The heating system is essential to maintaining the warmth and comfort of our homes. The closed heating system with natural circulation is a dependable and effective choice among the different kinds of heating systems. Natural circulation systems use the principle of convection to distribute heat throughout the house, as opposed to forced circulation systems, which depend on pumps to move the heated water.
Warmth is distributed throughout the rooms in a closed heating system with natural circulation by means of radiators or underfloor pipes. This system is more ecologically friendly and energy-efficient because it does not have a pump. This system’s lack of reliance on electricity makes it especially useful in locations where the power supply may be erratic.
The boiler, which heats the water, is the central component of this heating system. Because heated water has a lower density than cold water, it rises naturally and returns to the boiler to be reheated. Warm water is constantly flowing through the system as a result of this process. The cycle is completed when the cooled water returns to the boiler to be heated once more.
The simplicity of a closed heating system with natural circulation is one of its main benefits. Since there are fewer moving parts than in pump-based systems, there is a decreased chance of a mechanical failure, which eventually translates into lower maintenance costs. Moreover, since there are no energy expenses involved due to the lack of a pump, it is a cost-effective option for heating your house.
Furthermore, in comparison to certain forced circulation systems, this system offers a more uniform distribution of heat. Warm water circulates gently through the pipes due to natural convection, guaranteeing that every room has a constant temperature. This eliminates temperature fluctuations and improves comfort while also helping to reduce energy consumption.
Making educated decisions about their heating needs can be facilitated by having a thorough understanding of how a closed heating system with natural circulation operates. This system provides an effective, economical, and dependable way to keep your house warm and cozy throughout the coldest months of the year by utilizing convection.
- Principle of operation
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Closed heating system – a convenient option for a private house
- Elements of the heating circuit
- Principle of operation
- Design features of a closed heating system
- Advantages and disadvantages of a closed heating system
- Advantages of a closed heating system
- Disadvantages of a closed heating system
- Converting an open system with natural circulation into a closed
- Installation of the heating system
- Independent development and installation of a heating system of a private house with natural circulation
- The principle of heating with natural circulation
- Heating schemes with natural circulation
- One -pipe system
- Two -pipe system
- Calculation of heating power with natural circulation
- Rules for compiling a heating scheme with natural circulation
- Video on the topic
- Closed heating system with natural circulation!
Principle of operation
You must comprehend the complexities of a closed heating system’s operation in order to comprehend what one is. After reaching a certain temperature, the liquid coolant moves through pipes and radiators to heat the space and transfer energy. The volume and state of the liquid determine the microclimate within a private residence. The number and temperature indicate how comfortable the rooms are to be in.
The expansion tank of the heating system, which has two chambers divided by a partition, receives the extra water volume when the valve is opened. One compartment is used to hold a liquid reserve, and the other holds nitrogen that is under pressure. This plan aids in keeping the pressure constant. The carrier comes back forcibly carrying a chilled pump. A pipe with a valve is installed to drain water at the lowest point.
Air may enter the forced-air heating system during filling and the subsequent water set, regardless of how well it is isolated. Joints are currently experiencing a depressurization. Use the Maevsky cranes and standard bubbles to eliminate bubbles. The installation of separators in a pipeline ensures that all elements operate steadily and with deaeration.
Advantages and disadvantages
There are advantages and disadvantages to the closed heating system.
1. Installation is completed far more quickly than open-type opening.
2. Tanks with membranes and non-pressure prevent liquids from vanishing.
3. The efficacy of the pipes is maintained even with small diameters.
4. Protection against corrosion is implied by the inability of oxygen to enter.
5. Water or antifreeze are used as carriers in the heating system.
6. It is possible to put an expansion tank next to the boiler.
7. Stable heating is provided by a high degree of heat transfer.
The following elements are listed as drawbacks:
- The use of the pump implies dependence on electricity.
- For a closed type, a large volume tank is required.
- Without automation, it is difficult to adjust the temperature and pressure enough.
- If you plan to use it forcibly, installation of the pump is required.
The primary subtleties of launch and settings
The connection of the heating system is to install the boiler in the ventilated room. At the output, a safety unit with a pressure gauge, air vent and pressure discharge valve is mounted at the exit. Next, connect a circulation pump with a capacity of about 40 liters per minute for a house with an area of 200 m 2. The podium for equipment is faced with non -combustible material containing asbestos. An expansion tank is mounted nearby. In accordance with the wiring scheme, through the openings for pipes are made and the locking equipment is installed.
Plumbing: With this nozzle on the crane, you can save up to 50% on water bills.
Filling out the system is required at the next step. Make sure the coolant quality satisfies the necessary standards before proceeding. It is preferable to do a preliminary cleaning and to prepare the antifreeze beforehand. It’s crucial to remember to clean the pipeline and remove scale and dirt from radiators.
Verify the state of the Maevsky drain and crane valves, which need to be completely closed, before downloading the carrier to heat a private residence. In order to remove air evenly, water is supplied under a slight pressure. Radiators lose oxygen during the process. You must proceed to raise the pressure as soon as the carrier is terminated, keeping an eye on the pressure gauge’s indicators. Using Maevsky cranes, the air is drawn in at two atmospheres, at which point the injection starts again. Liquid must be downloaded up until the point at which it overflows.
In the absence of a centralized supply, fill out equipment with a boiler and pump in this manner: the discharge hose is connected to the drain pipe to create a straight line from the well to the valve. You can get the necessary amount of liquid by opening all of the taps for air output.
You will need to fill the heating circuit through the 20-meter-high hose if there is no pump provided. A 1.5 atmosphere water pressure is aided by this technique. To make a funnel for the pipeline, remove the threaded connection that holds the expansion tank. Once the download is complete, it is put back where it was. It is vital to keep an eye on the pressure gauge throughout the procedure.
The equipment is included at the end of the work to determine whether the filling was made correctly and the pressure was chosen. If a mistake was made, the water will flow out of the tank, the radiators will stay cold, and the batteries will make their distinctive tapping and gurgling noises.
A private home of this type uses forced or natural circulation in addition to vertical highway wiring for its heating system. Acquiring the ideal temperature regime within the premises requires proper equipment setup and launch, media preparation, and proper media pumping. The system will run continuously and the radiators will warm up instantly because of the well-done work.
Written by Sergey Isaev
Closed heating system – a convenient option for a private house
Any hydraulic heating system consists of a series of heating components connected in a specific order by a pipeline. The coolant expands (changes in volume) when heated. This process is compensated for by a forced-circulation closed heating system because of the expansion tank.
Heating systems are classified as either open or closed depending on whether a tank is reported with external atmospheric air.
Diagram of a closed heating system
Utilizing the pump, the coolant circulation is accomplished. The more effective heating of the premises is made possible by the pump’s integration into the hydraulic scheme. With a forced circulation system, you can incorporate extra heating elements (like the "warm floor" system) into the plan.
The inclusion of a pump in the circuit increases the dependency of heating on the power supply while also improving the efficiency of coolant circulation.
Installing this pump on a reverse trunk in front of the boiler is how such a scheme is put into practice. There is also an expansion tank installed for closed-type heating.
With no need to measure the slope angle, insulate the pipeline, or install larger-diameter pipes on the main risers (highways)—all of which are not always aesthetically pleasing in the living room—it is evident that such an arrangement makes the installation process itself easier.
A picture of closed tanks
The coolant doesn’t evaporate thanks to the closed-type heating system. This eliminates the requirement for continuous systemic level control.
You can adjust the heating in each room and warm up faster thanks to the forced circulation of the coolant. When the temperature drops below the predetermined level, the room can be efficiently heated if the chain includes an indoor thermostat.
Elements of the heating circuit
The following components are part of the closed heating scheme:
- boiler for heating a private house (any type – gas. solid fuel, etc.P.);
- membrane expansion hermetic tank;
- circulation pump;
- radiators and heating batteries;
- pipes for risers, eyeliners and jumpers;
- fittings (adapters for pipes);
- taps (cork and ball) and valves (Maevsky systems);
- filters (mainly to maintain the operability of the boiler);
- fasteners (clamps, etc.).
Principle of operation
- Coolant (water or antifreeze) heats up in the heating boiler. With an increase in the temperature of the medium, the volume increases.
Excessive Excessor passes into an expansion tank, which in its appearance resembles a capsule divided into two compartments.
One department is a hydraulic chamber where a liquid coolant enters when heated. The second compartment is a gas chamber that is filled with nitrogen under a certain pressure;
The operation of the expansion membrane tank
- Prior to heating, a pressure equal to hydrostatic pressure in the circuit is set in the tank. When the coolant is heated, it enters the expansion tank through the valve.
Due to this, the pressure is aligned inside the system (since the volume of the gas chamber decreases and the gas pressure increases). From the expansion tank, the coolant is returned to the system with the same circulation pump.
Design features of a closed heating system
A closed type heating circuit with forced circulation has a few features. A heating boiler, expansion tank, and circulation pump can all be installed in the same space.
Numerous benefits result from this, including a reduction in the overall length of the pipelines, the requirement to install large diameter pipes, and adherence to the inclination angles during installation.
An overview of the boiler room
This kind of expansion tank’s hermetic construction keeps pipeline piping and coolant evaporation from occurring in the system.
Crucial! On a reverse trunk, an expanded BAC of the membrane type and a circulation pump are required. If a liquid with a lower temperature flows through POWN, it can function for an extended period of time.
Because an open variety heating scheme has limited dimensions, it can only be utilized in nearby small rooms. Such limitations do not apply to closed-type heating.
Advantages and disadvantages of a closed heating system
There are advantages and disadvantages to a sealed heating system with forced circulation of a closed heating type. Despite some drawbacks, her advantages outweigh the drawbacks and should be carefully evaluated.
Advantages of a closed heating system
- Large heat transfer;
- Lack of evaporation of the coolant;
- The possibility of using smaller diameter pipes;
- The life of the boiler is higher by reducing the temperature difference at the entrance and output;
- Reduction of corrosion due to tightness;
- The possibility of using antifreeze as a coolant.
Disadvantages of a closed heating system
- Energy dependence (power supply for a circulation pump for heating is required);
- The volume of the expansion tank should be much larger, it is natural that it is somewhat more expensive.
Converting an open system with natural circulation into a closed
An alternative method of setting up a heating system without a circulation pump is a closed heating system with natural circulation. Although this kind of heating organization is incredibly uncommon in reality, its effectiveness is undeniable.
Usually, it isn’t intended to be this way at first, but if you replace it with a standard expansion tank and add a membrane, it becomes a closed system with natural circulation instead of an open system.
While it is true that such a system can be planned, designed, and assembled beforehand, many of the clear benefits of closed systems are also lost. For instance, you must precisely measure the riser and highway diameters, install the pipes beneath the slope, and watch out for the formation of air traffic jams.
In a closed heating system, the benefit of natural circulation is its autonomy from the power source.
What is the questionable benefit of particular drawbacks worth? It is improbable that anyone would think to construct housing with water heating but no electricity. An average conventional pump costs approximately $100. Simultaneously, he consumes electricity equivalent to a 40–60 watt incandescent table lamp bulb.
In the video, you can see how to say it correctly:
Installation of the heating system
Selecting an appropriate boiler based on two factors—its type and power—is the first step in installing a closed heating system. Solid fuel boilers have been more and more common lately. They are less expensive in operation even though they are bulkier. The boiler’s power is dependent on numerous factors.
Crucial! How is power calculated? According to the calculation instructions, one kilowatt-hour of heating boiler power is needed for every 10 square meters of average insulation in a two-story private home with ceilings up to three meters high. Experience indicates that a boiler of this kind costs approximately $1,000.
The kind of heating device—radiators or heated batteries—is chosen in accordance with the resources at hand. The general characteristics of all types of radiators are similar, as is the degree of variation in their service life. The cost of steel radiators for a home like this will likewise be roughly $1,000.
- pipes – 500;
- pump – 100;
- tank – 50;
- fittings, taps, filters – 500;
- Project and installation – another 1,000.
The device for a closed heating system in a private home will cost, all told, approximately 4,150 US dollars ($1,000 + $1,000 + 500 + 100 + 50 + 500 + 1000).
Where the building’s heating equipment is located
Thus, the pipes were completed and the equipment was installed. Water with a closed heating system can be added.
Given the pros and cons that have a closed heating system with natural circulation, and approximately estimating the cost of arranging the system with forced circulation, we can conclude that there is no fundamental difference between such systems. The only thing that can be said, a system with forced circulation is more profitable in terms of installation and equipment in it work longer.
Independent development and installation of a heating system of a private house with natural circulation
The easiest and most expensive way to heat a house is to plan and install heating with natural circulation. But, in order to carry out such a project in practice, you must be familiar with all the subtleties and component selection guidelines. Thus, it is important to accurately calculate and plan the installation of a private home’s heating system with natural circulation.
The principle of heating with natural circulation
Any water heating system needs to have the coolant moving through the pipes in order for it to function. Hot water that has been heated in the boiler should reach the batteries and radiators to distribute heat throughout the house. There is no exception with the natural circulation water heating system.
System of natural circulation for heating
The difference in density between the heated and normal states is what causes the coolant to move. There is a rise in water temperature and a subsequent drop in density when the running boiler enters the heat exchanger. The cold coolant displaces the heated because its specific mass is higher. This leads to the formation of mass movement.
Prior to conducting manual water heating with natural circulation, it is advisable that you thoroughly acquaint yourself with the operational details and technical characteristics.
- High degree of reliability. The absence of moving elements (impeller of the circulation pump) and pressure equal to atmospheric ensure the long -term operation of the natural heating system of a private house;
- The inertia of the system. Natural circulation in a closed heating system is ensured by a small pressure difference. Therefore, the speed of receiving hot water to the radiators will be minimal;
- Mandatory compliance with the slope of the highways. For normal operation, the slope of the heating system with natural circulation must correspond to the calculated data. The pipes are mounted with a slope from the boiler, and for the reverse line – to the boiler. This ensures the optimal operation of the system.
It should be mentioned that for circuits with pipeline lengths of no more than 30 m.P., installing a heating system with natural circulation is advised. If not, the large amount of cooled coolant will cause it to slow down considerably.
A gas, solid fuel, or electric boiler may be installed as part of a two-story building with natural circulation’s traditional heating scheme. It is crucial that their design include a mechanism to prevent overheating in the event that the coolant moves in the opposite direction or air plugs appear.
Heating schemes with natural circulation
Priority one should be given to selecting the proper layout for the pipelines, radiators, and boiler. Since heating with natural circulation can only be achieved in accordance with a pre-drawn plan, this stage of the process requires the utmost care.
The apartment has natural ventilation and heating.
The first step involves doing a preliminary analysis of the room (or house), where the heating system is supposed to be installed. It considers the living space, the external walls’ level of thermal insulation, and the kind of boiler used to heat the water. There are numerous methods available today for creating natural circulation heating with your hands. The most well-liked ones are:
- One -pipe. The best option for small houses and apartments;
- Two -pipe. It is selected to ensure air heating in houses with middle and large area, two -story buildings.
However, one should keep in mind the two primary limitations: the minimum number of rotary nodes and the entire length of the highway, given the principle of the heating system’s operation with natural circulation. As a result, the collector or trigeminal wiring of pipes cannot be done using this scheme. The coolant’s speed will be adversely affected by excessive hydraulic losses.
It is important to keep in mind that only water can be used in heating systems with natural circulation when performing calculations. Because antifreeze is excessively dense, it cannot maintain the right pressure in pipelines.
One -pipe system
When determining the heating system with natural circulation for small country and country houses, the project’s overall cost is considered in addition to technical (operational) features. The end product ought to be a reasonably priced and dependable heat supply service system. As a result, a single-pipe heating system with natural circulation is typically installed in these homes.
A single-pipe heating setup
One highway is one of this system’s features. It has batteries and radiators connected to it in parallel to create a single shape. The simplicity of installation, low material consumption, and minimal number of components characterize a single-pipe heating system with natural circulation. But keep in mind that because heat is transferred to each radiator in the chain sequentially, the coolant in this system cools at a sufficient rate.
In order to maximize the thermal regime within a private home’s natural heating system, the following elements must be included:
- Bypass in the strapping of each radiator. It will make it possible to limit the flow of coolant into the battery, without changing the parameters of the entire system. With its help, you can completely turn off the heating device for replacement or repair, without stopping the operation of heat supply;
- Thermal controllers on batteries. They are mounted in a heating system with natural circulation paired with bypass. The automatic thermal element will change the cross section of the passage diameter of the radiator pipe, thereby adjusting the degree of heating of the device;
- Maevsky crane. Mandatory component in radiator strapping. Since calculating the heating system with natural circulation is not always accurate – you should think over the system for removing air. It is for this that the crane of Mayevsky is intended.
A small occupied area is another benefit of a single-pipe heat supply system with natural circulation. There are two methods for installing a highway: open and closed. Ensuring the radiators are connected to it is the only thing that matters.
The boiler and radiators can be placed on the same level in a water heating system with natural circulation and a single pipeline; this is not permitted in other schemes.
Two -pipe system
The only way to provide medium-sized and larger homes with stable heating is to separate the hot and cold water flows. A two-pipe heating system with natural circulation will be the most advantageous choice in this situation.
The boiler installation needs to be placed below the level of the radiators in order for the system to function normally. In a closed heating system, this is required to generate the pressure of cooled water and promote natural circulation. You must build an accelerated riser for improved pressure right after the boiler. At its tallest point, an expansion tank is mounted. Radiators are connected to a spitting pipe that is installed from it beneath an incline.
A properly designed and installed two-pipe natural circulation heating system can function even with a minimum temperature differential between the heated and cooled coolant. In order to carry out the project, the following details need to be considered:
- The location of the boiler water heating with natural circulation with your own hands. Most often it is in a basement or basement. It needs to ensure a normal temperature regime, ventilation and natural light;
- Control pipe on the expansion tank. Even if you correctly calculate the heating system with natural circulation, there will still be the likelihood of a critical decrease in the volume of water. Using the control pipe, you can track this indicator;
- Modeling and draining units. They are at the lowest point – on the reverse pipe. In order to correctly make heating with natural circulation, it is necessary to provide in advance methods of automatic (semi -automatic) replenishment of the system, as well as operational drainage of water.
New materials have made it possible for you to easily construct a two-pipe heating system with natural circulation using steel or polymer pipes. It all depends on the available funds as well as the availability of the right equipment and supplies.
In a natural circulation two-pipe heating system, bypass installation is not necessary. The installation of shut-off valves is merely necessary in case the device needs to be disconnected from the main highway.
Calculation of heating power with natural circulation
It is advised to use specialized programs to calculate the primary heat supply parameters. You can determine the heating system with natural circulation as precisely as possible with their assistance. However, there are simpler alternatives that are used if this isn’t feasible.
Program for heating
The simplest method is to use the ratio of 1 kW of thermal energy per 10 m² of area to determine the boiler’s needed power. In this instance, the coefficient—which is based on the local climate—must be multiplied by the result.
The table provides its values for the heat supply water system with natural circulation. These coefficients are suggestions; alternative values may be used, contingent on the particulars of the dwelling. However, this approach will ascertain the general specifications of the heating system. As such, its implementation is a necessary step in the heat supply design process.
However, the quantity and type of windows and door structures, as well as the building’s level of thermal insulation, are not taken into consideration. As a result, it is recommended to compute the heat supply system with natural circulation using a different methodology. Phases of computation:
- 1 m³ of a residential building will require 400 watts of heat. Multiplying power by the volume of the building, we get the initial value of thermal energy.
- To compensate thermal losses through the windows, the number of structures is multiplied by 100 watts. The same technique is used for external doors, but with compensation of 200 W for each.
- If the room has an external wall, then for normal operation the natural heat supply system of a private house, the result is multiplied by a correction factor of 1.2.
- For private houses, thermal losses through the roof and gender are taken into account using the coefficient of 1.5.
It should be remembered that even with this computation, accuracy will be limited. It is advised to consult experts for an accurate calculation of the primary system characteristics when planning the installation of a heat supply with natural circulation on your own for a large house.
Good thermal insulation of the outside walls, ceiling, and roof is required to reduce heat losses in the building. With natural circulation that you create yourself, this will lower the current water heating expenses.
Rules for compiling a heating scheme with natural circulation
You can begin configuration once you understand the fundamentals of how a heat supply system with natural circulation operates and have selected the best plan. Since the components’ technical specifications will determine how far heating operations can go, this step is just as crucial as the others.
Heating pipes
You must consider every feature that this system has to offer. The operation of the circulation pump compensates for hydraulic losses in forced circulation diagrams. Such a mechanism does not exist for closed heating systems with natural circulation. Consequently, consideration should be given to the following aspects of design and component selection in order to minimize losses:
- Heating pipes. Their diameter should be from DU32 to DU40. Thus, friction of water on the inner surface is compensated. It is also recommended to choose polymer products with a smooth wall. Their actual external diameter is from 40 to 50 mm;
- Medical wiring scheme. The rotary nodes must be avoided, which increase the hydraulic resistance in the system;
- The height of the acceleration riser. In the heating scheme of a two -story building with natural circulation, it should be higher than the ceiling of the second floor. The expansion tank is located in the attic;
- Characteristics of locking reinforcement. Its presence should not affect the parameters of the system.
An analogy with well-known communication vessels can be made to better understand the fundamentals of the heating scheme of a two-story building with natural circulation. Since the boiler is going to be below the radiators in this instance, the fluid flow will be directed toward it. This is the reason it needs to be installed as low down as feasible when designing a plan and installing a natural circulation heating system.
On the return pipe, a special valve is installed to stop variations in the water flow. This phenomenon may manifest during the system’s initial startup, when the coolant’s temperature differential is minimal.
| Component | Description |
| Boiler | The main heating source that heats the water in the system. |
| Radiators | Devices that transfer heat from the hot water to the rooms. |
| Pipes | Conducts hot water from the boiler to the radiators and back. |
| Expansion Tank | Allows for the expansion of water as it heats up. |
| Pump | Assists in the circulation of water throughout the system. |
There are numerous advantages to selecting a closed heating system with natural circulation for your house. It’s a great choice for keeping your home at a comfortable temperature in the winter because of its effectiveness and simplicity. You can be sure that this system will provide a dependable, economical, and eco-friendly way to heat your house.
The simplicity of a closed heating system with natural circulation is one of its main benefits. It works on the premise that hot water rises and cold water sinks, without the need for a pump. Because there are fewer parts that could go wrong thanks to this simple mechanism, maintenance expenses and hassle levels are reduced. This system’s simplicity also makes installation simpler, which will save you money and effort.
The effectiveness of a closed heating system with natural circulation is yet another important advantage. It uses less energy than other systems because it doesn’t require a pump. This efficiency helps create a more sustainable environment by lowering your carbon footprint and lowering your energy costs. This system maximizes energy efficiency and keeps your house warm without using extra energy by using the natural flow of hot water.
Furthermore, even and consistent heating is provided throughout your house by a closed heating system with natural circulation. In order to prevent cold spots and guarantee that every room reaches a comfortable temperature, the natural convection process makes sure that heat is distributed evenly. In addition to improving your comfort, this uniform heating saves energy because the system doesn’t need to be adjusted frequently to maintain a constant temperature.
In conclusion, heating your home with a closed heating system that incorporates natural circulation is a sensible, effective, and eco-friendly decision. It’s a great choice for people who want to save energy expenses while still maintaining a comfortable living space because of its ease of use, effectiveness, and even heating. By selecting this system, you’re promoting a more sustainable future in addition to guaranteeing your personal comfort.
In the world of home heating, a closed heating system with natural circulation stands out as an efficient and eco-friendly solution. Unlike traditional open systems, which rely on a header tank in the loft to feed water to the system, a closed system is sealed and pressurized. This means no risk of corrosion or contamination, making it a low-maintenance choice. Natural circulation, driven by differences in water density as it heats up and cools down, means no need for a pump, saving on energy costs and reducing the system"s environmental impact. With its simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, a closed heating system with natural circulation is a top choice for anyone looking to heat their home efficiently.
