the tap. Those streams that come in with higher pressure are the first to flow. They are the ones that cause the pressure in the mains to increase. Water streams with lower pressure can have a backflow into the pipe and riser. Many people are familiar with the situation when hot water comes from the cold water tap. To correct such a mishap, a check valve for water is used.
2. When installing a storage heater (boiler), the installation of a check valve on the cold water inlet is mandatory. The peculiarity of the operation of boilers is that they are filled only by the pressure of cold water. In the process of heating, the pressure inside the vessel increases, and hot water tends to exit into the cold water mains. The installation of a check valve eliminates this situation.
3. In private modern houses, the heating system consists of several circuits. Each has a different temperature of the heating medium. For example, the building has one circuit for the operation of the boiler, and the second circuit is intended for the heating system, the third circuit is for underfloor heating. Each circuit has its own resistance, so they are equipped with pumps of different characteristics. In order to prevent the situation when the pump provokes a reverse movement of the coolant with a smaller pump in the circuit, a check valve is used.
4. Pumps for water wells must be equipped with a check valve as a matter of course. Taking into account that the pump can be located at a depth of tens of meters, in the case of disconnection of the unit, the water will necessarily rush back from the water mains. This situation cannot be allowed to happen, the pump hose will not save the pump in this case.
5. Connecting the heater to the main lines feeding the house, experts recommend installing a check valve on the heating main before entering the system. This guarantees the correct direction of the heating medium.

Valve application

The check valve’s surface should indicate which direction the water will flow because it is necessary for the liquid to flow in a specific direction.

There are numerous circumstances in which this device’s purpose is crucial. In buildings with multiple stories and numerous apartments, there is a separate water supply.

Liquids that are hot or cold pass through separate risers. The liquid pressure can vary and even change multiple times in different pipes.

Applying a check valve.

Mixture of hot and cold liquids occurs when the faucet is opened. Less pressure will be used to squeeze the water back into the main pipeline by that one, whose pressure will be higher. Backflow will occur from this, and it might not even happen in your riser pipe.

Installing a back pressure valve will stop this from happening. It ought to be installed following water meters, which are a need for resource-supplying organizations.

Installing these valves is also required for different types of heating storage devices (boilers, water heaters, etc.). It ought to be mounted on the pipe segment that supplies the cold liquid.

This is because the cold water in the tank of these water heaters is filled with hot water, which heats up and increases pressure. The heated water will therefore have a tendency to return to the pipe due to the increased pressure. In this instance, will stop this from occurring.

Using these shut-off valves is convenient for private homes with independent heating systems since the heating supply can be split into several circuits (underfloor heating, boiler system, and radiators), each of which will have its own internal pressure. The valve will prevent liquid from flowing in the other direction and will prevent hydraulic impact on pipe walls from occurring.

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Design	A check valve is typically a mechanical valve designed to allow fluid or gas to flow in one direction only. It usually consists of a flap or a disc that opens when the fluid or gas flows in the correct direction and closes to prevent backflow.
Purpose	The main purpose of a check valve is to prevent reverse flow, ensuring that fluids or gases move in the intended direction and preventing damage to equipment or contamination of systems. It"s commonly used in various applications such as plumbing systems, heating systems, and industrial processes.

In order to ensure smooth operation and guard against potential damage, check valves are essential components of our homes’ insulation and heating systems. These valves are straightforward but efficient devices that let gases or liquids flow in one direction while blocking backflow in the other.

One of a check valve’s main functions is to keep the fluid flow from reversing, which preserves system efficiency. Check valves, for example, aid in ensuring that steam or hot water flows in the intended direction in heating systems, maximizing energy efficiency and heat distribution. These valves reduce the possibility of backflow, which improves the system’s overall performance and dependability.

Check valves are also necessary for shielding components and equipment from backflow-related damage. The reversal of fluid or gas flow without a check valve can cause pressure changes and possibly damage pumps, boilers, and other system components. Through the strategic installation of check valves within the system, homeowners can protect their investment and increase the equipment’s lifespan.

Additionally, because check valves reduce the need for manual intervention, they provide homeowners with convenience and peace of mind. These valves function automatically once they are installed, enabling smooth operation without the need for ongoing monitoring or modification. This laissez-faire attitude improves the overall user experience while also making maintenance easier.

To sum up, check valves are essential parts of insulation and heating systems because they control fluid flow, safeguard machinery, and simplify operations. Homeowners can ensure efficiency, dependability, and peace of mind for years to come by integrating check valves into their systems with knowledge of their design and function.