Calculation of the heating boiler power

During the cold months, selecting the appropriate heating boiler power is crucial to maintaining a warm and inviting home. In order to maximize efficiency and minimize costs, it is imperative to perform a proper power calculation when installing a new system or upgrading an old one.

It’s critical to comprehend the factors influencing your home’s heating requirements before beginning any calculations. The amount of heat your boiler needs to produce can vary depending on a number of factors, including the size of your home, the insulation levels inside, the local climate, and even the room layout.

The thermal efficiency of the insulation in your house is an important factor to take into account when calculating boiler power. Better heat retention means that well-insulated homes use less energy to keep the temperature at a comfortable level. On the other hand, homes with inadequate insulation might require a stronger boiler to make up for heat loss.

The climate has a big impact on how much heating is needed as well. In general, warmer climates use more energy for heating than do milder ones. Knowing the weather in your area will help you determine how much heat your house will require to stay warm.

You can start figuring out the heating boiler power once you have a clear understanding of the insulation and climate factors in your house. This entails examining elements like each room’s dimensions, the kind and quantity of windows, the materials used for insulation, and any additional sources of heat gain or loss.

Calculation of power practical examples

Three factors are the main determinants of the power indicator:

1. The area of the house.
2. Features of the climate of the region.
3. Thermal insulation, wall material.

House area per 100 m2, 150 m2, 200 m2

Assuming that we are discussing a standard-quality private home with thermal insulation installed in compliance with building codes, the ratio of one kilowatt of power per ten square meters of the house is appropriately set. The formula works well in situations where multiple requirements are satisfied simultaneously:

• The house has normal thermal insulation of walls, floor, ceiling;
• The ceiling height is standard (up to 330-350 cm);
• Double double -glazed windows (euro -walls) are installed on the windows;
• The number of windows is standard, their dimensions are typical;
• at least 2 doors at the entrance with an unheated or partially heated hallway (senies);
• Region with normal climatic features, moderately frosty winter (average January temperature is -13OS).

The climate of the region and the correction coefficient

Even though 1 kW is needed for an average of 10 m2, you must enter the correct climate coefficient:

• 0.8 for the southern regions;
• 1.2 for the middle strip;
• 1.5 for Moscow Region and North-West;
• 1.8 for Western Siberia and the Far East;
• 2.0 for Eastern Siberia;
• more than 2.0 – for some regions with a particularly harsh climate (Yamalo -Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha, the Chukotsk AO, etc.).

The gas boiler’s general power formula, then, is as follows:

Where k is the region’s climate coefficient and s is the house’s area in square meters.

• For the regions of Western Siberia, an indicator for 100 kV. m. houses: 100*1.8/10 = 18 kW,
• For the middle strip, an indicator per 100 kV. m. houses: 100*1.2/10 = 12 kW.

This is a basic ratio formula (for a typical house). You can use it to determine the device’s power for any area, such as 150 m2, 200 m2, etc. The table provides an example of a calculation for various building sizes (as long as the building is located within the Moscow Region’s climate zone).

Area, m2	50	75	100	125	150	175	200	225	250
power, kWt	7.5	12	15	19	22	26	thirty	33	37

The degree of thermal insulation of the house

In cases where the building exhibits significant wear and the thermal insulation of the house falls short of construction standards, experts advise augmenting the estimated value by an additional 15-20%. Then, 20 kW of power is sufficient for Western Siberia, and roughly 14 kW for the middle strip.

The table shows the precise power to thermal insulation ratio for the building.

The degree of thermal insulation	coefficient
Without thermal insulation	3-4
with low thermal insulation (single masonry of brick, old roof, ordinary windows)	2-3
average level (double brickwork, old roof, ordinary windows)	1-2
good thermal insulation (euro -water, insulated floors, double wall laying)	0.6-0.9

The final answer is the result; multiply this coefficient by the value that is obtained.

The 150 m2 private home is situated in the Vologda region in the northwest and has a medium insulation level. The gas boiler’s power to heat the house is calculated as follows: 150 * 1.5 * 2 /10 = 45 kW.

Typical errors when choosing a boiler

Accurately estimating the gas boiler’s power will boost the device’s efficiency while also reducing the need for consumables. When an equipment’s heat transfer exceeds the actual amount of heat required, it will operate inefficiently because it lacks the power to adequately heat the space.

The gas supply is independently regulated by contemporary automated equipment, removing unnecessary costs. However, if a boiler operates at its maximum capacity, condensation forms, parts wear out more quickly, and the boiler’s operating parameters are shortened. As a result, optimal power calculations are required.

Prerequisites for setting up a gas boiler

Pipeline suburbs near equipment

The room’s internal gas pipeline

Dimensions and type of construction

Limitations on wall-mounted power options

The floor boiler in a big home

Using a boiler to heat water

The amount of floor gas boilers

There is a belief that the boiler’s power is entirely dependent on the room’s surface area, with any home needing to account for 100 watts per square meter. Thus,inordertoselecttheboiler’spower,say,ata100kVhouse,apparatusgenerating100*10=10,000watts,or10kW,willbeneeded.

These calculations are essentially off in light of the introduction of new finishing materials and enhanced insulation, which lessen the requirement for the purchase of high-power machinery.

The unique features of the house are taken into consideration when choosing the gas boiler’s power. Properly chosen machinery will operate with maximum efficiency and minimum fuel expenses.

There are two ways to determine the gas heating gas boiler’s power: manually or with the help of a specialized ValTec program made for highly accurate professional calculations.

The room’s heat loss directly affects the equipment’s needed capacity. You can figure out the power of a gas boiler or any other heating appliance once you understand the heating ground.

Calculation of the boiler power by area

It is extremely basic, as it stipulates that 100 watts of heat must be produced for every square meter to be heated. It’s true that the formula appears more complicated:

Where S represents the house’s area.

The coefficient k is used to calculate heat loss. based on how warm it is outside the window. It is 0.7 for areas where the wintertime air temperature does not drop below -10 °C. It is evident that outside the window, it grows as the temperature drops. It increases by more than 0.2 for every 5 °C. K is 1.2 for areas where thermometer readings indicate -35 °C in the winter.

In order to heat a 115 square meter house in an area where the minimum winter temperature is -20 °C, you will need to install a cost-effective electric boiler with a power output of 115 * 1.1 * 100 = 12 650 W = 12.65 kW.

Although this calculation is very straightforward, it is not always accurate. It’s because a variety of factors influence heat loss. He is reasonable in this instance for the home that has:

• windows with a double -glazed window and an area of not more than 30% of the area of all rooms;
• average thermal insulation (wall thickness is 2 bricks length, a heater with a thickness of 15 cm);
• cold attic;
• rooms whose height is 2.5 m.

Here, the external walls are not considered. This is because the corrective coefficient ought to be 1.1 even with just one of these walls. It is 1.2 for two walls, 1.3 for three, etc. D.

That is, you need to use a cost-effective heating boiler with a power of 12.65*1.4 = 17.71 kW/h to heat the aforementioned house. It is obvious that using a device with a 20 kW/hour output is preferable.

Basic calculation rules

We’ll start our discussion on how to figure out the heating boiler’s power by taking a look at the numbers that were used:

• room area (s);
• The specific power of the heater for 10 m² of heated area is (W u.). This value is determined with the correction to the climatic conditions of the individual region.

This amount (W u.) consists of:

• for the Moscow region – from 1.2 kW to 1.5 kW;
• for the southern regions of the country – from 0.7 kW to 0.9 kW;
• for the northern regions of the country – from 1.5 kW to 2.0 kW.

The power is computed in the following manner:

W cat. = (S*WUD.): 10

Counseling! You can use a simplified version of this calculation for ease of use. WUD, that is.= 1. As a result, the boiler’s heat transfer is 10 kW per 100 m² of heated area. However, in order to obtain a more objective figure with such calculations, the value obtained must be added by at least 15%.

An illustration of a computation

As you can see, there are easy steps involved in determining the intensity of heat transfer. Nevertheless, we will provide a specific example to go along with it.

The following requirements will apply. The house’s heated portion is 100 square meters. The Moscow region has a specific capacity of 1.2 kW. We obtain the following by changing the formula’s current values:

W boiler is equal to (100×1.2)/10, or 12 kW.

What is the heat loss of the room

There is some heat loss in every room. The purpose of the gas boiler is to balance out the amount of heat output and maintain a specific temperature in the room because heat escapes through the walls, windows, floors, doors, and ceiling. It takes some thermal power to do this.

The greatest amount of heat—up to 70%—was found to pass through walls through experimentation. Through the windows and roof, up to 30% of thermal energy can escape, and through the ventilation system, up to 40%. Minimal heat loss occurs at the floor (up to 15%) and door (up to 6%).

The house’s heat loss is influenced by the following elements.

• The location of the house. Each city has its own climatic features. In calculations, heat loss must be taken into account the critical negative temperature characteristic of the region, as well as the average temperature and duration of the heating season (for accurate calculations using the program).
• The location of the walls relative to the cardinal points. It is known that in the north side there is a rose of winds, so the heat loss of the wall located in this area will be the greatest. In winter, from the western, northern and eastern side, a cold wind blows with great power, so the heat loss of these walls will be higher.
• The area of the heated room. The number of outgoing heat depends on the size of the room, the area of walls, ceilings, windows, doors.
• Heat equipment of building structures. Any material has its own heat resistance coefficient and heat transfer coefficient – the ability to pass a certain amount of heat through itself. To recognize them, you need to use the tabular data, as well as apply certain formulas. Information about the composition of walls, ceilings, floors, their thickness can be found in technical housing.
• Window and doorways. Size, modification of the door and double -glazed windows. The larger the area of window and doorways, the higher the heat loss. It is important to consider the characteristics of the installed doors and double -glazed windows in calculations.
• Ventilation accounting. Ventilation always exists in the house regardless of the presence of an artificial hood. The room is ventilated through the open windows, the air movement is created when closing and opening the entrance doors, walking people from the room to the room, which contributes to the departure of warm air from the room, its circulation.

With the above parameters, you can find areas that require more insulation in addition to calculating the house’s thermal losses and figuring out the boiler’s power.

How to choose the power of a gas boiler

• Accurate heat engineering calculations are performed only after the audit of the building for possible heat loss. For research, use thermal imager. The location of the heated building is taken into account. Calculations are performed according to complex heat engineering formulas.
• Minus of the solution – costs for paying for specialist services.
• The advantage is the most accurate calculation results.
• Online – calculator – calculations are performed through a special program. To obtain results, it will be necessary to enter data on thermal insulation, the total number of window and doorways, wall thicknesses, etc.P.Using online calculator, optimal solution for the calculations of boiler equipment for household needs. With its help, a heat generator is selected with the lowest error in performance, without material costs.
• Independent calculations for square meters of heated room. To calculate the working parameters, it is not necessary to use complex calculations and online calculators.Calculate the ratio of the necessary power of the gas boiler, regarding the area of the room, you can yourself without resorting to the services of specialists, without software. Calculations are performed according to the formula 1 kW = 10 m². The selection of a gas boiler using calculation data is suitable for rooms with an average degree of thermal insulation, ceilings height of 2.7 m.

The majority of consultants who sell heating equipment determine the required performance on their own using the formula 1 kW = 10 m². The amount of coolant in the heating system is used for additional computations.

Calculation of a single -circuit heating boiler

• For 60 m² – the need for 6 kW + 20% = 7.5 kilowatts will be able to satisfy the need for heat. If there is no model with a suitable model of performance, preference is given to heating equipment with a large power value.
• Similarly, calculations for 100 m² are performed – the necessary power of the boiler equipment, 12 kW.
• For heating 150 m², you need a gas boiler with a capacity of 15 kW + 20% (3 kilowatts) = 18 kW. Respectively, for 200 m², a boiler is required for 22 kW.

How to calculate the power of a double -circuit boiler

Calculation of the power of an indirect heating boiler and a single -circuit boiler

• Determine what volume of the boiler will be sufficient to ensure the needs of the residents of the house.
• In the technical documentation for the accumulative capacity, the necessary productivity of the boiler equipment is indicated in order to maintain hot water heating, without taking into account the necessary heat for heating. A boiler of 200 liters, on average will require about 30 kW.
• The productivity of boiler equipment required for heating the house is calculated.

What power supply should a gas boiler have

• For single -circuit models, the supply is about 20%.
• For double -circuit units, 20%+20%.
• Boilers with connecting to an indirect heating boiler – in the configuration configuration, the necessary additional supply of performance is indicated.

Calculation of gas needs based on the power of the boiler

Methods for determining power

There are several ways to compute the size of these losses. Certain of them allow for the utilization of extremely intricate formulas, which naturally annoys a lot of clients. After all, calculating the desired figure takes a lot of time. Thus, two straightforward approaches will be further examined:

1. Allows determine the amount of heat loss at home, knowing only the area .
2. Allows install the thermal power of an economical electric boiler with high efficiency using the volume .

Prior to going over each technique, keep in mind that all electric boilers are not the same because they can convert 100% of electric energy into nearly 100% of thermal energy. It doesn’t matter; it heats water using electrodes or inductance coils simultaneously. Because of this feature, you can calculate the amount of heat loss at your house without having to modify it to account for the heating boiler’s efficiency.

Consider a solid fuel boiler with a 90% efficiency as a point of comparison. The heating system will only receive 3×0.9 = 2.7 kW/h if 1 kg of firewood emits 3 kW/h. Electricity will be transformed into 3 kW/h thermal energy in the case of electric devices that consume 3 kW/h. As you can see, the computation is only somewhat simplified by this feature.

Dependence of the power of electric boilers on heat loss

As we have already discovered, the estimation of the house’s electric boiler, which is based solely on the room’s square footage, does not, at least, accurately depict the situation. There is no right answer to the commonly asked question of how many meters a heater in a certain power will have. The main factor is heat loss. The house will be essentially heated, but the street will remain cold if it has unscarried walls and ceilings, cracks in the windows and doors, and panoramic windows facing every direction. No matter how much he warms up, it’s still a big deal.

Heat must be provided by the boiler or the room will lose it. Stated differently, the heater needs to be at least 15 kW if the house loses 15 kW of heat in order to keep the temperature comfortable. Simultaneously, heat losses happen all the time; the boiler turns out to have to run all the time, which is not acceptable. You need to factor in a good margin when calculating the power of an electric heating boiler because the heater needs to take breaks. If not, the unit may quickly fail while operating in an aral mode, which could have dangerous repercussions during the heating season.

It turns out that you have to figure out how much heat the room loses before you can figure out how powerful the electric boiler is. To do this, you must be aware of:

• the material of the walls and ceilings;
• the thickness and area of walls and ceilings;
• The number of cameras and the area of the windows.

To ascertain the house’s heat resistance, all of this is required. Every substance has a unique thermal conductivity. The table contains the information.

The heat conductivity of the most popular materials is shown in the table.

You must divide the thickness of walls and ceilings by the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the materials used to make them in order to determine their heat resistance. Every material is calculated independently. After that, each value is summed up.

When we learned the heat resistance of the house, you can proceed to the calculation of general heat loss. To do this, we multiply the quadrature of the house by the temperature delta in the room and outside the window, and divide the result by heat resistance. The temperature delta must be taken for the coldest period. The calculation of the power of the electric boiler for heating the house, taking into account, first of all, heat loss will be the most accurate. Therefore, do not be lazy and use this way. Yes, it is more troublesome, but you need to take into account a lot of things, but the result will be adequate, you will correctly make a calculation.

Electric garage heating is still relevant today, just as much as heating a private home with electrical appliances.

Take note! For those who lean conservatively, heating your garage with a brick stove is an option.

Calculation of power for DHW

The following order is followed in its execution:

1. The volume of warm water is determined, which is used by all family members.
2. The volume of hot water (90-95 ° C) is determined, which will dilute running water so that a fluid that has a temperature comfortable for the body is formed.
3. The additional power of the boiler is calculated.

Let’s say a family of four lives in the house and that family uses 150 liters of warm water per day, or 37 °C liquids. This water will be provided after hot and cold water have been combined. The following formula determines the volume of hot water:

• VV is the volume of popular warm water,
• TZH – the desired temperature of warm water at the exit of the crane,
• TP is the temperature of running water,
• TG – the temperature of the heated fluid in an indirect boiler.

In the previously mentioned case, VV = 150 l, TP = 8 °C, TZh = 37 °C, and TG = 95 °C. Vg equals 50 liters (150*(37-8)/(95-8)). This indicates that the house has enough boiler to hold 50 liters.

The following formula can be used to calculate additional power:

In which C, the water’s specific heat, is always equal to 4.218 kJ/kg*k.

There is a distinction in temperature between running water and heated water.

4,218*50*(95-8) = 18 348.3 kJ is the RD. This amount equals 5.1 kW/h in kW/h.

As you can see, an electric boiler with a power of 20+5.1 = 25.1 kW/hour is required to heat the house. This is presuming that the boiler’s water will warm up in an hour. If it needs to be heated more than twice, you can install a boiler, which has an hourly power of 20 + 2.55 = 22.55 kW.

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What factors should be taken into account when calculating the power of the boiler

• The first where to start the calculation is the premises of the house. It is necessary to take into account all their characteristics, including the volume and area, the materials from which the structure and the degree of its insulation have been erected.
• In addition, it is necessary to calculate the sources of the cold, which are elements of the house, and without which it cannot do – doors and windows, floor, walls and roof, ventilation system.

Potential hot spot locations in a private home

• All these structural elements or technical equipment restrain the heat in different ways, but each of them gives a certain percentage of heat loss, depending on the material of their manufacturing.
• An important role in the calculations is played by the difference in air temperatures in the rooms of the dwelling and on the street – the lower the Outside of the building, the faster the house cools down.
• The average winter temperature in the region is located where the building is located.
• If the boiler is intended not only for heating, but also for heating water – this factor must also be taken into account when calculating .

All loads that are resting on the boiler are considered during computation.

Equipped with these indicators, there are various methods by which you can compute and ascertain the heating boiler’s power.

Power of the heating boiler theory and real facts

A heating device that runs on wood, coal, or another organic fuel does a specific task involving heated coolant. The volume of thermal load that a solid fuel boiler can withstand after burning a specific quantity of fuel determines the size of the boiler equipment. The boiler’s power is determined by dividing the fuel consumption by the volume of thermal energy released during the equipment’s ideal operating modes.

If the heating unit’s power selection is off, the boiler water in the heating circuit won’t reach the required temperature. Low-power solid fuel appliances won’t enable the autonomous system to meet all of your needs, including keeping the hot water and housing heated. The autonomous device’s power will need to be increased. On the other hand, a powerful device will cause issues when it operates. To lower the heat load of the solid fuel heating device, we will need to make beneficial modifications to the current heating complex. When only heat is required, there is no reason to waste precious fuel.

As an example, when the heating system’s boiler power exceeds its technological limitations, the coolant in the circuit will impulsively diverge. Regularly turning on and off the heating unit results in fuel overuse and a reduction in the overall operational capacity of heating equipment.

Theoretically, it is not hard to determine the boiler equipment’s ideal operating mode. It is estimated that 10 kW will be sufficient to heat a 10 m2 living space. This indicator is calculated with the building’s high heat efficiency and standard structural elements (ceiling height, glazing area) in mind.

The following parameters are used to make the calculation in theory:

• the area of the heated room;
• Specific capacity of heating equipment for heating 10 kV. m, taking into account the climatic conditions of your region.

The following table displays the typical boiler equipment specifications used by Moscow area consumers:

Square of a residential building, other premises, m2	Recommended unit power, kW
60 – 200	up to 25
200 – 300	25 – 35
300 – 600	35 – 60
600 – 1200	60 – 100

In theory, thermal load parameters appear ideal, but this is obviously insufficient given the local conditions. In practice, the chosen unit needs to be overcapable. As a matter of fact, you should concentrate on purchasing equipment with a small margin of error.

Note: If a solid-fuel boiler has excessive power, it can swiftly bring the entire home’s heating system up to peak performance. There should be 20–30% more in the additional resource than in the calculation data.

The whole of a number of variables affects the actual indicators of the load on solid fuel units. While selecting a heating boiler, take into account the local climate where you reside. The following power equipment power parameters are thought to be ideal for the middle strip:

• one-room city apartment- a boiler with an output load of 4.16-5 kW;
• for a two-room apartment-equipment with a face value of 5.85-6 kW;
• A three-room apartment will be enough to have an unit 8.71-10 kW;
• A four-room apartment, a residential private house will be required for heating the installation of a boiler with parameters of 12-24 kW.

Crucial! When discussing the installation of solid fuel boiler rooms in private homes and rural residential structures, it is important to concentrate on highly technologically advanced equipment. It will be necessary to install a solid fuel boiler of 24 kW or more in order to heat and maintain the hot house of a residential building with an area of 150 m2 or more.

Everything is dependent on how strong the heating system is as well as how much hot water is needed for household purposes.

A heating technique must always be selected specifically for each application, taking into account both the needs and the calculated data.

Calculation of the boiler power by area

This makes selecting a heating boiler based on power the simplest. After examining a number of pre-made calculations, an average result was shown: 10 square meters need 1 kW of heat to be heated. For rooms with medium insulation levels and ceiling heights of 2.5–2.7 m, this pattern is reasonable. If these conditions apply to your home or apartment, you can quickly estimate the boiler’s performance based on its area and size.

The house’s heat moves in various directions.

We provide an example of calculating a heating boiler’s power by area to help make things more understandable. A 12-by-14-meter, one-story home is present. We locate its area. Multiply its length and width to get the following: 12 m * 14 m = 168 kV.m. The necessary number of kilowatts is obtained by dividing the area by 10 according to the methodology: 16.8 kW is equal to 168/10. The amount, which can be rounded for convenience of use, is 17 kW, the necessary power for the heating boiler.

Accounting for the height of the ceilings

However, ceilings in private homes may be higher. You will need to recalculate if the ceiling height is greater than 2.9 meters, but if the difference is only 10 to 15 centimeters, it cannot be taken into consideration. This is accomplished by multiplying the found number by the correction factor, which is found by dividing the actual height by the standard 2.6 m.

An illustration of a change in ceiling height. The ceiling height within the building is 3.2 meters. Under these circumstances (the house’s specifications are the same as in the first example), the heating boiler’s power must be counted:

• We calculate the coefficient. 3.2 m / 2.6 m = 1.23.
• We adjust the result: 17 kW * 1.23 = 20.91 kW.
• We round, we get 21 kW will need to heat.

Remember that when selecting a boiler based on power, the unit’s size increases as well as the size of

As you can see, there is a noticeable difference. If it is overlooked, there is no assurance that the house will remain warm during moderate winter temperatures, let alone discuss the possibility of severe frosts.

Accounting for the region of residence

What else should be taken into account is the location. After all, it is clear that the south requires much less heat than in the middle lane, and for those who live in the north of the “near Moscow” power, it will clearly be not enough. There are also coefficients for accounting for the region of residence. They are given with some range, since within the framework of one zone the climate is still greatly changing. If the house is closer to the southern border, a smaller coefficient is used, closer to the northern one – more. It is also worth considering the presence/absence of strong winds and choose the coefficient with their accounting.

• The middle strip of Russia is taken as the standard. Here is a coefficient of 1-1.1 (closer to the northern border of the region, it is still worth increasing the boiler power).
• For Moscow and Moscow Region, the result is required to multiply by 1.2 – 1.5.
• For the northern regions, when calculating the power of the boiler by area, the found number is multiplied by 1.5-2.0.
• For the southern part of the region, lowering coefficients: 0.7-0.9.

It’s also essential to consider the area of residence.

An illustration of zone adjustment. Assume that the residence for which the boiler’s power needs to be determined is situated in the northern part of the Moscow Region. The discovered 21 kW is then multiplied by 1.5. We obtain a total of 31.5 kW (21 kW * 1.5).

As you can see, the result of using only two coefficients is much different from the original number (17 kW) obtained by calculating by area. Nearly two times. Thus, consideration must be given to these factors.

The power of a double -circuit boiler

The calculation of the boiler’s power, which is solely used for heating, was discussed above. It is essential to boost performance if you also intend to warm water. Twenty to twenty-five percent of the reserve is used in the calculation of the boiler’s power when heating water for domestic use (multiplied by 1.2-1.25).

Warming the house as much as possible will prevent you from needing to purchase a very powerful boiler.

For instance, we modify the capacity. We obtain 37.8 kW by multiplying the determined value of 31.5 kW by 1.2. There is a noticeable difference.

Please be aware that the location’s calculations are done after taking the supply of heated water into consideration; the location’s water temperature also influences this.

Calculation of the power of the boiler

Boiler mounted on the wall

Simplified methods for calculating a gas boiler’s power can be applied to both private homes built on individual projects and apartments or houses constructed in accordance with standard projects.

Calculation for a typical house

In order to calculate the boiler power for a typical house in a simplified manner, they start with the standard of the boiler’s necessary specific thermal power (UM = 1 kW/10 m2). This means that in order to keep a room the size of 10 m2 at a comfortable temperature, 1 kW of thermal energy is needed. Since all homes constructed in accordance with standard projects have a maximum height of three meters, the volume of the premises is not taken into consideration in the calculation.

The following formula can be used to determine the boiler unit’s power:

RM is equal to mind x p x kr.

• RM – the necessary calculated power of the boiler unit;
• P – the sum of all areas of heated premises;
• KR – coefficient taking into account the climatic features of the regions.

Since the climate varies greatly among the regions of Russia, the KR correction factor is introduced, and its value is accepted:

• for the regions of the south of Russia – 0.9;
• for the regions of the middle lane – 1.2;
• for the Moscow region – 1.5;
• for the northern regions – 2.0.

In the Moscow region, for instance, a 120 m2 apartment or house will require a boiler with the following capacity:

120 x 1.5/10 = 18 kW is the RM.

A calculation for a boiler used exclusively for heating is included in the example. When the power of the double-circuit unit intended for hot water supply and heating needs to be calculated, the power obtained by the formula should be increased by approximately 30%. In this instance, the boiler’s ideal power will be 18 x 1.3 = 23.4 kW. Given that boiler capacities are expressed as whole numbers by the manufacturers, you should select a unit whose capacity is closest to the calculated indicator, which is 25 kW.

Calculation of the power of the boiler for an individual house

Individual residence’s heating system

Because the height of the premises and a few other factors are taken into consideration, the power of a gas boiler for a house built on an individual project can be calculated more precisely. The following formula is used to calculate:

• RM – the necessary calculated power of the boiler unit;
• TP – possible thermal losses of the building;
• KZ – stock coefficient taken within 1.15-1.2.

Consequently, the following formula is used to determine the building’s potential heat loss value:

TP is equal to OZ x RT x kr.

• OZ – the total volume of heated premises of the house;
• RT – the difference in the temperature of the outer air and air indoors;
• KR – coefficient taking into account the dispersion of thermal energy and depending on the type of enclosing structures of the house, the type of filling of window openings, the degree of insulation of the building.

The dispersion coefficient’s size is assumed for:

• buildings with a low degree of thermal protection, the walls of which, for example, are laid out of brick without a layer of insulation with standard wooden windows equal to 2.0-2.9;
• for structures with an average degree of thermal protection, double walls with insulation, a small number of windows equal to 1.0-1.9;
• for houses with a high degree of thermal protection – insulated floors, double -glazed windows, wooden frame, from a beam or a looped log, etc. P., equal to 0.6-0.9.

The value of heat loss, for instance, will be as follows for a home with an average degree of thermal protection, 630 m3 of total heated room volume (two-story, 100 m2 area on the first floor, 3.0 m height on the second floor), and 45 m difference in temperature between the air in the rooms and the outside air (calculated as the difference between the standard temperature in residential premises taken equal to 20 degrees, and the temperature of the coldest period of the year according to SNiP for this region, for example, 25 degrees of frost).

TP equals 28350 W (630 x 45 x 1.0).

Next, the boiler’s computed power will be:

28.35 x 1.2 = 34 kW is the RM.

Electric energy consumption. How to determine it

To get the required outcome, a specific number of calculations will be required.

Furthermore, the computation necessitates considering several parameters:

• Average daily duration of work at maximum load;
• Mode of residence;
• Efficiency and performance;
• Calculation of the time of work in the heating season;
• The volume of the coolant in the heating circuit;
• The size of the tank at the heating device;
• Calculation of the area of heating;
• Heating voltage;
• Calculation of the cross section of the power cable;
• Calculation of the volume of heated rooms;
• The number of circuits in equipment.

The average values are used in the calculation. It is necessary to make a number of changes to elements like the kind of thermal insulation, the walls’ thermal conductivity, temperature indicators, and so forth. Power is another important consideration.

A specific cable needs to be used when heating an electric boiler. The power is the primary determinant in its decision. There is a straightforward empirical dependence that is easy to comprehend: for a single-phase electric boiler, the area of the cable section should be measured in MM2, not less than the heating power stated in KW. This makes the calculation easier to understand. If the boiler’s indicator is at or above 10 kW, they must synchronize their actions with instances that track resource consumption.

Rice. 2. The apparatus is internal.

Installation of a floor and wall boiler

The layout of an electric boiler with three phases.

Electric boilers should be installed in rooms up to 500 square meters. It is possible to install the heating system and connect the boiler to it separately. Anchor bolts are used to secure the wall version, and a special stand is typically used for the floor installation. It is preferable to get in touch with a specialist electrician if you lack the necessary experience installing and connecting the devices that protect against short circuits and leakage currents. It is unacceptable to take liberties in this case.

Depending on the power, the cross-section of the cable cores must meet the specifications listed in the supporting documentation. Protective ground issues could occur. Remember that grounding is a device that depends on life, not just a pin driven into the ground. The heating system’s metal components should all be closed off to the ground circuit.

And above all, crucially. The grounding circuit’s resistance needs to match the requirements for the appropriate soil. The issued permits should specify the maximum ground resistance, which is contingent upon the physical characteristics of the soil. It is preferable to have less ground resistance. Ten ohms should be the maximum value. Use copper plates and impregnate the grounding location with a salt solution to lower the resistance of the grounding circuit. It is advisable to check the grounding resistance prior to the commencement of the heating season.

Types of boilers

Classification and features of choice

The type of boiler is especially important when setting up the house’s autonomous heating. These days, these kinds of boilers are installed in the majority of modern buildings:

• Electric,
• Gas,
• Solid fuel,
• liquid -fuel.

Every one of these kinds has distinct qualities. Consequently, the following parameters are considered during installation:

• The frequency of use of a country house,
• The number of inhabitants,
• region,
• Meter, etc. D.

Additionally, a boiler’s type has a big impact on its price.

Because of this, you have to be extra careful when making purchases.

Kinds

A solid fuel heating boiler possesses the following distinctive features:

• price affordability,
• full autonomy,
• economy.

A significant drawback of the apparatus is its comparatively low efficiency. Furthermore, storing solid fuel requires a large amount of space. However, the temperature incompetence of a solid fuel boiler is the most significant drawback that needs to be considered when making calculations. There could be a 2-3 degree change in temperature during the day.

The following are some benefits of the electric heating boiler:

• Compactness,
• Environmental friendliness,
• Easy in operation.

The primary disadvantage of an electric heating boiler is its high energy cost, which needs to be considered in the computation. Boilers that run on liquid fuel are incredibly convenient. Additionally, there is a significant fire risk there.

Boilers for gas heating are very cost-effective. In particular, considering that gas prices are reasonably priced. They are frequently installed in a variety of businesses. Their benefits are categorized as follows:

• Simplicity in operation,
• economy,
• Compactness.

Regretfully, their benefit is heavily reliant on gas prices. If it expands, using this kind of equipment will become simply unprofitable.

The main calculation of the power of the electric heat generator

Definition: Every room’s heat loss should be completely compensated for by the electric heater’s power. If required, the power that will be used to heat the water is considered.

Professionals factor in the following when calculating the power of electric heating equipment:

• Average temperature in the coldest season.
• Insulating characteristics of materials used in the construction of the enclosing structures of housing construction.
• Type of wiring heating circuit.
• The ratio of the total area of door and window openings and the area of supporting structures.
• Specific information about each heated room is the number of corner walls, the estimated number of radiators and so on.

Take note! The number of computers and video equipment, as well as home appliances, which also produce thermal energy, are taken into consideration for especially accurate calculations. Professional calculations are typically rarely performed, and when purchasing, the unit whose power exceeds the approximate calculated value is chosen.

Professional calculations are generally infrequent, and when purchasing, the unit whose power is greater than the approximate calculated value is chosen.

To calculate an approximate power (W), use the formula below:

W is equal to s*WUD/10M2, where S is the heated structure’s area in square meters.

Wood is the unit’s specific power, with a different value in every region:

• for cold climate-1.2-2.0;
• for the middle strip-1.0-1.2;
• for the southern regions-0.7-0.9.

Calculation of the power of the heating boiler by area

The area of the premises is sufficient for an approximative evaluation of the necessary performance of the thermal unit. One kilowatt of power is thought to be able to heat ten square meters in the most basic version for the middle lane. A house measuring 160 square meters will require a 16 kW boiler to heat it.

Because the climate and ceiling heights are not taken into consideration, these calculations are approximations. In order to achieve this, experimentally displayed coefficients are used, and the necessary adjustments are made.

The standard is 1 kW at 10 m^2 for 2.5–2.7 m ceilings. You must compute the coefficients and recount if the room above has ceilings. In order to do this, we calculate the correction factor by dividing the height of your property by the standard 2.7 meters.

The simplest method is to calculate the heating boiler power by area.

For instance, the ceiling height is 3.2 meters. We calculate the coefficient and round to 1.2 (3.2 m/2.7 m = 1.18). It turns out that a heating boiler with a capacity of 16 kW*1.2 = 19.2 kW is needed to heat the 160 m³ space with 3.2 m ceiling height. Typically, they go in a bigger direction, or 20 kW.

Prefabricated coefficients are used to account for climate characteristics. Regarding Russia, they are:

• 1.5-2.0 for the northern regions;
• 1.2-1.5 for the regions near Moscow;
• 1.0-1.2 for the middle strip;
• 0.7-0.9 for the southern regions.

In the Krasnodar Territory in the south of Russia, for instance, a coefficient of 0.8 is used, meaning that the power is needed (20 kW*0, 8 = 16 kW). If the house is in the middle lane, a little south of Moscow, a coefficient of 1.2 (20 kW*1.2 = 24kW) is used.

The calculation of heating and boiler selection are crucial steps. You may obtain such a result if you locate power incorrectly.

These are the primary considerations that must be made. However, if the boiler is used primarily for heating, the results are reasonable. Add 20–25% to the estimated amount if heating water is also required. Then, to reach the highest winter temperatures, you must add a "stock." This represents an additional 10%. Total amount received:

• For heating a house and DHW in a middle lane 24kW+20%= 28.8 kW. Then the supply for the cold – 28.8 kW+10%= 31.68kW. Round and get 32kW. When compared with the initial figure of 16 kW, the difference is twice.
• House in the Krasnodar Territory. Add power for heating hot water: 16 kW+20%= 19.2 kW. Now the "reserve" in the cold is 19.2+10%= 21.12kW. Jacket: 22kW. The difference is not so striking, but also quite decent.

The examples demonstrate that these values at the very least need to be considered. However, it is evident that there should be a difference when calculating the boiler’s power for the house and the apartment. Using the coefficients for every factor, you can proceed in the same manner. However, there’s a more straightforward method that lets you adjust one thing at a time.

A coefficient of 1.5 is used to determine the house’s heating boiler. He considers the possibility of heat loss via the foundation, floor, and roof. Fair with the typical (average) level of wall insulation; two bricks or comparable in terms of the properties of the building materials.

For apartments, different coefficients are employed. In the event that an unheated attic has a coefficient of 1.0 and a heated room (or other apartment) has a coefficient of 0.7 on top. To obtain a reasonably accurate figure, you must multiply the boiler’s capacity using one of these coefficients in accordance with the above methodology.

We will compute the power of the gas heating boiler for a 65 m³ apartment with 3 m ceilings that is situated in a central region of Russia in order to illustrate the calculation process.

1. Determine the required power by area: 65m2/10m2 = 6.5 kW.
2. We make an amendment to the region: 6.5 kW*1.2 = 7.8 kW.
3. The boiler will warm the water, therefore add 25% (we love the hotter) 7.8 kW*1.25 = 9.75kW.
4. Add 10% to the cold: 7.95kW*1.1 = 10.725KW.

We now round the result to obtain 11kW.

For the selection of heating boilers on any fuel type, the given algorithm is equitable. The formula for calculating the power of an electric heating boiler is the same as the formula for a solid fuel, gas, or liquid fuel boiler. The boiler’s output and efficiency are what matter most, and the type of boiler has no bearing on heat loss. The question at hand is how to use fewer energy carriers. And here’s where insulation comes in.

Selecting the appropriate heating boiler power for your house is essential if you want to reduce energy costs and maintain a warm home. The computation procedure entails taking into account variables including your home’s size, the quality of its insulation, the local climate, and the number of occupants. Accurately calculating the boiler power needed will help you maintain comfortable temperatures and minimize wasteful energy use. Professionals usually perform this computation, accounting for particulars about your home and heating requirements. Time spent on this computation up front can result in substantial long-term savings and a more comfortable home.

general information

Why are the parameters specifically calculated for gas heating?

Gas is, in fact, the most affordable heat source—and, as a result, the most widely used one. The cost to the consumer of each kilowatt-hour of thermal energy produced during combustion is between 50 and 70 kopecks.

In contrast, the cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat for alternative energy sources is as follows:

• Solid fuel -1.1-1.6 rubles per kilowatt-hour;
• Diesel fuel – 3.5 p./kW · h;
• Electricity – 5 p./kW · h.

Gas equipment is not only efficient but also user-friendly. The boiler only needs to be serviced once a year; it doesn’t need to be trampled; all that needs to be done is clean the ash and refill the fuel supply. Regardless of the weather, electronic ignition devices can automatically maintain a constant temperature in the house when used in conjunction with remote thermostats.

The main gas boiler with electronic ignition combines ease of use and maximum efficiency.

Does the calculation for a residential gas boiler differ from that for an electric, liquid, or solid fuel boiler?

Generally speaking, no. Any heat source should make up for heat lost through the building’s ceiling, windows, walls, and floor. There is no connection between the energy used and its thermal power.

We require a power reserve in the event that the double-circuit boiler heating the house’s water for hucks fails. Overpowering energy use will result in the hydraulic system using water and heating the coolant at the same time.

Factors affecting thermal power

1. The number of external walls.
2. Type of windows.
3. The level of thermal insulation of walls.
4. Square of windows.
5. The height of the premises.
6. The presence of insulated attic.

According to standard glazing, 27% of heat escapes through conventional windows. In other words, the result of the above formula should be multiplied by 1.27 when dealing with such windows. The corrective coefficient for windows that have a triple package is 0.85.

For walls that are poorly and extremely well insulated, respectively, the same coefficients are applied. 10% extra heat loss through the windows is possible if the window area makes up 40% of the room’s total area. That is, 1.1 is the coefficient. The ratio of the floor area to the area of windows increases by 0.1 with each additional 10% growth.

When a room’s height is greater than 2.5 meters, consideration should be given to it. The corrective coefficient for this number is 1. It grows by 0.5 when the height is increased by an additional 0.5 m. In other words, 1.15 for 4-meter walls. The resultant figure does not need to be modified if there is a cold attic. The result is multiplied by 0.9 or 0.8 if it is insulated or has a heated room on top.

What are gas boilers for heating

Contemporary heating system boilers have the following built-in features and can be mounted on the wall or the floor:

• Floor devices are the most common gas boilers for heating large rooms. Such a design is installed in special boiler rooms of about 6-10 square meters and with good ventilation. When installing the flooring, you need to retreat from walls about 1 meter.
• Wall units are used to heat small rooms. This design takes up very little space. Are made in two versions: with a running heating system or with a combustion chamber. A small ventilation hole should also be equipped in the room.

The different designs of gas boilers must also be discussed, as this factor is also considered when selecting heating equipment:

• The boiler with a closed firebox is equipped with a special fan that transports air into the furnace, ensuring high -quality gas combustion. The advantage of such a device is that the combustion chamber is blown, as before the fuel supply, so after it is disconnected, which significantly reduces the risk of gas ignition in the firebox itself. Efficiency of this design is very high with minor economic costs.
• A boiler with an open combustion chamber is a classic design in which a chimney creates a craving for combustion of fuel. At the same time, the cost of such an unit is much lower than that of structures with a closed combustion chamber. However, the absence of a fan in the design itself significantly reduces the efficiency of the device, increasing the requirements for the chimney channel.

When selecting equipment, the material the gas boiler is made of is just as crucial. Depending on the manufacturing material, there are three different kinds of heating units:

1. Steel units are the designs of a “economy” class that are cheaper in price, but are inferior to other technical characteristics systems.
2. Stainless steel systems are inherent mainly to wall structures. These are modern high -tech devices with good power.
3. Cast iron products are the most reliable floor heat exchangers, their power is slightly higher than that of stainless steel models. Such a boiler is distinguished by durability and high heat capacity, due to the thickness of the walls and a large mass.

Therefore, cast-iron boilers are a better option for the home’s gas heating system because they are incredibly useful, dependable, and long-lasting.

We determine the ideal ratio of power and economy

Multiple boilers in a single system

When using the boiler, there are a few more considerations that you must make in order to adhere to the principles of savings.

Maintaining a temperature between 20 and 22 degrees is essential in cold weather because it is the most comfortable for the human body. However, you can heat the house with a boiler whose power is half lower in the calculations because the temperature drops during the winter and there are only a few frosty days during the heating season.

It is best for the boiler’s long-term normal operation to operate at nominal power rather than peak power for many years. However, there are instances when maintaining a high temperature in the house is not necessary during the heating season. Make use of mixing valves to escape from this position.

They are required in order to regulate the coolant temperature in batteries. Use hydraulic systems equipped with four-way valves or thermal hydraulic distributors to accomplish this. If they are put in the heating system, the regulator can adjust the temperature while maintaining a steady boiler power output.

Following these upgrades, the boiler will operate at peak efficiency, consuming minimal power and providing all rooms with excellent heating. Although this solution is pricey, it will reduce fuel consumption.

• Another case when the boiler has a power exceeded for this room, and I don’t want to overpay for excessive fuel that should ensure its work. To avoid these unpleasant expenses, you can install a buffer tank (accumulator), which is completely filled with water.

This addition will be made to the location if solid-fuel boilers are used for heating; even in the event that only temporary heat is needed, the device will operate at maximum capacity.

The automatic valve starts to restrict the amount of heated water that enters the battery when the street temperature rises and the boiler is turned off early. He points her in the direction of the buffer tank’s heat exchanger, where she will heat the water that is already there. A 500-liter tank with a volume of 500 liters is required for a house that is 50 square meters in size. The tank’s volume should be proportionate to the house’s area, with a ratio of 10:1.

Tank-accumulator installation results in significant energy savings.

After cooling water in the circuit, this heated water starts to work and enters the radiators. The system will keep the space heated for a while.

A little advice on choosing

Nowadays, every manufacturer aims to offer the customer the full range of equipment that he may require, taking power into consideration. The electric boiler was also not an anomaly. It comes with a microprocessor, a coolant circulation pump, and an expansion tank installed. This makes it simple to comprehend what an electric boiler’s power indicator ought to be. Even a non-expert user can handle this.

Special cables and equipment protection devices are also needed. This means that you can do the installation entirely by hand. The boiler’s power is irrelevant.

However, independent understaffing is sometimes also necessary. This choice frequently becomes the most important one for people who are familiar with electrical models. power included. If an electric boiler with a 6 kW power output is installed, the standard power supply system can be utilized.

The amount of electricity used by an electric boiler has recently grown to be regarded as a sign of equal importance to the installation of a special pump in the system. This solution also aids in understanding the amount and cause of the electricity loss. Here, the consumption is significantly lower. It will be feasible to use pipes in the system that are smaller in diameter than they would be in an ordinary circumstance. The primary piece of equipment, which is typically found in homes, is a pump with a wet rotor. Its power completely satisfies the specifications.

• The rotor is washed with liquid, which is never pumped with electric equipment. Resource consumption becomes more profitable.
• The installation of an additional fan is not required, since the device never overheats. The power of the boiler is enough for loads in normal mode.
• Due to the fact that the fan is absent, the work of the entire system becomes almost silent. In residential premises, this becomes especially relevant, the power does not suffer from this.

These pumps themselves are capable of both manual and automatic adjustment. In this instance, power is not very important. Since it allows you to save electricity, the first option is the best choice. Then, using an electric boiler for heating makes sense financially.

How much does his work cost? It is sufficient to understand a few operational features in order to calculate. For instance, what temperature is typically kept in the space? Regarding the overall plan for home heating, forced circulation is the preferable option. This is also the best choice for getting the most out of your investments while still getting the best results.

The concept of dispersion coefficient

One of the key markers of heat transfer from the living room to the surroundings is the dispersion coefficient. based on the quality of the insulation in the home. The most precise calculation formula uses the following indicators:

• 3.0 – 4.0 – this is the dispersion coefficient for structures in which there is no thermal insulation at all. Most often in such cases we are talking about template from corrugated iron or wood.
• The coefficient of 2.9 to 2.0 is characteristic of buildings with a low level of thermal insulation. I mean at home with thin walls (for example, one brick) without insulation, with ordinary wooden frames and a simple roof.
• The average level of thermal insulation and coefficient from 1.9 to 1.0 are assigned to houses with double plastic windows, insulation of the outer walls or double masonry, as well as with an insulated roof or attic.
• The lowest dispersion coefficient from 0.6 to 0.9 is characteristic of houses built using modern materials and technologies. In such houses, walls, roof and floor are insulated, good windows are installed and ventilation system is well thought out.

Value heating calculation in a private residence

You can determine the heat loss of a specific structure using one of the most accurate formulas, which uses the dispersion coefficient value. This is how she appears:

In the formula, Qt represents the amount of heat loss, V is the room’s volume (a product of length, width, and height), Pt is the temperature difference (to calculate, deduct the lowest air temperature that is possible at this latitude from the desired temperature in the room), and K is the dispersion coefficient.

In order to determine the heat loss of the house with a volume of 300 m³ (10 m*10 m*3 m) and an average level of thermal insulation at the desired air temperature of +20 °C and the minimum winter temperature of -20 °C, we will substitute the numbers in our formula.

With this number, we can determine how much power the boiler needs for a home like that. To do this, multiply the heat loss value that results by a stock coefficient, which is typically between 1.15 and 1.2 (those that are very 15-20%). We understand that:

We can determine the desired number by rounding the resultant number in the lesser direction. Under the conditions we set, a 38 kW boiler is required to heat a house.

This formula will determine the power of the gas boiler needed for a given house very accurately. Additionally, a wide range of calculators and applications have been created in the present day that enable you to consider the data of every single structure.

See articles on the topic:

Heating a private home on your own: guidelines for selecting the kind of boilerand system type needed to install a gas boiler what information about the connection process is necessary and helpful to know? How to accurately and error-free calculate the water supply system’s heating radiators for a private home using a well: suggestions for developing

Factor	Consideration
House Size	The larger the house, the more heating power is needed to maintain a comfortable temperature.
Insulation Quality	Well-insulated homes require less heating power as they retain heat better.
Climate	Colder climates require more heating power compared to milder climates.
Number of Occupants	More people in the house typically mean more heating power is needed to maintain comfort.
Usage Patterns	Frequent use of hot water or appliances like dryers may require higher heating power.

To ensure efficiency and comfort in your home, it is essential to select the appropriate heating boiler power. It entails taking into account a number of variables, including your home’s size, insulation levels, climate, and unique heating requirements. You can minimize heating expenses and maximize energy consumption by precisely estimating the boiler power.

Determining how much heat your home loses is a crucial step in calculating boiler power. This entails determining how much heat escapes through the roof, windows, doors, and walls. Heat retention is influenced by a number of factors, including building materials and insulation quality. You can more accurately calculate the amount of boiler power needed to offset heat loss if you are aware of these factors.

It’s also important to take your region’s climate into account. While milder climates might call for a lower power output, colder climates require a higher boiler power to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. You can prevent oversizing or undersizing your boiler and ensure optimal performance all year long by considering the climate.

Taking into account your unique heating requirements based on your tastes and way of life is also very important. For example, you might need a larger boiler power to meet your increased heating needs if you have a large family or host guests frequently. On the other hand, a lower boiler power might be adequate if you frequently maintain relatively low interior temperatures or spend a lot of time away from home.

In the end, figuring out the heating boiler power requires striking a balance between affordability, comfort, and efficiency. You can make an informed choice that guarantees your home stays warm and comfortable without wasting needless energy by carefully evaluating variables like heat loss, climate, and heating needs.

Video on the topic

How to choose the right power of the heating boiler