Calculation and installation of a collector for heating

A vital first step in creating a warm and inviting living space, particularly in the winter, is installing a heating system in your house. A collector is one of the most important parts of a contemporary heating system, and it is vital to the effective distribution of heat throughout your home. Your heating system’s overall performance and energy efficiency may differ depending on how well you calculate and install a collector.

The collector, sometimes called a manifold, is in charge of collecting hot water from the heating source and piping it throughout your house. It serves as a focal point for managing the hot water flow to various radiators or heating zones. In order to maximize comfort and minimize energy consumption, it is crucial to accurately calculate the size and capacity of the collector to guarantee that every part of your home receives the appropriate amount of heat.

There are a few important steps you should take into consideration when installing a collector for your heating system. To determine the proper size of the collector, you must first ascertain the heating load for each zone in your house. This entails assessing elements like the room’s dimensions, the degree of insulation, and the ideal temperature settings. With this knowledge, you can choose a collector that will meet your heating needs by having the appropriate number of outlets and flow rate.

The correct installation process comes next, after the collector’s dimensions and capacity have been determined. This entails attaching the pipes that will distribute the hot water to the various rooms of your house after connecting the collector to the heating source, which could be a boiler, heat pump, or solar panels. For a safe and efficient installation, it is essential to adhere to local building codes as well as the manufacturer’s instructions. When placed correctly, a collector can greatly enhance the efficiency of your heating system, bringing constant warmth and comfort into your entire house.

Elements of the heating circuit

Contemporary heating, which uses collectors to provide heat, necessitates building a sizable structure with the following primary components:

1. The source of thermal energy. It is the first starting point from which the heated coolant is sent to pipelines and heating radiators. The power of heat units must be accurately calculated so that the equipment functions in accordance with its purpose.
   The process of choosing a boiler and calculating its parameters is a very important point when creating a heating structure. The low power indicator will not allow the circuit to work in full, as a result of which the rooms will not be warm enough. The overstated value of the required heat transfer will lead to the overspending of the fuel, which will require the installation of regulatory elements, and, accordingly, additional financial expenses;
2. Circulation pump. Closed heating circuit with a comb requires forced circulation of the coolant. To do this, install circulation pumps in the heating system, due to which the necessary pressure is created to move the heated fluid, and the optimum temperature guarantees high -quality operation is provided.
   When choosing a circulation pump, according to the instructions, take into account a number of parameters. The power of the engine of the circulation device does not apply to the main indicators, it only determines the amount of energy consumed by the engine. Attention should be paid to the speed and volume of the pumped liquid per unit of time.
   Choose pumps very carefully. The fact is that in order to ensure high -quality heating, it is necessary to select it with a margin by power, exceeding the calculated parameters by about 10 percent, since often real estate owners add the heating area without replacing the circulation device.
3. Collector for radiator heating. It is an important element of the heat supply system by analogy with the boiler or pump. It is the collector for radiator heating that gives the “radiation” scheme, since it performs the distribution function and ensures the supply of liquid coolant to all heating batteries.
   For such systems, various shut-off or thermoregulating elements are additionally used for such systems. Thanks to the collector, in each branch of the heating structure it is possible to ensure the necessary flow rate of the coolant. Installation of thermometers and automatic air accessors additionally guarantees high -quality operation of the heating network without costs (read also: “Installation of the heating systems of the house according to the rules”).
   Selection of the type of comb, and their choice in the domestic market is huge, are carried out in accordance with the planned number of heating contours and heating radiators. In addition, they are distinguished in accordance with the material of manufacture, they are produced from steel, brass or polymeric materials.
4. Cabinets. This type of heating structure needs to hide its components, such as a collector for heating with your own hands, pipelines, ball valves in boxes or cabinets specially equipped for this. They are either fixed on the outside or built into the walls.

How to make a heat pump with your own hands

Even without factoring in the money needed to hire a professional to install it, the heat pump is rather expensive. Not everyone has the financial means to pay for the installation of such equipment right away. In light of this, many start to question whether they could construct a heat pump out of spare parts on their own? That’s very likely. Additionally, you can use used spare parts instead of brand-new ones when working.

In the event that you choose to build a heat pump yourself, you must first:

• Check the wiring condition in your house;
• make sure that the power meter is operability and check that the power of this device is at least 40 amperes.

The purchase of a compressor is the first step. You can purchase it from specialist retailers or by getting in touch with a workshop that repairs refrigeration equipment. The air conditioner there has a compressor for sale. It is ideal for making a heat pump. Then, it needs to be fastened to the wall with the L-300 brackets.

You can now move on to the manufacturing of the capacitor, which is the next step. You will need to locate a stainless steel tank with a 120-liter capacity in order to accomplish this. After cutting it in half, a coil is put inside. It is possible to make it by hand using a refrigerator-grade copper tube. Alternatively, you could make it out of a small-diameter copper pipe.

It is necessary to use a copper wire to wind a regular gas cylinder in order to avoid encountering issues during coil manufacturing.

It is important to keep in mind that the spacing between the turns should remain constant throughout this task. You should use the aluminum corner with perforation, which is meant to protect the putty angles, in order for the tube to be recorded in this position.

The tubes should be arranged using the turns so that the wire turns face the holes in the corner. This will ensure that the turns have the same step, and the design will also be very robust.

The prepared tank’s two halves are welded together after the coil is installed. In this instance, threaded joint welding is your responsibility.

Plastic water tanks with a combined capacity of 60 to 80 liters can be used to construct an evaporator. It has a coil installed from a pipe with a ¾-inch diameter. Water delivery and drainage can be accomplished with standard water pipes.

Using the appropriate-sized L-krronstein on the wall There is no evaporator.

After everything is finished, all that’s left to do is call in a refrigeration equipment specialist. He will roll Freon, weld copper tubes, and gather the system.

The simplest heat pump from a window air conditioner

As one might expect, in order to manufacture TN "Water – Air," a functional window cooler is required. Purchasing a model with a reversing valve and heating capability is highly desirable; if not, you will need to redo the freon outline.

When purchasing a used air conditioner, take note of the nameplate, which lists the appliance’s technical specifications. The parameter that interests you – (expressed in British heat units, or BTUs, or kilowatts)

The device’s heating power is more chilled and is determined by adding the two factors: performance and the heat generated by the compressor.

If fortune favors you, you may be able to avoid releasing a freon and rolling the tubes altogether. How to repair the heat pump’s air conditioner:

1. Remove the upper casing of the unit and unscrew the external heat exchanger from the pallet. Gently push the radiator, trying not to disinfect the tubes with a refrigerant.
2. Remove the outer impeller from the total shaft.
3. Make a metal tank along the length of the external heat exchanger, make the width 10-15 cm larger. Cut the fluid water feeders into the side walls.
4. So that the radiator does not freeze, increase the exchange area, adding additional plates from copper or aluminum on the sides (depending on the material of the heat exchanger).
5. Subure the radiator into the tank, preferably without cutting freon tubes. Make a sealed lid and seal the circuit inputs.
6. Connect the water and selection hoses to the fittings, connect the circulation pumps. Fill and check the tank tank.

Suggestion made. Try to evacuate gas and cut the tubes at the appropriate places (away from the evaporator) if the heat exchanger cannot be positioned in the reservoir without going against freon highways. A water heat transfer assembly requires soldering and freon seasoning of the circuit. On the plate, there is also a refrigerant amount indication.

The last steps are to start a homemade TN and modify the water flow for optimal effectiveness. Please be aware that you have only changed the radiator from air to liquid; the impromptu heater uses a full factory "filling." View the Master of the Umelian’s video to see how the system functions in real time:

Literature.

1. IN. Maak, g.-YU. Eckert, w.-L. Koshpen. Refrigerator Textbook: Per. with French. – M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1998. – 1142 p., Il.
2. Rey D., McMaikl D. Thermal pumps: Per. from English. – M.: Energo Izdat, 1982. – 224 p., Il.
3. El Sadin Hassan. The selection of optimal parameters of the thermal and water supply system of a residential building // Refrigeration equipment, 2003, No. 3, with.18–21.
4. Ovcharenko in.A. Ovcharenko a.IN. Vikoristanny Teplovich pump // cold m+t, 2006, No. 2 s. 34–36.
5. Five steps to get rid of methane dependence // Heating Water supply Ventilation + air conditioners, 2006, No. 1, C. 30–41.
6. Bondar e.WITH., Kalugin p.IN. Energy -saving air conditioning systems with cold accumulation // C.ABOUT.TO., 2006, No. 3, with. 44–48.
7. Viesmann.Systems of heat pumps. Design instructions.5829 122-2 GUS 2/2000
8. Belova. Air conditioning systems with chillers and fanco

Calculation formula

The area’s rule will take the form of the following formula:

+ S1 + S2 + S3 + SN = S0,

Where s0 is the comb’s cross-sectional area,

Squares of Settlement Vesti, S1-SN.

The hydrophoretor’s pipelines are not taken into consideration.

Taking a closer look at this formula will help you remember your geometry class in school. The formula s = π * r² is used to calculate the cross section, but s = π * d2/4 is a more straightforward and convenient way to calculate the collector. The original equality is transformed into this design using the following formula:

Π * d02/4 is equivalent to π * d12/4 + π * d22/4 + π * d32/4 + π * dn2/4.

Where D0 denotes the comb’s diameter,

Internal dialing branch dimensions are D1-DN.

You can make the computations much simpler by reducing the number of pi and bringing everything to the square of the square root:

D0 is equal to 2 * √ (D1/4 + D2/4 + D3/4 + DN/4).

This is the representation of the universal formula for calculating the hydropolitan of any complexity and configuration. The equality becomes even more straightforward if the size of each outgoing heating branch is the same:

Where the number of branches leaving the comb is indicated by the symbol n.

You also need to consider the distance between the collector pipes in addition to their size. The branches of the heating contours should therefore be separated from one another by three sizes, and the distance between the input and output groups of branches should be equal to six diameters.

Sure, here"s the main thesis for the article on "Calculation and installation of a collector for heating":Installing a heating collector is a smart way to improve your home"s energy efficiency and reduce heating costs. Before diving into installation, it"s crucial to calculate the right size and capacity of the collector to ensure optimal performance. Factors like the size of your home, insulation quality, and local climate play key roles in this calculation. Once you"ve determined the appropriate size, installation involves mounting the collector on a suitable location, connecting it to your heating system, and ensuring proper insulation around the pipes. Proper calculation and installation not only guarantee efficient heating but also contribute to a more sustainable and comfortable living environment.

The main characteristics and calculation of the power of the heat pump

First and foremost, the financial costs are taken into consideration when assessing the overall logic of installing a heat pump to heat the house. This comprises:

• equipment purchase price;
• the cost of installation, which may include land work;
• expenses for periodic maintenance;
• Approximate cost of eliminating frequent problems.

As was already mentioned, choosing a model by power depends on the overall requirement for heat supply. A one-story house measuring 10 by 10 meters, or 300 cubic meters of volume, would roughly calculate as follows:

• The maximum negative winter temperature (-20) is taken into account;
• The difference between the room and the environment is determined (20 –20 = 40);
• The heat loss of the walls are calculated, according to the reference data of their material (for brick, the tabular value of 1, heat loss – 1x300x40 – 12,000 kilocalories per hour or 13.5 kW).

The resultant number indicates the heat pump’s minimum power, which is sufficient to heat the house. The characteristics must rise by at least 50% in order to choose the best model. This is necessary because, in the winter, the heating pump must operate in suboptimal conditions—that is, near the ambient temperature threshold where efficiency is zero. For the example in question, the resultant value is roughly 20 kW.

Choosing a container capacity is the second computation step. It is advised to install this system component to enable the heat pump to operate for a set number of cycles each day. The equipment’s documentation offers suggestions regarding the heat accumulator volume for a particular cycle indicator. Thirty liters per kilowatt at three launches, and twenty liters at five launches, is the average. As a result, in order to run the heat pump five times a day for the home in the example, a drive tank of at least 400 liters will be required.

The operation of the heat pump when working according to the soil-water circuit

There are three methods for placing the collector in the ground.

Horizontal option

Pipes are buried with a "snake" in a trench that is deeper than the soil’s freezing point, which is typically between 1 and 1.5 meters.

A fairly large plot of land will be needed for such a collector, but any homeowner can build one; all they’ll need is the ability to use a shovel.

True, it should be remembered that building a heat exchanger by hand is a very time-consuming procedure.

Vertical option

The loop-shaped collector pipes, which resemble "U" molds, are submerged in wells that range in depth from 20 to 100 meters. You can construct more than one of these wells if needed. Cement mortar is poured into the wells following the pipe installation.

The vertical manifold has the benefit of requiring a very small site for construction. But you will need to hire a brigade of drillers if you want to drill wells deeper than 20 meters on your own.

Combined option

Although it will require significantly less space for construction, this collector can be thought of as a variation of the horizontal.

At the location, a circular well that is two meters deep is dug up.

Since the heat exchanger’s pipes are arranged in a spiral, the circuit is essentially a spring that is affixed vertically.

After installation is finished, the well shuts off. Just like with a horizontal heat exchanger, you can perform all the required labor by hand.

Either ethylene glycol solution or antifreeze is poured into the collector. A unique pump bursts into the circuit to guarantee its circulation. The antifreeze absorbs the heat from the soil and moves on to the evaporator, where it transfers heat to the refrigerant.

It should be noted that unrestricted heat selection from the soil may have negative effects on the site’s ecology and geology, particularly given the collector’s vertical placement. As a result, it is highly preferred to use TN type "soil – water" air conditioning in reverse mode during the summer.

Calculation of the horizontal collector of thermal pump

Removing heat from each meter of the pipe depends on many parameters: depth of styling, the presence of groundwater, soil quality, etc.D. Tentatively, it can be assumed that for horizontal collectors it is 20 watts.m.P. More precisely: dry sand – 10, dry clay – 20, wet clay – 25, clay with a high water content – 35 watts.m.P. The difference in the temperature of the coolant in the straight and back line of the loop during calculations, usually 3 ° C are taken. On the collector section, you should not build buildings so that the heat of the earth, t.e. our energy source was replenished with energy due to solar radiation.

A minimum of 0.7 to 0.8 meters should separate each pipe that is laid.

One trench’s length can vary from 30 to 1150 meters. It’s crucial that the lengths of the contours that connect it are roughly equal. It is advised to cool the main circuit with a medium-grade ethylene glycol solution that has a freezing point of roughly -13 OS. It should be noted in the calculations that the solution has a density of 1.05 g/cm3 and a heat capacity of 3.7 kJ/(kg · K) at 0 ° C.

Pipe pressure loss during the use of a medium is 1.5 times greater than that during water circulation. You must ascertain the medium’s consumption in order to compute the parameters of the heat pump’s primary contour:

Vs = QO · 3600 / (1.05 · 3.7 ·.t),
where .t is the temperature difference between the supply and return lines, which is often taken equal to 3 ok. Then QO – thermal power obtained from a low -potential source (soil). The last value is calculated as the difference in the full power of the QWP heat pump and the electric power spent on heating the refrigerant P:
QO = QWP – P, KW.
The total length of the pipe of the collector L and the total area of the site for it are calculated by the formulas:
L = QO/Q,
A = L · DA.
here Q is a specific (from 1 m pipe) heat; DA – distance between pipes (stacking step). An example of calculation. Thermal pump.
Starting conditions: The heat consumption of a cottage with an area of 120–240 m2 (based on heat losses taking into account infiltration) – 13 kW; The temperature of the water in the heating system is taken equal to 35 ° C (sub -heating); The minimum temperature of the coolant to the exit to the evaporator is 0 ° C. For heating the building, a heat pump with a capacity of 14.5 kW was selected from the existing technical series of equipment, taking into account losses on the viscosity of a medium, when selecting and transmitting thermal energy from the soil, is 3.22 kW. Heating from the surface layer of soil (dry clay), Q is 20 W/m.P. In accordance with the formulas, we calculate:
1) the required thermal power of the collector QO = 14.5 – 3.22 = 11.28 kW;
2) The total length of the pipes l = QO/Q = 11.28/0.020 = 564 m.P. The organization of such a collector will require 6 circuits of 100 m long;
3) with a laying step of 0.75 m, the required area of the site A = 600 x 0.75 = 450 m2;
4) General refueling of ethylene glycol solution vs = 11.28 · 3600/ (1.05 · 3.7 · 3) = 3.51 m3, in one circuit is 0.58 m3.
For the device of the collector, select a plastic pipe of the size of 32×3. Pressure losses in it will be 45 p/m.P.; the resistance of one circuit is approximately 7 kPa; The speed of the coolant duct is 0.3 m/s.

What is the collector for

The collector’s principal heating functions are as follows:

• Distribution of the coolant for various contours;
• Return of the cooled reverse flow to the heater;
• Removal from the air system;
• Pressure leveling;
• Cleaning of the coolant from rust and scale;
• The ability to turn off the elements of the circuit;
• Emergency shutdown of heating.

With multiple floors and individual heating circuits, the hydraulic node is essential in country homes. For example, the hydraulic collection is situated in the basement and controls how much heat is supplied to each room of a residential building. The desired valve on the heating comb is just blocked if repairs are needed in a different part of the system.

Methodology for calculating thermal pumps

Naturally, selecting and calculating the heat pump is a highly intricate process that is dependent on the specifics of each item, but it can be roughly broken down into the following steps:

It is determined how much heat escapes the building through its enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, windows, and doors). To achieve this, use the following ratio:

Where QOK is equal to S *(TVN – TNAR) *(1 + σ β) *n / rt (W).

TNAR, or outside air temperature (degree Celsius);

TVN is the temperature of the interior air in degrees Celsius;

S is the total enclosed structure area (M2);

The coefficient, n, represents how much the environment affects an object’s characteristics. For locations where there is direct ceiling contact with the outside world, n = 1; for items having attic floors, n = 0.9; if the item is situated above the basement, n = 0.75;

The coefficient of additional heat loss, denoted as β, is contingent upon the nature of the structure and its specific location. The range of β is 0.05 to 0.27.

The following expression determines Rt, or heat resistance:

The thermal conductivity calculation indicator used in material construction is δI / λi.

ΑNar, or the coefficient of thermal dispersion of the enclosing structures’ outer surfaces, is expressed in W/m2*OS.

Αint: the internal surfaces of the enclosing structures’ coefficient of thermal absorption (W/m2*OS);

– used the following formula to determine the structure’s overall heat loss:

Q OK + Q and – Q BP equals Q t.sweat, where:

Q and – the energy expenditure for warming the air that seeps into the space from natural leaks;

QBP: heat release from human activity and household appliance operation.

2. Using the data acquired, the yearly thermal energy consumption of every single object is computed:

24 * 0.63 * Q T. sweat* = Q year.((D *(TNAR.cf. – TVN)/(TVN – tnar.)) (kW hourly for a year.) Where:

T VV is the ideal indoor air temperature;

The outside air temperature, t nar;

T Nar.SR is the average outdoor temperature over the course of the heating season, expressed as an arithmetic value;

The heating period has a duration of D days.

3. To complete the analysis, you must determine the amount of thermal power required to warm the water:

Q gv (kW/hour per year) = v * 17. Where:

V—using regular water that has been heated to 50 °C.

The following formula will then be used to calculate the total amount of thermal energy consumed:

Q (kW/hour annually) = q gv + q year.

It won’t be difficult to select the best heat pump for heating and hot water supply after taking the data into consideration. Additionally, the computed power will be described as. Qn is equal to 1.1*Q, where:

A corrective coefficient of 1.1 denotes the potential for raising the heat pump’s load during the critical temperature window.

After completing the heat pump calculations, you can select the best heat pump to provide the necessary microclimate parameters in rooms with any combination of technical specifications. It is also possible to integrate this system with a climate installation, which adds to the warm floor’s high aesthetic value in addition to its functionality.

How to compute the building’s ventilation

How to pick insulation for your house

Materials used to build the home’s walls

Watch this video to learn how to accurately calculate the quantity and depth of wells for tons:

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Determination of maximum consumption

The overall energy requirement for the QDPB used period (kW ∙ h) is calculated as follows:

QDP is where?NNe is the number of users with the same consumption, while BNNE is the amount of energy needed in kW ∙ h for the chosen period.The amount of energy required for heating drinking water (energy for DHW) for the time period used by DP (l) is directly calculated based on the total energy requirement:

Where tSOLL is the specified temperature of the hot water; tCW is the temperature of the cold water; and sW is the specific heat capacity (1.163 W h/kg ∙ k) for water.

Heat loss from mixing cold water and thermal insulation must also be considered when calculating energy consumption.

The technical documentation of the accumulative capacity indicates loss with dispersion through thermal insulation.

The value of losses incurred when combining cold water and lowering the funded capacity’s usable volume is typically estimated to be between 15% and 20% of the capacity’s nominal volume.

Consequently, the following formula determines the minimum volume of accumulative capacity, or vSP-Min (l):

Where, when combined with cold water, 1.15–15% loss occurs.

Subsequently, determine the heat pump’s requisite power for the hot water supply Q Q QWP (kW). To find the hot water load for the chosen water clearance period, this computation is required.

Where TAufh is the heating of the capacitive water heater and vSP is the volume of accumulative capacity (L).

If the water heater heats up quickly, it’s important to figure out whether to use an additional heat generator or increase the funded capacity based on the heat pump’s maximum performance. The second option is better than raising the heat pump’s primary power, which would require higher investment costs, especially for apartment buildings with high water clearance peaks.

The power pump power for hydraulic devices is calculated WP (kW), based on the peak correction number in addition to the nominal load during the day, in order to determine the maximum periods of water clearance.

Where QDPT is the daily power consumption in kW and nNe is the correction number of the maximum water clearance period.

Consequently, the evaluation’s phases are as follows:

1. Installation of load profile;
2. setting the need for energy for the longest period;
3. calculation of the theoretical volume of the funded capacity for the longest period;
4. determination of the real volume, taking into account heat loss through isolation and from the marriage;
5. determination of the necessary power of the heat pump for heating;
6. Checking the power of the pump power to the period of maximum water.

Simplified approach

A simplified circuit can be used to calculate the heat pump power for cottages equipped with standard sanitary fixtures. One person may drink up to 25 liters (60 ° C) per day. The calculation of the feed temperature is based on the minimum volume. Consequently, the drive’s (general) volume in liters:

The amount of DHW that is needed at Tsoll (L):

Where vDP60 is the required DHW volume in liters at 60 °C.

Choosing a place and installation

Since every component in the combined heating system’s configuration contains metal, corrosion cannot occur, the collector must be installed in a dry location. Mounting the collector for heating next to the boiler makes sense because the assembly’s operation is based on the selection, distribution, and collection of coolant.

Leveling the wall where the cabinet will be placed is necessary to avoid having to do messy plastering later on. If a built-in node is to be installed, a hole in the wall that is the same size as the future cabinet must be cut and installed beforehand. Depending on the type of cabinet, there are two ways to install the outer node: either mount the box first and then manually collect the collector, or install the comb first and bring the contour circuits to it.

The steps to manually install the node are as follows:

1 Installing the pipeline; 2 Setting up a cabinet; 3 STOCE NOME; 4 SYSTEM CROVES.

The node needs to be closed in order to keep dirt out of the connection while more repairs are being made.

The calculation of the node

Prior to creating the node drawing, the number of heating contours—such as radiators, heated floors, and hot water for domestic use—must be determined. Every circuit contains the supply and return of coolant, a two-comb scheme, and calculated amounts for the output and entrance and exit pipes.

The next step is to sketch up a basic design for a comb. The idea behind determining the comb’s diameter is to apply a widely recognized formula (a 4-circuit node is used as an example):

D0 = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4, where

D0 is the comb’s pipe diameter.

Diameters of the dialing pipes’ cross sections are D1 through D4.

The recipe is both universal and can be used to make a collector by hand.

After that, the node’s final diagram is created, accurately indicating each group of pipelines and extra devices.

Installing a heating collector in a dedicated cabinet is advised. The cabinet’s functions include concealing the knot, blocking unwanted access, and allowing for unhindered room décor.

The cabinet model may be integrated or external. The width of the comb and the size of any additional devices (such as a hydraulic pump or hydraulic shootout) must be calculated based on the drawn drawing. Next, choose the comb’s location’s height, which will serve as the minimum cabinet height. Make sure to add up to 50 centimeters to the measured dimensions, and either select a cabinet based on these specifications or build it yourself.

Features of the radial scheme of collectors for heating

When a house has multiple floors or a building with a large number of rooms and utility rooms, the polypropylene heating collector scheme depicted in the photo can be deemed optimal.

You can greatly improve the structure’s performance if you install the heating collector in this case. As a result, it will be feasible to guarantee optimal heat transfer and greatly minimize heat loss. The collector is used to operate the heating option’s equipment, which is characterized by its simplicity and the existence of specific features. Also read: "."

Therefore, based on the connection scheme, the heating collector will be installed on each floor (there may be more than one floor occasionally), and pipes will already be made from it. The installation of the heating system’s components is typically done in the walls or cement screed, according to the instruction.

To avoid ruining the foundation for laying the flooring, the heating structure project and its branching should be completed before repair work is started.

A little more about vertical soil heat exchangers.

Since 1986, in Switzerland, near Zurich, studies of a system with vertical soil heat exchangers have been conducted [4]. A vertical soil heat exchanger of a coaxial type with a depth of 105 m was arranged in the ground array. This heat exchanger was used as a source of low -potential heat energy for the heat -bearing system installed in a single -apartment residential building. The vertical soil heat exchanger provided the peak power of about 70 watts per meter of length, which created a significant heat load on the surrounding soil massif. The annual heat energy production is about 13 MW • h.
at a distance of 0.5 and 1 m from the main well, two additional ones were drilled, in which at a depth of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 35, 50, 65, 85 and 105 m, temperature sensors were installed, after What the wells were filled with clay-cement mixture. The temperature was measured every thirty minutes. In addition to the temperature of the soil, other parameters were fixed: the speed of the coolant, energy consumption by the compressor drive temperature, etc. P.

The first observation period lasted from 1986 to 1991. The measurements showed that the effect of heat of outdoor air and solar radiation is observed in the surface layer of soil at a depth of up to 15 m. Below this level, the thermal regime of the soil is formed mainly due to the heat of the earth"s subsoil. During the first 2-3 years of operation, the temperature of the ground array surrounding the vertical heat exchanger decreased sharply, but every year the decrease in temperature decreased, and after a few years the system reached a mode close to the constant, when the temperature of the soil mass of the heat exchanger became lower than the initial one by 1 -2 ° C.

Ten years after the system was put into operation, in the fall of 1996, the measurements were carried out once more. The results of these measurements indicated that there hasn’t been much of a change in soil temperature. Subsequent years saw only slight variations in soil temperature, typically within 0.5 °C, contingent on the yearly heating load. Thus, after a few years of operation, the system entered the quasistacious mode.

The development of mathematical models of the processes occurring in a soil massif from the experimental data allowed for the creation of a long-term forecast for variations in the ground array’s temperature.

Mathematical modeling showed that the annual decrease in temperature will gradually decrease, and the volume of the ground array around the heat exchanger prone to lowering temperature will increase every year. At the end of the operation period, the regeneration process begins: the soil temperature begins to increase. The nature of the process of regeneration is similar to the nature of the process of “selection” of heat: in the first years of operation, a sharp increase in the temperature of the soil occurs, and in subsequent years the rate of temperature increase decreases. The duration of the “regeneration” period depends on the duration of the operation period. These two periods are approximately the same. In the case under consideration, the period of operation of the soil heat exchanger was thirty years old, and the period of “regeneration” is also estimated at thirty years

Thus, low-voltage heat from the Earth is used in building systems to provide both heat and cold, making it a dependable energy source that can be used anywhere. This source can be renewed at the conclusion of the operation period and used for a long enough duration.

Advantages of the radial heat supply system

When contrasting the radial system with its traditional counterparts (using either an industrial or homemade heating manifold), the following benefits become apparent:

• It is possible to perform hidden installation of various elements of equipment for the heat supply of the structure;
• There are no places of joints on the site where the heating collector is installed and up to heating radiators;
• simple work on installing the constituent elements, as a result of which the work can be done independently without the appropriate skills. In the process of installation, the number of connections is minimal and the assembly is performed as soon as possible;
• The stable operation of the system is due to the impossibility of hydraulic strokes, which is relevant for the owners who decided to install expensive heating devices;
• The rapid replacement of the elements that have become unusable, for example, pipelines, without complex installation work and destruction of the surface of the concrete screed. It will be enough to turn off the beam that needs to be repaired, and eliminate the defect that appears without disconnecting the heat supply system;
• affordable cost of equipment and components;
• simplified installation;
• The design of the system is carried out in the shortest possible time based on calculations of its parameters, including the calculation of the heating collector;
• compatibility with other sources of thermal energy, including alternative.

Solar collectors are often the focus of such a solution. While it is possible to use combs and this alternative form of heat, there are drawbacks that have been studied for more than a year (see "Distributive crest of the heating system – purpose and principle of operation").

Thus, we can conclude that, of all the heat supply designs currently available on the domestic market, the radiation wiring of the heating system using collectors can be regarded as the most highly productive, economical, and effective. From large structures to individual homes, all types of buildings employ a similar plan. Also read: "."

Regarding the autonomous setup of a heating collector in the video:

Choosing the correct diameter of the pipes

Disassembling the comb’s diameter calculation scheme is insufficient to gather an efficient hydropolitan. In order to maintain the system’s equilibrium, it is also essential to know the diameter of the pipes. The amount of water that can flow through the heating system in a given amount of time is known as the throughput, and it is determined by the inner diameter of the pipes.

It is thought that 1 kW of heat should be provided for every 10 m2 of space in order to maintain a comfortable temperature for the branch that extends from the collector. usually allows for a 20% buffer in the event of severe frosts; in other words, 1.2 kW is needed for every 10 meters. Given that the coolant should flow at a speed of between 0.4 and 0.7 m/s and at a temperature of 80 degrees, pipes with a cross section of roughly 10 mm are required for a room 20 m³. 110 liters of water will be used per hour by the hydraulic collector.

All of these figures are calculated using a complicated formula that is simpler to replace with a table. Knowing the desired thermal power of the system, you can quickly correlate the room size with the necessary pipeline size by using the table.

This is how the streamlined calculation scheme appears: D is equal to √354 ∙ (0.86 ∙ Q: ΔT): V.

• D is the diameter of the pipe in centimeters;
• Q – thermal heating power in kilowatts (1.2 kW for every 10 m2);
• Δt-the difference in temperature on the supply from the comb (80 degrees) and the return (usually 65-70 degrees);
• V-water speed in m/s (0.4-0.7 m/s with the best option).

It is important to note separately how much power the pump unit in the hydraulic collection needs. It causes the heating system’s water to circulate. It is based on the coefficient of throughput, which is expressed in m3/h and is dependent on both the water flow and pipe diameter.

Type and principle of work of the collector for heating

Generally speaking, the heating collector is a metal two-pipe comb with numerous conclusions to connect the appropriate device. One pipe controls the coolant supply, while the other handles the return flow collection.

The number of contours can affect how big the comb is. The main benefit is that in this scenario, extra pipes can be connected, the heating distribution collector can be enhanced, and sections for conclusions can be completed.

Counseling! It’s essential to first take the area for the hydraulic node with a "margin" so that you can update it manually. It will be helpful in the event that the system needs to be repaired. You must create a drawing during the design process that accounts for easy access to the comb.

Calculation of heat pump power

As of right now, Henk – 120n (380 volts), Henk – 320 (380 volts), and Henk – 120 Eco (220 volts) are the three heat pumps with different capacities.

Verify whether any pre-made Henk heat pumps are available near our phones.

Power calculation for geothermal heat pumps

Specialized phone for computation The heat pump’s power 8 (915) 131-55-77

I’ll only list the three heat pumps that are the weakest, medium, and most powerful so that you can get a sense of how the power of the heat pump compares to the size of the house.

Up to 1.7 kW of power was used at home with a 100–120 KV.m. Copaland ZR–28 compressor.

Copaland ZR-48 200kv.m-compressor (up to 3.4 kW)

Copaland ZR-81 300–330 kv.m-compressor (up to 4.8 kW)

In addition, the Copaland ZR-48 is an extreme compressor with a 220 volt winding (T) that can power a house up to 200 square meters if you have a single-phase network. There is a solution if your home is larger than 200 square meters but does not have three phases!

This problem is solved by using two compressors with spaced launches. One case houses both the spirals and the compressor engine. In light of this, the motor winding is cooled by the cold pairs of freon, so you can "load" the engine without fear of complications! To put it another way, you can use a lot of compressor power for things like heating hot water or abrupt cooling, and avoid using a reinstered heat pump to heat a house—that is, using it without a reserve. Siemens is shaken by compressor engines… without remark.

In cases where the power consumption is close to the selected electric power of the house (for example, if at a house of 200 kV. only 3 kW are allocated meters), you can supplement the heat pump with a priority relay, which will suspend the pump operation in favor of other “powerful” consumers (washing/dishwasher, microwave, oven).

Our heat pumps can be added using GSM blocks, which give you complete control over the pump. For instance, if you only spend the weekends in the country. Nevertheless, I don’t think it’s necessary. This option hasn’t been ordered yet.

Thermal pumps function entirely in automatic mode and have a long service life, independent of power.

Concerning the service’s lifespan!

I’ll use a personal experience as an example. It is very difficult to "kill" a spiral compressor in an industrial cold (with a good heat exchanger and electrical strapping, of course!). He overlooks mistakes made during installation, misaligning the refrigerator as a whole, etc. D…

The "Forestine" spiral compressor has a 10- to 15-year rejection period! Since he works in heating for six months, the heat pump will have a 20–30 year service life left in it!

Well-known manufacturers state as much as thirty years before changing the compressor (do not mislead: _)). The price of the "heart" is 15% of the heat pump replacement cost; in this instance, it is quick and easy.

It has been observed that when you are away from home, like when on vacation, the thermal pump can also warm your thoughts. The heating pump will outperform any safety heating systems, maintenance requirements, and "looking at it" when using comparatively low currents.

Such equipment requires simple, seasonal technical inspections and sporadic operating mode control as maintenance.

Speak with our experts to select the best heat pump power for your house without going over budget.

Calculation of the need for hydraulic

The necessity of European practice can be evaluated using a variety of methods. The calculation is done for the residential sector using DIN 4708, h. 2, which is the German construction standard. The consumer index N is calculated based on the number of individual cottages or apartments in an apartment building, the sanitary equipment in each unit, the number of residents, and the potential for simultaneous opening of the water clearance points. This indicator establishes the foundation for the object’s hot water supply design, in conjunction with the boiler’s performance and the NL drive’s output characteristic.

But keep in mind that, for instance, the NL of a hot water supply that uses thermal pumps is not the same as an indicator of traceable heating boilers.

The daily water consumption, maximum (peak) consumption, potential losses, and thermal performance of the chosen heat pump for heating modes and hydraulic devices are therefore the most crucial factors to consider first. The ability to prepare hot water powerfully should guarantee that it takes precedence over the heating system.

To determine the full load of heat supply, it is necessary, first of all, to calculate the heating load. After that, the real load is determined during the period of the maximum water clearance, taking into account the simultaneous opening of the water selection points. For the European consumer, these norms are represented in EN 15450, chapter E, on the example of a family of three people. Given the maximum load load, the peak performance of the heat generator is determined and the maximum volume of the accumulative capacity. The indicator of the daily need for hot water supply per 1 person equal 1.45 kWh is approximately set. When calculating the supply temperature of 60 ° C, this corresponds to 25 liters per person daily. The water discharge depends on the needs for which hot water is consumed (table. 1), as well as the time of day (table. 2).

The power of the preparation of hot water should ensure the priority of the hot water in front of the heating regime. To determine the full load of heat supply, it is necessary, first of all, to calculate the heating load. After that, the real load is determined during the period of the maximum water clearance, taking into account the simultaneous opening of the water selection points. For the European consumer, these norms are represented in EN 15450, chapter E, on the example of a family of three people. Given the maximum load load, the peak performance of the heat generator is determined and the maximum volume of the accumulative capacity. The indicator of the daily need for hot water supply per 1 person equal 1.45 kWh is approximately set. When calculating the supply temperature of 60 ° C, this corresponds to 25 liters per person daily. The water discharge depends on the needs for which hot water is consumed (table. 1), as well as the time of day (table. 2).

Table 1 shows the ratio of DHW costs (per EN 15450).

Table 2: Average usage for a single family (100 liters at 60 °C without a bath)

Advantages of heat pumps and the appropriateness of their installation

The primary benefit of heat pumps is the economy of heating, as advertised. Everything functions in exactly that way, at least in part. Heating costs can be lowered by roughly 70–80% if the heat pump is equipped with an energy selection environment that offers the best temperature indicators and an effective installation process. Still, there are situations in which investing in a heating pump is illogical.

The following technological attributes influence the heat pump’s effectiveness:

• parameter of the boundary limit of a temperature decrease in a working body;
• The minimum difference in the temperatures of the external exchanger and the environment, in which heat selection is extremely small;
• energy consumption and returns of useful thermal power.

The effectiveness of using a heat pump is dependent on a number of variables.

1. Territories where such equipment does not show good results – regions with frosty winters and low average daily temperatures. In this case, the heat pump is simply not able to select enough heat from the environment, approaching the zone of zero efficiency. First of all, this applies to air-to-air systems.
2. With the growth of the volumes of heated space, the technological parameters of the heat pump increase almost in geometric progression. The heat exchangers become more overall, the size and number of immersion probes in water or the Earth increase. At a certain point, the cost of a heating pump for heating, the necessary expenses for its installation and maintenance, as well as payment for the consumed capacity become simply irrational investments. It is much cheaper to create a classic gas circuit with a boiler.
3. The more complicated the system, the more expensive and It is more problematic to repair it in case of breakdown. This is a negative addition to the size of the heated area and the characteristics of the climatic zone.

Counseling! In general, there are very few circumstances in which a heat pump used as the primary source of heat for the house could be justified. Utilizing the complex support system is always reasonable. Here, the owner’s financial resources and available energy sources are the only factors limiting the number of possible combinations.

The classic combination is a gas/solid fuel boiler and heat pump. The basic concept is this: combustion products from fuel are released into a large pipe. It holds the heat pump’s exchanger. Storage bins and an indirect heating boiler are installed in the heating and hot water supply system. When the distribution network’s liquid temperature drops, the boiler and pump are turned on simultaneously. When they work in pairs, they nearly entirely eliminate the energy used in fuel combustion, exhibiting performance indicators that are nearly at maximum.

The system for adapting to environmental conditions is based on any class of thermal pump, fan block, and heat gun. The heat pump functions normally when the outside air temperature is high enough (up to 5 to 10 degrees Celsius), giving enough heat power return. The system’s external heat exchanger is placed in a different ventilation channel, which is an unusual design feature. A heat gun (gas, electric, or diesel) heats the supplied air when the outside temperature falls below the ideal level.

It is particularly important to note that most circuits that allow the heating pump to adjust to changes in air temperature or stabilize its operating parameters are used in air-air and air class devices. Some systems do not permit the creation of such "greenhouse" working conditions because of the external heat exchangers that are isolated in the ground or water.

Which tt is better to collect

We lay out the assignment as follows: you must construct a DIY heat pump at the lowest possible cost. Thus, several logical inferences can be drawn:

1. The installation will have to use a minimum of expensive parts, so it will not be possible to achieve a high COP value. According to the performance coefficient, our device will lose to factory models.
2. Accordingly, making purely air tt is pointless, it is easier to use in heating mode.
3. To get real benefits, you need to make the thermal pump “Air-Water”, “Water-water” or build a geothermal installation. In the first case, you can get COP about 2-2.2, in the rest – reach the indicator 3-3.5.
4. Western heating contours cannot be dispensed with. The coolant heated to 30-35 degrees is incompatible with the radiator network, unless in the southern regions.

Aligning the TN’s exterior contour with the reservoir

Remark. According to the manufacturers, an inverter split system can operate in a street temperature range of -15 to 30 °C. In actuality, there is a noticeable decrease in heating efficiency. Homeowners claim that a barely warm air flow supplies the inner block on chilly days.

A few requirements must be met in order to implement the water version (to choose):

• a reservoir 25-50 m from the dwelling, at a greater distance, the consumption of electricity will greatly increase due to a powerful circulation pump;
• a deck or a well with a sufficient margin (debit) of water and a place for draining (shurf, second well, sewage, sewage);
• assembly sewer collector (if you are allowed to crash there).

Calculating groundwater consumption is simple. A homemade TN will reduce the temperature by 4–5 °C during the heat selection process; therefore, the water’s heat capacity is used to calculate the duct’s volume. In order to obtain 1 kW of heat (based on a water temperature of 5 degrees), approximately 170 liters must be driven through Tennessee for an hour.

An impressive volume of 1.7 tons of water per hour and a capacity of 10 kW are needed for the heating of a 100 m² house. A comparable thermal water pump will be constructed for a 30- to 40-square-meter summer home that is ideally insulated.

Techniques for choosing heat using geothermal technology

The geothermal system assembly is a labor-intensive process, but it is more realistic. If the pipe is laid out horizontally in a 1.5-meter-deep area, we receive a reset right away. You will either need to shovel the entire site or pay for the services of earthmoving equipment. Punching wells is a much simpler and less expensive method that almost completely preserves the natural landscape.

What is a heat pump, the scope of its use

A heat pump is defined technically as a device that transfers energy from one area to another while simultaneously increasing the efficiency of that transfer. It is simple to illustrate such a mechanics. Picture a hot glass and a bucket of cold water. From a certain heat mark, the same amount of energy is used for their heating. But the way it’s applied has a different efficacy. You can almost boil the liquid in a glass if you simultaneously lower the temperature of the water bucket by one degree using thermal energy.

Such mechanics underpin the operation of the heat pump, which can be used to fully guarantee a country home’s heating or to heat a sink. In most cases, the installation can withstand heat transfer from one area to another. There are numerous ways to make use of this technology.

1. With certain indicators of the heat pump power Heating at home becomes inexpensive and effective.
2. Easy to do DIS with heat pump, Using secondary heating boilers.
3. With certain efforts and proper design, it is accessible to create a fully Autonomous heating system, solar batteries.
4. Most models of heat pumps are an acceptable option For a warm floor, used as a heating contour.

You must first properly set the task in front of the system before you can select and buy it. And only after outlining power requirements and assessing each type of thermal boiler’s acceptability in order to meet every need.

Calculation of the heat pump

The first step in designing the system yourself is to calculate the necessary thermal energy requirements (hot water supplies for the home can also be guaranteed by pumps) as well as potential losses. The following operations make up the calculation algorithm.

1. The area of the heated room is calculated.
2. Based on the obtained values, the total amount of energy necessary for heating based on the calculation of 70 – 100 watts per square meter is determined. The parameter depends on the height of the ceilings, the material of the manufacture and the degree of thermal conductivity of the house.
3. When ensuring hot water supply, the resulting value is increased by 15 – 20 %.
4. Based on the resulting power, the compressor is selected, the main components of the system are calculated and designed: a pipeline line, evaporator, capacitor, electric pump and other nodes.

Heating circuit of a private house using a heat pump

The best plan for using a heating pump to heat a home is to use an accumulation tank. This is how it appears:

The issue of controlling the inflow of heat flows is resolved because blocks 1 and 2 are shut-off valves in this instance. They may indicate automated thermal drives or manual flow overlap. Block 3 is the general sensor system or thermostat.

The following principle governs how heating functions:

• The heat pump selects the heat of the environment and heats the water;
• The liquid enters either the heat exchanger of the secondary heating of the accumulative container, or circulates in a single circuit;
• The heating system is built according to the classical principle, the water current in it is provided by a circular pump.

The minimal equipment for the house is represented by the scheme in the figure. You can easily add to it. Specifically, nobody bothered Utilize the secondary fluid heating principle and install two containers. Hot water is supplied by one of them, a boiler with a heat pump installed right at the latter’s output. Additionally, the issue of supplying coolant to the heating system is resolved by a larger tank.

The choice functions flawlessly. Warm floor system, heat pump, and accumulative capacity for home heating. It is not necessary to heat the liquid to a high temperature in this instance. A floor that is between thirty and forty degrees is ideal for an indicator. The heating scheme is the same as the one that has already been provided, but water enters the collector node with its own stream adjustment in place of radiators.

Comparison of current heating costs for the population as of August 2008

• Moldova
  Tariffs: 1000 m. cube. gas – $ 300. USA
  1 kW.h. electricity – 0.1 dollars. USA
  For ordinary cast -iron floor boiler with efficiency = 0.82 out of 1000 m. cube. We get gas:
  1000 * 9.1 kW.h. m. cube. * 0.82 = 7462 kW.h. heat
  For a super -modern condensation boiler with efficiency = 1.05 – 9555 kW.h. heat.
  To obtain the same amount of heat using an average universal TN in the first case:
  [ / NoEDIT] 7462 / 4.5 = 1658 kW.h. electricity worth $ 166.
  in the second:
  [ / NoEDIT] 9555 / 4.5 = 2123 kW.h., worth 212 dollars.
  REPARATION OF costs compared to the cost of gas (300 dollars.) respectively:
  [ / NoEDIT] (300 – 166) / 300 – 45%
  [ / NoEDIT] (300 – 212) / 300 – 29%
• USA (Vermont)
  1000 m. cube. – 350 dollars.
  1 kW.h. electricity – 0.12 dollars.
  SAVELLY 27–43%.
• Belarus
  1000 m. cube. – 141,600 rubles. = 66 dollars.
  1 kW.h. electricity – 74.7 rubles. = 0.0349 dollars.
  This is if you use the approved 2007. In many countries, tariffs differentiated by time, t.e. Disconnect TN during periods of maximum loads of the energy system from 8.00 to 11.00 and from 19.00 to 22.00, which is real using heat batteries. Saving compared to a conventional gas boiler – up to 12%. But this is today. The situation when gas is sold at $ 200-230 cannot last long. Something like this will probably be introduced in Moldova.

Calculation of the probe

Vertical wells that range in depth from 20 to 100 meters are used, and U-shaped plastic pipes starting at 32 mm are submerged in them. Typically, a pouring suspension solution is poured into one well to accommodate two loops. Such a probe’s specific heat can be estimated to be 50 W/m.P. on average. Additionally, pay attention to the following heat data:

• Dry sedimentary rocks – 20 W/m;
• rocky soil and sedimentary rocks saturated with water – 50 W/m;
• Stone rocks with high thermal conductivity – 70 W/m;
• Underground waters – 80 W/m.

At a depth of more than 15 m, the soil temperature is consistently around +9 °C. There should be more than five meters separating each well. When subterranean currents are present, wells ought to be situated on a line that is perpendicular to the stream. Pressure losses are taken into account when choosing the pipe diameters necessary to achieve the required coolant flow rate. It is possible to calculate the fluid consumption for t = 5 °C. An illustration of a calculation.

The starting data is the same as the horizontal collector calculation shown above. Given a precise heating rate of 50 W/m and a power requirement of 11.28 kW, the probe’s length L should be 225 m. Drilling three 75-meter-deep wells is required for the collector’s device. Two loops measuring 32 by 3 are placed in each of them, for a total of six 150 m contours.

At t = 5 °C, the coolant will have a total flow rate of 2.1 m3/h, with a 0.35 m3/h consumption through a single circuit. The contours will have the following hydraulic properties: circuit resistance of 14.4 kPa; stream speed of 0.3 m/s; pressure losses in the pipe of 96 p/m (coolant: 25 percent ethylene glycol solution).

An intelligent and effective way to improve your home’s heating system is to install a heating collector. You can more efficiently and evenly distribute heat throughout your living area by using a collector. You and your family will enjoy a more comfortable home as a result of fewer cold spots.

It is important to take into account multiple factors when determining the collector’s size and capacity, including your home’s dimensions, the kind of heating system you have, and your heating requirements. Accurate computations guarantee that the collector meets your needs without being excessively big or small, enhancing its effectiveness and performance.

To guarantee optimal performance, the collector should be installed with precision and care. When installing something, it’s best to get professional advice or adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions. In addition to guaranteeing the collector operates effectively, proper installation also prolongs its lifespan, ultimately saving you money.

Remember that the comfort and energy efficiency of your home can be greatly improved by a well-designed and installed heating collector. It’s an investment that pays for itself by lowering energy costs and ensuring reliable warmth during the winter. Therefore, to enjoy a more comfortable and economical heating solution, think about adding a collector to your heating system if you’re looking to upgrade.

Video on the topic

A collector of a warm floor. Placement of the collector in the house.