Brick size

Selecting the appropriate brick size is essential for both heating and insulating your house. Bricks are more than just building materials; they also have a big impact on a home’s overall energy efficiency and thermal performance. The size of the bricks used can affect everything from architectural aesthetics to insulating capabilities in both traditional and modern construction.

The amount of heat that can pass through walls is determined by their thermal conductivity, which is influenced by brick size. Since larger bricks often have lower thermal conductivity, they act as better insulators and can help keep the interior of the house at a comfortable temperature, lowering the need for excessive heating or cooling. Conversely, smaller bricks might allow for greater design and construction flexibility, but their insulating qualities might suffer.

Both builders and homeowners should be aware of the different brick sizes that are on the market. Common brick sizes include jumbo or oversized bricks as well as standard modular bricks, each with special benefits and things to keep in mind. Brick sizes vary depending on a project’s needs and considerations like local climate, building codes, architectural style, and individual preferences.

The size of bricks used in a building goes hand in hand with other building materials and techniques in terms of insulation and heating. To maximize the energy efficiency of a brick-built home, proper installation techniques are crucial, including the use of high-quality mortar and making sure that sufficient sealing is done. Regardless of the size of the bricks, using contemporary insulation materials and methods can also improve the walls’ thermal performance.

In the end, choosing brick size requires striking a balance between a number of variables in order to attain the ideal ratio of energy efficiency, functionality, and aesthetics. Through comprehension of the effects that varying brick sizes have on insulation and heating, homeowners can make well-informed decisions that enhance the comfort, sustainability, and economy of their living space.

Solid and hollow bricks

Generally speaking, lightweight wall structures and partitions are installed using hollow elements.

It is almost impossible for full-body products to have voids. In a product like this, the maximum permitted pore volume shouldn’t be greater than 13% of the total volume. Its strength will be significantly less than that of its hollow counterpart. For this reason, masonry of load-bearing building structures (walls, columns, and foundations) is the primary application for full-body products.

These products have voids that make up 13–40% of the product’s total volume. Both closed and through voids are possible. They can also be round or oblong in shape. Customers can occasionally customize the shape of the cavities to deviate from the standard arrangement.

For lightweight wall structures and partitions made of masonry, hollow elements are typically utilized. This substance can also be used as a filler for walls in multi-story frame buildings.

Red brick

Red ceramic brick is the wall material most commonly used.

Red ceramic brick is the walling material most commonly used. Red clay is used to make the stone by firing pressed billets in a kiln. Each of them can be categorized into multiple types based on distinct attributes. The dimensions of red bricks may vary based on this. Decide between the following varieties of red clay stones, then:

1. The size of red brick can be as follows:
2. double;
3. single;
4. one-and-a-half.

1. Depending on the filling there are the following types of red brick standard:
2. hollow
3. full-body.

1. Depending on the purpose of use of standard red bricks, the following types are distinguished:
2. face;
3. row brick;
4. fireclay or kiln brick;
5. clinker.

Single

A single brick measures 250 mm by 120 mm by 65 mm.

The dimensions of the typical red brick were established in the early 1900s. These guidelines were finally approved in 1927. Thus, a single brick measures 250 mm by 120 mm by 65 mm. The diversity of all brick constructions of these sizes is taken into consideration when designing and building brick houses. However, the joint’s 10 mm width must be taken into consideration.

One and a half

A one-and-a-half brick’s thickness, or its size, is 1.35 times larger than its single counterpart’s (88 mm)

In spite of this moniker, a one-and-a-half brick’s thickness, or its size, is 1.35 times greater than that of a single brick (88 mm). This type of stone was created during the building industry’s industrialization process. The speed at which the house’s walls are constructed can be greatly accelerated by using more components.

These products come in two varieties: full-body and hollow. A hollow half-and-half facing material’s weight can range from 3-3.3 kg, while the full-body counterpart weighs 4-4.3 kg.

Double

When considering the dimensions of regular bricks, the double stone’s thickness increases by 2.1 times, or 138 mm.

The thickness of the double stone is 2.1 times greater (138 mm) when the size of the regular brick is taken into consideration. The process of intensifying construction production is linked to the emergence of this element. When a red full-body brick and a double product are weighed side by side, the double product should weigh nearly twice as much (7.2 kg). Because it’s quite hard to lay a stone weighing 7.2 kg, double bricks, whose dimensions are not insignificant, are practically never made full-body.

Parameters of bricks of different types

Standard-sized products (GOST designation 1NF) are thought to be the most sensible when it comes to the application of masonry self-supporting walls, considering the dressing’s thickness. The following side values are present in a bar with a standard appearance and shape:

• the bar has a length (spoon surface) of 250 mm;
• width (pumper surface) 120 mm;
• height (thickness) 65 mm.

There are 512 silicate bars of standard form in one cubic meter of masonry. A hollow bar weighs 2.1 kg, while a full-body bar weighs 3.6 kg.

Values greater than standard

For masonry, half-size stones (1.4NF) are employed to expedite the process. The component product is a bar that measures 250 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 88 mm in height. A finished masonry space of 1 m³ can accommodate 378 one-and-a-half-piece units. A hollow bar weighs 4.3 kg, while a one and a half full-body bar weighs 4.9 kg.

The use of double bricks (2.1NF) permits the fastest possible masonry work. This silicate bar is 250 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 138 mm in height. Its volume is equivalent to two bars of standard form, and one cubic meter of masonry composed of it has 256 double stones in it. The weight of a hollow bar is 6.7 kg, and that of a full-body bar is 7.7 kg.

Specialized types of products

The following categories of bricks are less common:

• Euro (0.7NF) with length equal to 250, width 85, height 65 (mm);
• modular single (1,3NF) with dimensions l = 288, d = 138, h = 65 (mm);
• ¾ size of normal shape, where l = 180 mm;
• ½ NF with a length of 120 mm;
• ¼ NF – length 60 mm.

Masonry arches and vaults are constructed with wedge-shaped products. The following varieties are available from them:

• end wedge III-22 with dimensions 230x114x65/55 and wedge III-23 with dimensions l = 230, d = 114, h = 65/45 (mm);
• rib wedge III-44 and III-45 of similar dimensions.

The dimensions of stone building structures are invariably multiples of the brick bar’s width (120 mm) plus the masonry joints’ width. It should be mentioned that the walls are brick, half-brick, etc. when discussing their thickness. That is in line with the product’s length of 250 mm. Small variations in length, width, and height (±5, ±4, ±3 mm) are permitted in the bar dimensions; these are related to the silicate mixture’s shrinkage process during material production. The quality and longevity of construction are determined by the use of standard-sized bricks in the building process.

The majority of builders are only familiar with the two types of bricks: red (clay) and white (silicate), and very few of them can explain how these two types differ from one another. Indeed, these bricks are identical in terms of shape and size, with the appearance of color being the only difference, but this is untrue. White and red bricks have different properties because white bricks are made of sand and lime and red bricks are made of clay. White silicate bricks come in three standard sizes.

Because of the basic principles of autoclave synthesis, white, silicate brick appeared much later than red brick. After pressing the raw material mixture of lime and sand to give the brick the required shape, the molds containing the bricks are heated to high pressure and steam in autoclaves. Different pigments are added to the mixture to give bricks unique characteristics and color.

White silicate bricks can be made full-bodied or with voids, depending on the intended application. Because the material is lighter in the latter instance, the foundation is under less pressure. White hollow bricks are less thermally conductive as well.

White silicate bricks come in three different types: standard (minimum dimensions), one and a half (maximum dimensions), and double. The most common varieties of white silicate bricks are standard and one and a half; their measurements in centimeters are as follows:

Typical (single): 25 x 12 x 6.5 cm;

The dimensions of 25 x 12 x 8 cm, or a half-white brick;

The double white brick measures 25 by 12 by 13.8 cm.

These two kinds of bricks can both have voids or be solid. The voids in hollow white bricks can either be non-hollow or completely penetrate the material; they are positioned perpendicular to the bedding.

Characteristics

Use silicate base, which is made from lime, silica sand, and a tiny quantity of modifying additives, to manufacture white goods. This composition makes it possible to conclude that white bricks’ primary benefit is their environmental friendliness.

The product that is being presented also has outstanding noise-insulating qualities, making it suitable for use in wall construction. Silicate is superior to ceramic in many aspects. Everything can be attributed to silicate bricks’ advantageous qualities, which are as follows:

• high strength and frost resistance;
• unpretentiousness;
• high reliability;
• wide range and types of coloring.

This article specifies the weight of a single full-body brick.

But, white has drawbacks just like any other material. For instance, its heat and water resistance are lower than those of a ceramic product. Because of this, building structures that are frequently exposed to water and high temperatures should not be built using silicate material.

The dimensions of white bricks are described in the video:

This article can teach you about the dimensions of individual bricks.

Both full-body and hollow are actively employed in the construction industry. High thermal insulation qualities and low thermal energy dissipation characterize hollow materials. Its primary application is in structures to lessen the pressure force on the foundation.

Within certain bounds, the quantity of voids may fluctuate. Since material of class 14, which has a hollowness of 30%, has a higher thermal conductivity, it can be used for stove and fireplace installation.

You can find out the facing brick’s dimensions from the article.

It is now worthwhile to discuss this material’s dimensions. Each type of building material has unique qualities, most commonly strength and quality. However, when selecting white, the product’s dimensions play a crucial role, as they determine whether it is categorized as a single, one and a half, or double brick. We’ll talk about each type’s characteristics later, but for now, let’s just know which geometric sizes are common.

You can find out what temperature is suitable for bricklaying from this article.

The standard size for one and a half is still 250 x 120 x 88 mm. The product that is being offered requires less labor because it only takes 378 pieces to lay 1 m3. However, the number will be 512 if only one stone is used in the masonry.

The dimensions of the euro product are 250x85x65 mm, while the dimensions of the single module are 288x138x65 mm. The following dimensions appear much simpler, but it’s not always possible to memorize the ones shown.

You can find out exactly how many bricks there are in a square meter by reading this article.

This represents ½, ¾ ¼ of a typical brick shape:

1. Three-fourths of the product – 180 mm.
2. One second stone – 120 mm.
3. One fourth – 60 mm.

Use of wedge-shaped white brick is required if the arrangement of arches and vaults is to be carried out. Its measurements can go up to:

• end wedge: 230х114х65/55 (Ш-22), 230х114х65/45 (Ш-23);
• rib wedge: 230x114x65/55 (W-44), 230x114x65/45 (W-45).

Dimensions of building materials in a cube

Before proceeding to this or that construction work, it should be borne in mind that the cube of bricklaying is a parameter of the length of the wall structure multiplied by its thickness and height. When making such calculations on your own, the hardest thing to figure out is how thick the masonry is when it is blocked on both sides. Basically, when calculating the cubes of silicate masonry, the width parameter of 51 cm is taken (such a masonry is considered the most common – in 2 bricks). Therefore, when calculating the brickwork in square or cubic meters, it is absolutely necessary to find out what specific type of masonry is planned to be used.

The following figures can be obtained by calculating the typical usage of various-sized silicate bricks in a cube or square meter:

• in a cubic meter of masonry will contain 394 bricks, if you take into account the mortar joints (without taking into account the joints – 512 pieces);
• One and a half bricks in one cubic meter of masonry is 302 pieces, taking into account mortar joints (if you do not take into account the joints – 378 pieces);
• double brick blocks in one cubic meter of masonry will be 200 pieces including seams (without seams – 242 pieces).

Advantages and disadvantages

Building a home out of silicate stone will provide exceptional noise insulation from the street.

It is advisable to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of silicate bricks before making a purchase. Thus, the benefits of this product can be ascribed to the following:

1. The cost of silicate bricks is lower than its ceramic counterpart. As a result, the estimated cost of construction work will be less, which will allow you to save money on the construction of the house. If the size of the bricks is increased, you can accelerate the construction time as well.
2. Correct and accurate dimensions of the element. Since the stone has virtually no shrinkage, the overall dimensions of the elements in any batch strictly comply with the norms. Moreover, during transportation, the faces and surfaces of the stone are not damaged, but remain as smooth and clear, without chips and cracks. As a result, the laying of the stone is easier and faster, also reduces the consumption of construction mixture.
3. Due to the high strength of the material is able to withstand not only the weight of silicate bricks in the wall, but also the load from other structural elements of the house. That is why from this material it is possible to mount load-bearing structures of the house. Unlike aerated concrete, silicate blocks do not need additional reinforcement.
4. If you make a house of silicate stone, you will get an excellent degree of insulation from street noise, because the noise insulation characteristics of the material are high due to its dense structure.

Nevertheless, there are several drawbacks to this material that restrict its application:

1. Silicate has a high hygroscopicity, so it can not be used for the construction of foundations, bathhouses, and the outer walls of the house must necessarily be treated with moisture-protective compositions or faced with moisture-resistant finishing materials.
2. Poor tolerance of high temperatures, so you can not build fireplaces and stoves from this material.
3. High thermal conductivity. The walls of a house made of full-body half-and-half silicate bricks need to be additionally insulated. Hollow silicate has a lower thermal conductivity, but its load-bearing capacity is lower.

Russian Euroformat

Adopted are Russian norms for Euroformat 0,5nf, 0,7nf, and 0,9nf, which deviate from EU guidelines. The development of small-piece products was done with the intention of producing affordable masonry. The length of the euro and single formats is the same; the widths differ slightly. The advantage of using it is this. Bricks that are 0.7nf require 3 m2 less than 1nf for the facing of the house. Masonry has a 30% economy while maintaining the same strength and resistance to frost.

Single brick and one-and-a-half bricks: what"s taken as a benchmark

In construction, brick 1nf is used as a reference. Next types and models are developed based on the parameters. In order to expedite construction, the USSR introduced thickened 1.4nf bricks in the 1930s. A cubic meter typically contains 378 pieces. Building construction is now more affordable due to the production of one-and-a-half format products, whose heights are equal for both 1nf and 1.4nf products. The cost is the same as a single or marginally more, and labor costs for construction in general are decreased because of the speed at which masonry works.

How to choose the right brick

Row bricks are made for masonry, but they require plastering once the building is complete. To help it stick to the plaster mortar better, it can have a geometric pattern. The majority of face bricks have hollow faces with flat, smooth surfaces. Building bricks have dimensions of 250 x 120 x 65 mm, while facing bricks come in a variety of colors, sizes, and even patterns in relief.

Knowing why you are purchasing bricks is crucial when making this purchase. If not, you might be tempted by the beauty and decide to install facing bricks on every wall, which would cost a lot of money. The amount of clay that goes into making a brick determines its color. Red-burning is most frequently observed, and it actually gives off a red hue. White clays that yield white, apricot, or yellow bricks are less common. Occasionally, different pigments are added to the raw material, specifically to give it a brown hue.

When face and row bricks are used

Bricklaying plan for a row.

Face bricks and row bricks are the two types of silicate that are manufactured under tight supervision. They are made in compliance with this standard’s requirements and the technological guidelines that have been authorized by the company that produces silicate.

When building load-bearing walls and partitions, row silicate is utilized because the wall’s working surface will eventually be covered in a layer of plaster or other construction adhesive. Soundproofing can be accomplished with regular single bricks measuring 250 x 120 x 65 mm, as this material does not effectively conduct sound waves.

A ceremonial finishing product is face brick. It is not like the regular one in that it has even color, flawlessly smooth surfaces, sharp ribs that don’t chip, and no stains. The product’s ribs are straight and its edge surfaces are flawlessly flat. The customer has the option to produce products with front side rounded vertical ribs that have a maximum radius of 6 mm. It is capable of having both a pumping and a spoon-shaped face surface. If there is a single order, it is permissible to produce goods with a single face that are any size.

Roughness, cracks, chipped corners, broken ribs, and other surface damage on the face are not permitted. The finished brick must not exhibit surface bloating and flaking, volume increase, size irregularities, or a grid of tiny cracks.

Brick layout on the face.

Face bricks, the size of which can be chosen based on personal desires, are used for exterior decoration of the building. As a rule, it is a single brick, with dimensions 250x120x65 mm. For colored types of face bricks can be produced products of one and a half size 250×120×88 mm. In terms of texture its surfaces can be smooth, "chipped", relief. The manufacturer can produce to order a batch with a decorative coating, which is used to finish window openings and recreate the design idea. Such products can have a deep relief of the face surface, imitating natural stone, and when facing the building walls will acquire an original look.

Compared to ceramic bricks, silicate bricks have higher thermal insulation values. Therefore, silicate, which comes in a variety of colors and shades, is the better option when facing the house. By using face silicate bricks, the customer receives a beautifully finished, warm building.

Main characteristics and composition

High-quality silicate bricks should possess several functional qualities that enable their application in various construction projects. This building material falls into a different category. Products with the same dimensions but an unusual shape—far from parallelepiped—are included. These components can be used to create a wide variety of intriguing architectural structures.

Non-standard bricks can be used to create a variety of architectural features, such as vaults, neatly rounded corners, or magnificent and rich arches. These parts’ dimensions are established by TU and GOST annexures. The properties of silicate bricks that are controlled by GOST points are listed below.

• Strength level. Produce materials with the marking M75-M300. For the preparation of internal walls it is customary to use any bricks with a suitable density level. As for facing works – here only bricks with a marking not lower than M125 or stone (double brick) of a mark not lower than M100 are suitable.
• Frost resistance level. Silicate bricks of the following grades are created – F25-F50. This means that building materials of different classes can withstand from 25 to 50 cycles of freezing and thawing without losing their useful qualities.
• Thermal conductivity. This implies a certain amount of heat that can let through such a brick per unit of time. Silicate bricks do not have the highest indicator.
• Fire safety. This parameter depends on the direct composition of the brick. It should not contain combustible components.
• Radioactivity. This parameter in silicate bricks does not go beyond the mark of 370 Bq/kg.

Regarding these products’ composition, it is the same for every brick subspecies. Typically, it consists of the following elements:

• quartz sand (80-90%);
• slaked lime (10-15%);
• filtered sand.

However, in this case, the composition of such raw materials can differ, influencing its unique properties. The following structures are found in various silicate brick types.

Entire body. There are no voids in this monolithic silicate product. Additionally, the density of the raw material may be impacted by the number of pores present in it. Variants of full-body bricks are stronger and denser. Furthermore, they have a minimum level of water absorption and a comparatively long service life. It should be remembered, though, that full-body bricks have the maximum weight and the highest coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Additionally, keep in mind that there are differences in requirements between facing and ordinary silicate bricks; the highest requirements are associated with the second option. These components have to be precisely the right size, consistently colored, and strong enough. The spoon and pumpkin face surfaces of these bricks should both be flawlessly smooth. Certain manufacturers create products with a single designated surface.

Internal wall bases are constructed with row bricks. In this case, the products are subject to minimal requirements. Ribs and bases could be rounded. Flaking or chipping is also acceptable. Defects shouldn’t, however, be excessively numerous or interfere with the materials’ strength or dependability. The full-body or hollow form of the ordinary subspecies brick is also available. For obvious reasons, it is not produced in colored or textured forms.

Characteristics and size of silicate bricks

The most widely used building material in Russia is white silicate brick, which is used to construct walls for a variety of buildings, including homes, offices, garages, and industrial spaces.

Its production requires additives, lime, and quartz sand as raw materials. Dry pressing at high pressure and temperature imparts shape. It retains heat well and is a great sound-absorbing material. It is extremely strong, resistant to frost, and long-lasting, maintaining the aesthetic appeal of homes built of it. Experts believe that the primary drawback of this type of building material is that it does not have as high of a moisture resistance, for instance, when compared to ceramic (red) bricks. This is the reason it should only be used for building walls and is not appropriate for building foundations. Additionally, avoid using it to install pipes, suspended structures, stoves, or fireplaces.

The silicate brick’s size is one of the material’s primary features. Three different types of bricks are used today, each different in this regard. This is a single full-body silicate brick, measuring 250 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 65 mm in height. Only full-body, longitudinally transverse masonry is present. All of these building materials were initially only available in this size; later, items with different measurements were introduced.

Apart from the single variety, there is also the one and a half variety. This type of silicate brick measures 250 millimeters in length, 120 millimeters in width, and 88 millimeters in height. It is hollow, porous, and full-body. This is the most popular kind of brick available right now.

And double is the third kind. The silicate brick double measures 250 millimeters in length, 120 millimeters in width, and 103 millimeters in height. Double brick is merely porous and hollow; it is not full-body. For lightweight masonry, it is employed.

Strength is regarded as one of the silicate brick’s key features. Make a variety of products that are graded in order to assess this quality.

The letter "M" stands for the mark, and the number next to it indicates the strength level. M-125 brick, for instance, is capable of supporting a load of 125 kg per square centimeter. The M-150 and M-200 bricks are stronger than the others.

Frost resistance is based on the F value, which ranges from F-25 to F-35, and so forth. The number of freezes and thaws that the brick can tolerate is indicated by the number next to the letter.

This material is further distinguished by its intended use. There are facing bricks and special purpose bricks in addition to building bricks. Building brick dimensions and ornamental silicate brick dimensions are the same. The finishing type must have the right shape and have flawlessly even edges and surfaces. Face bricks can be textured (having a relief surface), glazed (colored), or shaped (having a different shape).

Special purpose bricks include bricks that are acid-proof, fireproof, and other types. Special purpose silicate bricks come in standard sizes.

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Brick Size	Standard Dimensions
Regular Brick	8 inches long, 4 inches wide, 2.25 inches tall
Jumbo Brick	12 inches long, 6 inches wide, 3 inches tall

Selecting the appropriate brick size is essential for both heating and insulating your home. Even though it might not seem like much, the size of the bricks can have a big impact on how effective and efficient the insulation in your home is overall.

Thermal performance is one of the main factors to be taken into account when choosing brick size. Larger bricks generally have better thermal properties, as they provide more mass to absorb and retain heat. Over time, this may lead to better insulation and lower energy bills.

But it’s crucial to strike a balance between usefulness and aesthetics and thermal performance. Particularly in confined spaces or areas with irregular shapes, smaller bricks might be simpler to handle and install. They also provide greater design flexibility, enabling the use of elaborate patterns and details.

Cost is an additional consideration. Larger bricks usually cost more to produce and install because they require more labor and materials. This can increase the project’s overall cost. However, smaller bricks might be more affordable and still offer sufficient insulation.

The ideal brick size for your home will ultimately depend on your needs, tastes, and financial situation. It’s critical to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of various sizes, and if in doubt, seek professional advice. You can make sure that your house is adequately heated and insulated for many years to come by making an informed choice.

Selecting the appropriate brick size for your home’s insulation and heating system is essential for maximum effectiveness and efficiency. The size of your bricks affects how well your walls retain heat in the winter and cool down in the summer. Because there are fewer mortar joints in larger bricks, heat loss is typically reduced and energy efficiency is increased. On the other hand, smaller bricks might offer more complex design options and be more flexible during construction. When choosing the ideal brick size for your home’s heating and insulation requirements, it will be easier for you to make decisions if you are aware of the trade-offs between thermal performance, structural integrity, and aesthetic preferences.

Video on the topic

The best brick for construction. Double ceramic bricks. Features of work.

Brick sizes

Size and types of bricks for bricklaying

1-brick masonry multi-row dressing system

How many bricks in a cube and a square meter of masonry.